The document discusses the key functional areas of businesses - marketing/sales, supply chain management, accounting/finance, and human resources. It explains that each functional area produces and requires certain types of data. An integrated information system is important for sharing data between functional areas to support business processes and make them more efficient. ERP software provides this integration through a single database and helps companies manage information across all business functions.
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is an enterprise-wide information system designed to coordinate all the resources, information, and activities needed to complete business processes such as order fulfillment or billing. ... Ideally, the data for the various business functions are integrated.
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is an enterprise-wide information system designed to coordinate all the resources, information, and activities needed to complete business processes such as order fulfillment or billing. ... Ideally, the data for the various business functions are integrated.
ERP is an acronym for Enterprise Resource Planning, but even its full name doesn't shed much light on what ERP is or what it does. For that, you need to take a step back and think about all of the various processes that are essential to running a business, including inventory and order management, accounting, human resources, customer relationship management (CRM), and beyond. At its most basic level, ERP software integrates these various functions into one complete system to streamline processes and information across the entire organization.
The central feature of all ERP systems is a shared database that supports multiple functions used by different business units. In practice, this means that employees in different divisions—for example, accounting and sales—can rely on the same information for their specific needs.
An ERP system is an integrated suite of information technology applications that support the operations of an enterprise from a process perspective.
ERP implementation Life cycle :-https://www.baexperts.info/2020/03/the-9-stages-of-erp-implementation-life.html
ERP is an acronym for Enterprise Resource Planning, but even its full name doesn't shed much light on what ERP is or what it does. For that, you need to take a step back and think about all of the various processes that are essential to running a business, including inventory and order management, accounting, human resources, customer relationship management (CRM), and beyond. At its most basic level, ERP software integrates these various functions into one complete system to streamline processes and information across the entire organization.
The central feature of all ERP systems is a shared database that supports multiple functions used by different business units. In practice, this means that employees in different divisions—for example, accounting and sales—can rely on the same information for their specific needs.
An ERP system is an integrated suite of information technology applications that support the operations of an enterprise from a process perspective.
ERP implementation Life cycle :-https://www.baexperts.info/2020/03/the-9-stages-of-erp-implementation-life.html
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Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) programs: Core software used by companies to coordinate information in every area of business
Help manage companywide business processes
Use common database and shared management reporting tools
Business process: Collection of activities that takes some input and creates an output that is of value to the customer
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2. Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 2
Chapter Objectives
• Name a business's main areas of operation.
• Differentiate a business process from a business
function.
• Identify the kinds of data that each main functional area
produces.
• Identify the kinds of data that each main functional area
needs.
• Define integrated information systems and state why
they are important
3. Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 3
ERP Overview
• Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) programs are
software used by companies to manage information in
every area of the business.
• ERP programs help manage company-wide business
processes using a common database and shared
management reporting tools.
• ERP software supports the efficient operation of
business processes by integrating activities throughout a
business.
4. Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 4
Functional Areas of Operation
• Most companies have four main functional areas:
• Marketing and Sales (M/S)
• Supply Chain Management (SCM)
• Accounting and Finance (A/F)
• Human Resources (HR)
• Each main functional area consists of a number of
narrower business functions specific to the functional
area.
• Historically, businesses have organized themselves
according to business functions.
• Business Schools continue to be similarly organized.
6. Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 6
Information System
• An information system includes the:
• Computers
• People
• Procedures
• Software
• Required to store, organize and deliver information
• Information systems are a critical tool for integrating
business functions
7. Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 7
Business Processes
• A business process is a collection of activities that takes
one or more inputs and creates an output that is of value
to the customer
• The customer may be the traditional external customer
who buys the product or service, or an internal customer
(a colleague in another department)
• The business process view is the customer’s
perspective.
• The customer does not care that different functions are
involved in processing their order, and will not tolerate
mistakes and delays caused by poor coordination of
business functions
8. Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 8
Process View of Business
Sales
Function
Accounting
Function
Purchasing
Function
Production
Function
Logistics
Function
Material Order Process
Customer Order Process
Figure 1-3 A process view of business
9. Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 9
Integration of Business Functions
• Sharing data efficiently and effectively within and
between functional areas leads to more efficient
business processes
• Information systems that share data between functional
areas are called Integrated Information Systems
10. Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 10
Another Look—Nova Chemicals
• According to John Wheeler, CIO of Nova Chemicals,
changing from a function-oriented view to a process-
oriented is a complicated process
• Business processes include:
• People with particular skill sets
• Information
• Tools
• Correct organizational culture
11. Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 11
Another Look—Nova Chemicals
• Nova has identified 3 core processes:
• Demand Chain Management
• Supply Chain Management
• Manufacturing Management
• And three enabling business processes
• Human Resources (includes corporate
communications)
• Treasury
• Information Technology
• Process Boards consisting of managers from various
functional areas define “best practices” and process
metrics—clear measurements to manage business
processes
12. Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 12
Lemonade Stand Functional Areas
• Marketing and Sales
• Develop products
• Determine pricing
• Promote products
• Take customer orders
• Make sales forecast
• Track repeat customers to send flyers or thank-yous
• Manage credit
13. Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 13
Lemonade Stand Functional Areas
• Supply Chain Management
• Buying raw materials (purchasing)
• Making lemonade
• Manage recipe
• Maintain manufacturing (cost) records
14. Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 14
Lemonade Stand Functional Areas
• Accounting and Finance
• Recording raw transaction data
• Sales, raw material purchases, payroll, cash
receipts
• Provide data for sales forecasting, credit
management, cash management
15. Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 15
Lemonade Stand Functional Areas
• Human Resources
• Recruit, train, evaluate and compensate employees
• Develop personnel plans (staffing) based on sales
• Determine compensation—depends on labor market
16. Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 16
Functional Area Information Systems
17. Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 17
Marketing and Sales
• Inputs
• Customer data
• Order data
• Sales trend data
• Per-unit cost
• Outputs
• Sales strategies
• Product pricing
18. Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 18
Functional Area Information Systems
19. Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 19
Supply Chain Management
• Inputs
• Product sales data
• Production plans
• Inventory levels
• Outputs
• Raw material orders
• Packaging orders
• Resource expenditure data
• Production and inventory reports
20. Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 20
Functional Area Information Systems
21. Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 21
Accounting and Finance
• Inputs
• Payments from customers
• Accounts receivables data
• Accounts payables data
• Sales data
• Production and inventory data
• Payroll and expense data
• Outputs
• Payments to suppliers
• Financial reports
• Customer credit data
22. Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 22
Functional Area Information Systems
23. Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 23
Human Resources
• Inputs
• Personnel forecasts
• Skills data
• Outputs
• Regulation compliance
• Employee training and certification
• Skills database
24. Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 24
Summary
• All manufacturing companies have basic functional areas
of:
• Marketing and Sales: Sets product prices, promotes
products, takes customer orders, and creates sales
forecasts.
• Supply Chain Management: Develops production
plans, orders raw materials from suppliers, receives
the raw material into the facility, manufactures
products, and ships products to customers.
25. Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 25
Summary
• All manufacturing companies have basic functional areas
of:
• Accounting and Finance: Records sales transactions,
records customers’ payments, records suppliers’
invoices and payments to suppliers, and summarizes
operational data in managerial reports.
• Human Resources: Recruits, trains, compensates,
and oversees the evaluation of employees.
26. Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 26
Summary
• Functional areas are served by information systems,
which capture, process, and store data to provide
information needed for decision making.
27. Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 27
Summary
• Employees working in one functional area need data
from other functional areas. Functional area information
systems should be integrated, so shared data are
accurate and readily available.
28. Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 28
Summary
• Business managers are increasingly thinking in terms of
business processes that integrate functional areas.
• The business process view promotes efficiency and
competitiveness.
• Business processes require information sharing
between functional areas.
• ERP software provides this capability by using a
single common database.
Editor's Notes
“Producton Function” changed to “Production Function”
“...3 core process” changed to “3 core processes”
“Promote Products” changed to “Promote products”
Removed extra space in front of “Buying extra lemonade”