evolusi kewirausahaan

1. KONSEP YANG BEREVOLUSI
by: AGB
Konsep dan Lingkup
Technopreneurship

2. Kewirausahaan….
• Keahlian memulai atau menguatkan sebuah bisnis
dalam mengidentifikasi peluang.
• Mencegah kegagalan pada bisnis baru.
• Keberanian menciptakan dan mengambil berbagai
peluang bisnis.
• Orang yang mampu secara kreatif menembus
pasar dan industri yang secara terus-menerus
menghasilkan produk baru dan model-model
bisnis.
• orang yang mampu dan dapat merubah ide baru
atau invensi menjadi inovasi yang berhasil.
• Orang yang berani mengambil resiko dalam
ketidakpastian.

3. • Risk, terukur secara
statistik (5 bola merah dan
5 bola putih)
• Ambiguity, sulit diukur
secara statistik (5 bola
mera dan bola putih tidak
diketahui)
• True Uncertainty, tidak
mungkin terukur secara
statistik (bola merah dan
putih tidak diketahui
jumlahnya)
Tipe ketidakpastian

4. wirausaha True uncertainty
Sebelum ada internet, tidak ada orang yang
tahu kalo web seperti Amazon, Google,
YouTube, Yahoo dan lain-lain merupakan
peluang pasar yang luar biasa
Kalaupun pasar sudah eksis, tapi tidak ada
orang yang menjamin bahwa Coca Cola
berkembang dengan pesat
The question is: whether a market exists and if
it exists for you.
Entrepreneurship is widely regarded as an integral player in the
business culture of American life, and particularly as an engine for
job creation and economic growth.
(Robert Sobel published The Entrepreneurs: Explorations Within the American Business Tradition)

5. DEFINISI Wirausaha
Wirausaha adalah ahlinya
mengambil resiko (Cantillon, 1697)
Wirausaha adalah individu
yang berorientasi pada
tindakan dan bermotivasi
tinggi, serta berani mengambil
resiko dalam mengejar
tujuannya (Meredith, 1996)

6. DEFINISI Wirausaha
“Someone who runs a business at his
own financial Risk” (Webster Dictionary)
“One who organizes, manages, and
assumes the risks of a business or
enterprise” (Merriem Webster Dictionary)
“Orang yang mengawinkan ide-ide
kreatif dengan tindakan yang
bertujuan dan berstruktur dari bisnis”
(Zimmerer and Scarborough)

7. EVOLUSI
“KEWIRAUSAHAAN”
• Saat ini, ENTREPRENUER diartikan juga
sebagai seorang INOVATOR, PENGGERAK
PEMBANGUNAN, yang akan merubah
PELUANG menjadi IDE yang dapat dijual, dan
PENINGKATAN NILAI TAMBAH melalui
efisiensi waktu, tenaga kerja, uang dan
peningkatan keterampilan.
• Seorang “ENTREPRENEUR” merupakan
“KATALIS” yang agresif untuk perubahan
bisnis dan pertumbuhan ekonomi dunia

8. AGRIPRENEUR
adalah individu yang
memiliki pengendalian
tertentu terhadap alat-alat
produksi dan menghasilkan
lebih banyak daripada yang
dapat dikonsumsinya atau
dijual atau ditukarkan agar
memperoleh pendapatan
(McClelland, 1961)

9. TECHNOPRENEUR
adalah pencipta kekayaan
melalui inovasi, teknologi,
pertumbuhan pekerjaan
dan ekonomi, dan
pembagian kekayaan yang
bergantung pada kerja
keras dan pengambilan
resiko (Bygrave, 1987)

10.  ENTREPRENEURSHIP TIDAK HANYA SEKEDAR ORANG YANG
MENGELOLA BISNIS SAJA SECARA RUTIN AKAN TETAPI
BERKAITAN JUGA DENGAN KEPEMIMPINAN (JOSEPH
SCHUMPETER, 1951)
 ENTREPERNEURSHIP DIDALAMNYA TERDAPAT PRILAKU: (1)
MENGAMBIL INISIATIF, (2) MENGORGANISASI SUMBERDAYA
MELALUI MEKANISME SISTEM EKONOMI DAN SOSIAL, DAN
(3) KEINGINAN UNTUK MENGAMBIL RESIKO DAN MENERIMA
KEGAGALAN (ALBERT SHAPERO, 1975)
DEFINISI
ENTREPRENEURSHIP

11. Technopreneursip
• Teknologi
• Skill Kewirausahaan
• Economi
TECHNOPRENEURSHIP ADALAH
SEBUAH PROSES SINTESIS
KEAHLIAN TEKNIK MASA DEPAN
DARI INDIVIDU, ORGANISASI,
NEGARA, DAN DUNIA
Manuel Cereijo

12. • prosesdinamis untuk
menciptakan kekayaan secara
bertahap. Kekayaan diciptakan
oleh orang yang mengasumsikan
bahwa resiko, waktu, dan karir
merupakan komitmen dari nilai
barang atau jasa. Bisa jadi
barang atau jasa itu tidak baru
atau tidak unik, yang pasti nilai
yang didapat berasal dari
kemampuan dalam mengalokasi
sumberdaya dan tingkat skill
orang tersebut (Robert C. Ronstadt )

13. Jadi…,
visi
perubahan
kreasi
KEWIRAUSAHAAN
PROSES DINAMIS

15. • KEMAUAN UNTUK
MENGAMBIL RESIKO YANG
DIPERHITUNGKAN, DALAM
ARTI WAKTU, EKUITAS ATAU
KARIR;
• KEMAMPUAN MERUMUSKAN
KERJASAMA TIM YANG
EFEKTIF;
• KREATIVITAS MENGELOLA
SUMBERDAYA YANG
DIBUTUHKAN;
• KETERAMPILAN DASAR
MEMBANGUN “A SOLID
BUSINESS PLAN”;
• VISI MENGENALI PELUANG
PADA SAAT SITUASI DAN
KONDISI TIDAK NORMAL.

16. Lingkup wirausaha…
high level of innovation combined with high level of
entrepreneurship which result in the creation of new
ventures as well as new sectors and industries.
Challenging 'fundamental principles' like equilibrium models,
rational agent, maximization paradigm, the traditional
production function, by applying insight from other
disciplines like theoretical physics (thermodynamics,
entropy) might be the way forward in the study of
entrepreneurial economics.

17. The term Political entrepreneur may refer to any of the following:
• someone (usually active in the fields of either politics or business) who
founds a new political project, group, or political party
• a businessman who seeks to gain profit through subsidies, protectionism,
government contracts, or other such favorable arrangements with
government(s) through political influence.
• a political actor (not necessarily a politician) who seeks to further his or
her own political career and popularity by pursuing the creation of policy
that pleases the populace.
A political entrepreneur refers to a political player who seeks to gain certain political
and social benefits in return for providing the common goods that can be shared by
an unorganized general public. These common goods that political entrepreneurs
attempt to provide to the populace generally include foreign-and domestic-related
public policy, while the benefits they hope to gain involve voter support, public
recognition, and personal popularity.

18. Knowledge entrepreneurship describes the ability to recognize or create
an opportunity and take action aimed at realizing the innovative
knowledge practice or product. Knowledge entrepreneurship is different
from ‘traditional’ economic entrepreneurship in that it does not aim at
the realization of monetary profit, but focuses on opportunities with the
goal to improve the production (research) and throughput of knowledge
(as in personal transformation (Harvey & Knight, 1996)), rather than to
maximize monetary profit. It has been argued that knowledge
entrepreneurship is the most suitable form of entrepreneurship for not-
for-profit educators, researchers and educational institutions.

19. Social entrepreneurship is the work of a social entrepreneur. A
social entrepreneur is someone who recognizes a social problem
and uses entrepreneurial principles to organize, create, and manage
a venture to make social change. Whereas a business entrepreneur
typically measures performance in profit and return, a social
entrepreneur assesses success in terms of the impact s/he has on
society. While social entrepreneurs often work through nonprofits
and citizen groups, many work in the private and governmental
sectors.
Nonprofits and non-governmental organizations, foundations,
governments and individuals promote, fund, and advise social
entrepreneurs around the planet. A growing number of colleges and
universities are establishing programs focused on educating and
training social entrepreneurs.

20. Entrepreneurship education seeks to provide
students with the knowledge, skills and motivation
to encourage entrepreneurial success in a variety
of settings. Variations of entrepreneurship
education are offered at all levels of schooling
from senior schools through graduate university
programs.

21. Digital Entrepreneurship represents a
category of Entrepreneurship that leverages
new technologies in novel ways such as the
Internet Communications Technology. A digital
entrepreneur is an individual who uses the
Internet as a tool to create commercial
opportunities, disseminate information, and
collaborate with clients and partners.

22. Intrapreneurship is the practice of using entrepreneurial
skills without taking on the risks or accountability associated
with entrepreneurial activities. It is practiced by employees
within an established organization using a systemised business
model. Employees, perhaps engaged in a special project within
a larger firm are supposed to behave as entrepreneurs, even
though they have the resources and capabilities of the larger
firm to draw upon. Capturing the dynamic nature of
entrepreneurial management (trying things until successful,
learning from failures, attempting to conserve resources, etc.)
adds to the potential of an otherwise static organizations
without exposing those employees or self employed people to
the risks or accountability normally associated with
entrepreneurial failure.

23. terimakasih