SlideShare a Scribd company logo
NETA PowerPoint® Slides 
to accompany 
Copyright © 2015 by Nelson Education Ltd. 
prepared by 
Rhonda Dynes 
Mohawk 
College 
5-1
Developing the Main Points 
and Writing 
an Outline 
Copyright © 2015 by Nelson Education Ltd. 
Chapter 5 
5-2
Organizing Your Main Points 
After you’ve identified the main points for your 
essay and checked to make sure they are 
satisfactory, your final task in the planning process 
is to list them in the order in which you will 
present them. 
This list of points is sometimes called a plan of 
development or a path statement. 
Copyright © 2015 by Nelson Education Ltd. 
5-3
Ordering Your Main Points 
There are four ways to order your 
main points: 
chronological, climactic, logical, 
and random. 
Copyright © 2015 by Nelson Education Ltd. 
5-4
Chronological Order 
You are using chronological order 
when you present your points in 
order of time from first to last. This is 
most appropriate in process essays. 
Copyright © 2015 by Nelson Education Ltd. 
5-5
Climactic Order 
Persuasion most often uses a 
climactic arrangement, but climactic 
order is also common in papers 
based on examples, comparison or 
contrast, and classification or 
division. In climactic order, you save 
your strongest or most convincing 
point for last (the climax of your 
argument). You lead with the second 
strongest point. 
Copyright © 2015 by Nelson Education Ltd. 
5-6
Logical Order 
Cause-and-effect essays, or any 
writing in which one point must be 
explained before the next point can 
be understood, are based on logical 
order. Your main points have a 
logical relationship, and you cannot 
discuss them out of order without 
confusing your readers. 
Copyright © 2015 by Nelson Education Ltd. 
5-7
Random Order 
On the rare occasions when your 
points can be explained in any order 
without affecting your readers’ 
understanding, you can use random 
order. A random arrangement is 
possible only if all your main points 
are of equal significance and if they 
are not linked together logically or 
chronologically. 
Copyright © 2015 by Nelson Education Ltd. 
5-8
Preparing the Outline 
Wise writers treat an outline as tentative, not 
as something chiselled in stone. As you draft 
your paper, you may discover new ideas or a 
new structure that better suits your purpose. 
If so, change your main points and outline to 
accommodate it. 
Copyright © 2015 by Nelson Education Ltd. 
5-9
Outline Format 
Copyright © 2015 by Nelson Education Ltd. 
5-10
Outline Format Example 
Copyright © 2015 by Nelson Education Ltd. 
5-11
Summary 
You’ve learned how to 
•identify main points 
•test them for suitability 
•arrange them in the most appropriate order 
You’re ready now to go on to the next step: writing the 
thesis statement—probably the most important 
sentence in your paper. 
Copyright © 2015 by Nelson Education Ltd. 
5-12

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Developing Main Points & Outlining

  • 1. NETA PowerPoint® Slides to accompany Copyright © 2015 by Nelson Education Ltd. prepared by Rhonda Dynes Mohawk College 5-1
  • 2. Developing the Main Points and Writing an Outline Copyright © 2015 by Nelson Education Ltd. Chapter 5 5-2
  • 3. Organizing Your Main Points After you’ve identified the main points for your essay and checked to make sure they are satisfactory, your final task in the planning process is to list them in the order in which you will present them. This list of points is sometimes called a plan of development or a path statement. Copyright © 2015 by Nelson Education Ltd. 5-3
  • 4. Ordering Your Main Points There are four ways to order your main points: chronological, climactic, logical, and random. Copyright © 2015 by Nelson Education Ltd. 5-4
  • 5. Chronological Order You are using chronological order when you present your points in order of time from first to last. This is most appropriate in process essays. Copyright © 2015 by Nelson Education Ltd. 5-5
  • 6. Climactic Order Persuasion most often uses a climactic arrangement, but climactic order is also common in papers based on examples, comparison or contrast, and classification or division. In climactic order, you save your strongest or most convincing point for last (the climax of your argument). You lead with the second strongest point. Copyright © 2015 by Nelson Education Ltd. 5-6
  • 7. Logical Order Cause-and-effect essays, or any writing in which one point must be explained before the next point can be understood, are based on logical order. Your main points have a logical relationship, and you cannot discuss them out of order without confusing your readers. Copyright © 2015 by Nelson Education Ltd. 5-7
  • 8. Random Order On the rare occasions when your points can be explained in any order without affecting your readers’ understanding, you can use random order. A random arrangement is possible only if all your main points are of equal significance and if they are not linked together logically or chronologically. Copyright © 2015 by Nelson Education Ltd. 5-8
  • 9. Preparing the Outline Wise writers treat an outline as tentative, not as something chiselled in stone. As you draft your paper, you may discover new ideas or a new structure that better suits your purpose. If so, change your main points and outline to accommodate it. Copyright © 2015 by Nelson Education Ltd. 5-9
  • 10. Outline Format Copyright © 2015 by Nelson Education Ltd. 5-10
  • 11. Outline Format Example Copyright © 2015 by Nelson Education Ltd. 5-11
  • 12. Summary You’ve learned how to •identify main points •test them for suitability •arrange them in the most appropriate order You’re ready now to go on to the next step: writing the thesis statement—probably the most important sentence in your paper. Copyright © 2015 by Nelson Education Ltd. 5-12