15. 2.1 Knowledge push
• Knowledge push(Pengetahuan)
– Innovation that came out from scientific research
– R & D processes
• Eg: Intel chips
• Antibiotics
• CDs
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16. 2.2 Need pull
• Need Pull(Keperluan)
– “Neccessity is the mother of invention”
– Particularly important at mature stages in
industry/product life cycles
– Eg: Energy saving cars
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17. 2.3 Shocks to the system
• Whose needs?
– Existing customers
– New & potential customers eg: small
entrepreneurs who want to save costs
• Emerging markets
– “Bottom of the pyramid”-80% under the poverty
line
– Eg: Poverty in Arica-created demand for cheap
food in low prices
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19. 2.4 Advertising and mass
customization
• Challenge in markets-buyers want variety and
customization at the same time
• Eg: Rising individuality has opened up new
market for customized products
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22. 2.5 Users as innovators
• Create innovative solutions on a continuing
basis
• Eg: Tech-hobbyists keep on providing ideas on
technological innovations-new models for pc,
phones
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23. 2.6 Extreme Users
• “Tough customers mean good designs”
• The users in the toughest environments may
have needs which by definition are at edge
• Eg: Military needs inspire more innovations
within the security industry
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24. 2.7 Watching Others
• Concept of benchmarking
• Eg: Korea manufacturing field that came from
the concept of “copy and develop”
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25. 2.8 Combination & recombination
• ‘Crossover’
• Combination of industries
• Eg: Nike fashionable shock-absorbing shoes-
combination of arts, health and fitness
industry
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26. 2.9 Regulation
• Restrict certain things and opens up new ones
• Eg: New tax rules on cigarettes- restricts sales
of cigarettes, opens up new market of ‘fake
cigarettes’ and aids to quit smoking
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27. 2.10 Futures and forecasting
• Exploring alternatives
• Eg; Exxon and Shell exploring possibilities for
alternatives for oil and gas
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30. 3.1 Internal knowledge
connections
• Important to recognize that much of the
knowledge lies in the experience and ideas of
ordinary employees rather than solely with
specialists in formal innovation depts like R &
D or market research
• Internal entrepreneurs=“intrapreneurship”
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34. 3.4 Exercise-SCAMPER
• S Substitute- Remove some part of the accepted situation, thing, or concept and replace it
with something else.
• C Combine -Join, affiliate, or force together two or more elements of your subject matter and
consider ways that such a combination might move you toward a solution.
• A Adapt-Change some part of your problem so that it works where it did not before.
• M Minify/Magnify- Consider many of the attribute of the thing you're working on and
change them, arbitrarily, if necessary. Attributes include: size, shape, other dimensions,
texture, color, attitude, position, history, and so on.
• P Purpose (Put to other use)-Modify the intention of the subject. Think about why it exists,
what it is used for, what it's supposed to do. Challenge all of these assumptions and suggest
new and unusual purposes.
• E Eliminate-Arbitrarily remove any or all elements of your subject, simplify, reduce to core
functionality
• R Reverse- Change the direction or orientation. Turn it upside-down, inside-out, or make it go
backwards, against the direction it was intended to go or be used.
• R Rearrange -Similar to Reverse, modify the order of operations or any other hierarchy
involved.
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35. • You are a product executive for Perodua and
you need to come up with a new eco-friendly
Perodua model based on Viva. Using
SCAMPERR, invent a new innovative product
suitable for the global market.
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