This document provides an overview of common hand tools, measuring devices, power tools, and information sources used in automotive repair. It describes various wrenches, sockets, screwdrivers, and other hand tools. Measuring tools like micrometers, calipers, and gauges are covered. Power tools such as impact wrenches, drills, and grinders are also discussed. Finally, the document outlines the important steps for using service manuals and other documentation to guide repairs. Safety is emphasized when using tools and lifting vehicles.

1. Chapter Five Hand Tools and Shop Equipment

2. Objectives List the basic units of measure for length, volume, and mass in the two measuring systems. Describe the different types of fasteners used in the automotive industry. List the various mechanical measuring tools used in the automotive shop. Describe the proper procedure for measuring with a micrometer.

3. Objectives (Cont’d) List some of the hand tools used in auto repair. List the common types of shop equipment and state their purpose. Describe the use of common pneumatic, electrical, and hydraulic power tools found in an automotive service department. Describe the different sources for service information that are available to technicians.

4. Units of Measure United States Customary (USC) Linear examples : inch, foot, yard, mile Weight examples : ounce, pound, ton Temperature example : Fahrenheit Pressure examples : pounds per square inch Torque example : foot pounds

5. Units of Measure (Cont’d) Metric Linear examples: meter, centimeter, kilometer Weight examples : grams, kilograms Temperature example : Celsius Pressure examples : kilogram per square centimeter, bar Torque example : Newton meters

6. Bolt Identification Diameter Measured across the threaded area Thread pitch (English system) The number of threads per inch Thread pitch (Metric system) The distance in millimeters between two adjacent threads

7. Bolt Identification (Cont’d)

8. Bolt Grade Markings Customary (inch) bolts Identification marks correspond to bolt strength. Increasing numbers represent increasing strength. Metric bolts Identification class numbers correspond to bolt strength. Increasing numbers represent increasing strength.

9. Grade Markings

10. Imperial Size Bolt Identification Example An Imperial size bolt that is identified as 3/8" x 2" x 24: Has a shank diameter of 3/8 inch. Is 2 inches long from the bottom of the head to the end of the shank. Has 24 threads per inch.

11. Metric Size Bolt Identification Example A metric size bolt that is identified as 6mm x 30mm x 1.25mm: Has a shank diameter of 6 millimeters. Is 30 millimeters long from the bottom of the head to the end of the shank. Has a distance of 1.25 millimeters between its threads.

12. Measuring Devices Machinist’s rule Is usually used to measure items that don’t require extremely close tolerances, such as bolt lengths. Vernier caliper Is usually used to measure items that require a closer degree of accuracy, such as shim thickness.

13. Measuring Devices (Cont’d) Dial caliper Is a version of a vernier caliper that is easier to read. Micrometer Is used for measuring items that require very close tolerances, such as shaft thickness and bearing diameter.

14. Reading a Metric Micrometer

15. Measuring Devices (Cont’d) Dial indicator Is used to measure radial or axial movement, such as a shaft’s runout or end play. Telescoping gauge Is commonly used to measure larger bore diameters, such as an engine cylinder.

16. Measuring Devices (Cont’d) Small hole gauge Is used for measuring small bores, such as an engine valve guide. Feeler gauge Is used to measure clearances, such as a spark plug gap. Screw pitch gauge Is used to determine thread pitch of a bolt or screw.

17. A Typical Set of Hand Tools

18. Hand Tools Wrenches Open-end Box-end Flare nut or line Metric or USCS Allen

19. Hand Tools (Cont’d) Ratchets and Sockets Six, eight, or twelve point Deep and shallow Metric or USCS Impact or chrome Torx Swivel sockets

20. Hand Tools (Cont’d) Screwdrivers Pliers Hammers and mallets Punches and chisels Files Taps and dies

21. Types of Torque Wrenches Beam Is not very accurate. “ Click” When the handle reaches the preset torque, the wrench clicks. Dial A dial indicates the amount of torque exerted. Digital read out Is usually the most accurate design.

22. Hand Tool Safety Use the proper tool for the job. Use the correct size wrench or socket. Use box-end wrench or socket whenever possible. Always pull on a wrench.

23. Power Tools Impact wrenches Air ratchets Drills Blow guns Grinders Cutting tools

24. Power Tools (Cont’d) Drill press Bench grinders Grinding wheel Wire wheel Buffing wheel

25. Power Tools (Cont’d) Presses Trouble lights Incandescent or fluorescent

26. Service Information Sources Manufacturers’ service information Computer-based information systems Flat-rate manuals Owner’s manuals Lubrication guides Aftermarket suppliers’ guides and catalogs Hotline services International Automotive Technicians Network

27. Steps for Using a Service Manual Select the appropriate manual for the vehicle being serviced. Use the table of contents to locate the applicable section. Use the index at the front of the section to locate the required information.

28. Steps for Using a Service Manual (Cont’d) Carefully read the information and study the illustrations and diagrams. Follow the required steps and procedures. Adhere to all of the given specifications and safety precautions.

29. Lifting Tools Hydraulic floor jack Is used to raise vehicle off the ground. Is used with safety stands. Pneumatic jack Uses air to raise vehicle. Is used with safety stands.

30. Lifting Tools (Cont’d) Safety stand Is used to support a vehicle when raised. Hydraulic lift Is safest lifting tool. Is also called a hoist.

31. Lifting Tools (Cont’d) Engine hoist Is sometimes called a cherry picker. Uses hydraulic pressure to lift an engine from a vehicle.

32. Summary Repairing the modern automobile requires the use of many different hand and power tools. It is crucial to use the proper amount of torque when tightening fasteners on any part of a vehicle, particularly the engine.

33. Summary (Cont’d) Metric and SAE size wrenches are not interchangeable. Carelessness or mishandling of power tools can cause serious injury. The primary source of repair and specification information for any vehicle is the manufacturer’s service manual.