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Badr University In Cairo 3rd level Faculty Of Engineering 1st semester Dep. of Architecture 2023 -2024 History of Islamic Architecture ARC 325 Associate Prof. Dr. / AHMED M. SALEH History of Islamic Architecture 1
History of Islamic Architecture 2 ARC 325 1st - 3 HISTORY of ISLAMIC ARCHITETCURE 3 3rd 1ST History and Theory of Architecture (2) Badr University In Cairo 3rd level Faculty Of Engineering 1st semester Dep. of Architecture 2023 -2024
3 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 Introduction Lecture 1 Architecture of Middle Ages History of Islamic Architecture
4 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Evolution of architectural history in Middle Age Middle Ages
5 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture The Birth Islam is not only a religion …..but rather a complete way of life The Birth of Islam
6 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Definition History of Islamic Architecture can be defined as a building traditions of Muslim populations of the Middle East and any countries where Islam has been dominant from the 7th century on.
7 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Definition All the architectural production from the era of Prophet Muhammed from 7th century including all Islamic world. you may find variety of styles and individualities in the History of Islamic Architecture through its long period in history and wide scope of regions What is Islamic architecture?
8 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Definition The Spread of Islamic architecture
9 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Definition The Spread of Islamic architecture
10 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Timeline Islamic Architecture
11 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Timeline Islamic Architecture
12 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Definition Types of Islamic Architecture Mosque Typology Mosque Architectural Features Islamic Decorative Elements History of Islamic Architecture The most important building in the Islamic world is the mosque, followed by the royal palace. Mosques, as the center of worship, were among the first buildings erected in the Islamic world. All buildings mosque, etc. have different variations of plans, sections and elevation however they still follow the 7 principles of Islamic Architecture.
13 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Building Types of Islamic Architecture Types of History of Islamic Architecture Religious Buildings Buildings for prayer neighborhood mosque (masjid). congregational mosque (jami or masjid jami). prayer enclosure (musalla) Buildings for Education Qur'anic school for children (kuttab) religious college (madrasa). Memorial Buildings saint (wali) tomb or reliquary (maqam or mazar). memorial of a vision (mashhad). mausoleum (qubba or turba) with charitable. funerary garden or enclosure (rawd). Monastic urban Sufi lodge (Khanqah) takiyya or tekke retreat for a famous sheikh (zawiyya) Residential Buildings Palaces Houses Madiafa Service Buildings Bimaristan Market Wekala Khan Qesaria Rab3 Defensive buildings Fortress/ Citadel/Casbah Gates/ Bawabat Ribat Water Buildings Hammam Sabil
14 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Building Types of Islamic Architecture
15 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Masjid / Mosque Technically, it means a “place of prostration ‫”سجود‬ that’s is to say where believers bow their heads to the ground in veneration of God and as part of a well-defined ritual of prayers. The importance of Mosque in History of Islamic Architecture is not only that it’s a place of Worship.. But also a place of social activities and part of daily life of people. Mosque Typology
16 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Mosque Typology
17 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Mosque Typology
18 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Mosque Typology
19 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Mosque Typology Mosque Typology The Hypostyle Mosque The Four-Iwan Mosque The Centrally-Planned Mosque Mosque Typology
20 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Mosque Typology Mosque Typology
21 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Typical Mosque Layout Mosque Typology
22 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Mosque Typology
23 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Mosque Typology
24 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Mosque Typology Comparison between different mosques layout (Qibla Direction is above)
25 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Mosque Typology The common design elements of Islamic Architecture • Large Domes. • Large courtyard often merged with a central praying hall • Mihrab or prayer niche on an inside wall indicating the direction to Mecca. • A four-iwan plan, with three subordinate halls and one principal one that faces toward Mecca • Minarets or towers (these were originally used as torch-lit watchtowers, as seen in the Great Mosque of Damascus; • Pishtaq is the formal gateway to the iwan, usually the main prayer hall of a mosque, a vaulted hall or space, walled on three sides, with one end entirely open; a Persian term for a portal projecting from the facade of a building, usually decorated with calligraphy bands, glazed tilework, and geometric designs. • The use of Islamic geometric patterns and foliage based arabesques. • The use of muqarnas, a unique Arabic/Islamic space-enclosing system, for the decoration of domes, minarets and portals, as used at the Alhambra. • The use of decorative Islamic calligraphy instead of pictures which were haram (forbidden) in mosque architecture. • Central fountains used for ablutions (once used as a wudu area for Muslims), Use of symmetry. • The use of bright color, if the style is Persian or Indian (Mughal); paler sandstone and grey stones are preferred among Arab buildings. Compare the Registan complex of Uzbekistan to the Al-Azhar University of Cairo. • Focus on interior of space rather than exterior.
26 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Mosque Architectural Features
27 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Mosque Architectural Features
28 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Mosque Architectural Features
29 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Mosque Architectural Features Pishtaq
30 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Mosque Architectural Features
31 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Decorative Elements
32 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Decorative Elements
33 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Decorative Elements
34 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Decorative Elements
35 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Arabesque (islimi) Arabesque designs are biomorphic, floral patterns representing the underlying order and unity of nature with a great deal of accuracy. flowers and trees might be used as the motifs for the decoration of textiles, objects and buildings. Islamic Decorative Elements
36 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Decorative Elements
37 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Decorative Elements
38 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Decorative Elements
39 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture
40 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture 1 - ‫الراشدين‬ ‫الخلفاء‬ ‫عصر‬ - 638 ‫م‬ 2 - ‫الفاطمي‬ ‫العصر‬ - 969 ‫م‬ 3 - ‫العصر‬ ‫االيوبي‬ - 1171 ‫م‬ 4 - ‫ال‬ ‫العصر‬ ‫مملوكي‬ - 1250 ‫م‬ 5 - ‫ال‬ ‫العصر‬ ‫عثماني‬ - 1517 ‫م‬ 6 - ‫ع‬ ‫صر‬ ‫علي‬ ‫محمد‬ – 1805 ‫م‬ ‫اإلسالم‬ ‫دخول‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫ظهرت‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المصرية‬ ‫للعمارة‬ ‫التاريخي‬ ‫التسلسل‬ ‫األموية‬ ‫الدولة‬ - 659 ‫م‬ ‫العباسية‬ ‫الدولة‬ - 750 ‫م‬ ‫الطولوني‬ ‫العصر‬ – 868 ‫م‬ ‫االتراك‬ ‫المماليك‬ ‫عصر‬ ( ‫البحرية‬ ) ‫البرجية‬ ‫المماليك‬ ‫عصر‬ ( ‫الجراكسة‬ )
41 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture ‫الوالة‬ ‫عصر‬ : 640 – 868 ‫م‬ . ‫حكامها‬ ‫من‬ : ‫العاص‬ ‫بن‬ ‫عمرو‬ . ‫الطولونية‬ ‫الدولة‬ : 868 - 905 ‫م‬ . ‫حكامها‬ ‫من‬ : ‫طولون‬ ‫بن‬ ‫أحمد‬ – ‫طولون‬ ‫بن‬ ‫أحمد‬ ‫بن‬ ‫خماروية‬ . ‫االخشيدية‬ ‫الدولة‬ : 935 - 969 ‫م‬ . ‫حكامها‬ ‫من‬ : ‫االخشيد‬ ‫طغج‬ ‫بن‬ ‫محمد‬ – ‫كافور‬ . ‫الفاطمية‬ ‫الدولة‬ : 969 - 1171 ‫م‬ . ‫حكامها‬ ‫من‬ : ‫اهلل‬ ‫لدين‬ ‫المعز‬ – ‫المعز‬ ‫بن‬ ‫العزيز‬ – ‫اهلل‬ ‫بأمر‬ ‫الحاكم‬ – ‫الحاكم‬ ‫بن‬ ‫الظاهر‬ – ‫المستعلى‬ - ‫العاضد‬ . ‫األيوبية‬ ‫الدولة‬ : 1171 - 1250 ‫م‬ . ‫حكامها‬ ‫من‬ : ‫األيوبي‬ ‫الدين‬ ‫صالح‬ – ‫الدين‬ ‫صالح‬ ‫أخو‬ ‫العادل‬ – ‫الكامل‬ – ‫الثانى‬ ‫العادل‬ – ‫أيوب‬ ‫الصالح‬ . ‫البحرية‬ ‫المماليك‬ ‫دولة‬ : 1250 - 1382 ‫م‬ . ‫حكامها‬ ‫من‬ : ‫الدر‬ ‫شجر‬ – ‫إيبك‬ ‫الدين‬ ‫عز‬ – ‫بيبرس‬ ‫الظاهر‬ – ‫قالوون‬ ‫المنصور‬ – ‫خليل‬ ‫األشرف‬ – ‫قالو‬ ‫بن‬ ‫محمد‬ ‫الناصر‬ ‫ون‬ – ‫حسن‬ ‫السلطان‬ . ‫الجراكسه‬ ‫المماليك‬ ‫دولة‬ : 1382 - 1517 ‫م‬ . ‫حكامها‬ ‫من‬ : ‫برقوق‬ ‫السلطان‬ – ‫فرج‬ ‫السلطان‬ – ‫شيخ‬ ‫المؤيد‬ ‫السلطان‬ – ‫برسباى‬ ‫االشراف‬ – ‫قايتباى‬ – ‫الغ‬ ‫قنصوره‬ ‫ورى‬ . ‫اإلسالم‬ ‫دخول‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫ظهرت‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المصرية‬ ‫للعمارة‬ ‫التاريخي‬ ‫التسلسل‬
42 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Ordering Principles and spatial organization of Islamic architecture
43 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture GRID ORGANIZATIONS
44 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture CLUSTER ORGANIZATIONS Part of a market Imam Khomeini Tehran with a central organization
45 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Axis The Great Mosque of Xi'an ORDERING PRINCIPLES the location of 5 courtyards and the arrow direction point to Mecca.
46 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Axis Chinese Mosque ORDERING PRINCIPLES
47 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Axis ORDERING PRINCIPLES Water in Islamic Architecture. In Islam, water is seen as life-giving, sustaining, and purifying. ... One very particular type of Islamic garden related specifically to this concept is the so-called “Paradise Garden.” The word “paradise” comes from the Persian words pairi, meaning “around,” and daeza, meaning, “wall.” Courtyard of Mustansiriya Medical College (in Iraq) is an example of Abbasid Islamic architecture Alhambra
48 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Symmetry ORDERING PRINCIPLES Symmetric Taj Mahal Plan
49 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Symmetry ORDERING PRINCIPLES Symmetric Taj Mahal MASSED
50 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Symmetry ORDERING PRINCIPLES Floor plan of Malika Safiyya Mosque Floor plan of Edirne Selimiye Complex (1) mosque, (2) madrasa (hadith college), (3) madrasa (Koran recitation school), (4) elementary school, (5) bazaar (arasta).
51 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture REPETITION , Gulbarga, India, 1367 ORDERING PRINCIPLES
52 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture HIERARCHY ORDERING PRINCIPLES 1-frontage 2 - The 3-port 4-arch porch portico 6 5 corridor Tehran, entering the mosque - Motahari School Tehran, Imam Mosque gate
53 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture HIERARCHY ORDERING PRINCIPLES Plurality of spatial hierarchy pattern in the middle system in Isfahan and Kashan bazaars.
54 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture ORDERING PRINCIPLES HIERARCHY The Great Mosque of Djenné in the west African country of Mali
55 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture ORDERING PRINCIPLES Rhythm Rhythm leads the eye from one side of the room to the other Tinmel Mosque
56 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture ORDERING PRINCIPLES Rhythm Medina Azahara, Cördoba
57 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture ARCHITECTURE OF THE MOSQUES & CONTEMPORARY TRNDS GENERAL DISCUSSION…….
58 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture ‫جامعا‬ ‫مسجد‬ ‫كل‬ ‫ليس‬ ‫ولكن‬ ‫مسجد‬ ‫هو‬ ‫جامع‬ ‫كل‬ ‫مسجدا‬ ‫مصلي‬ ‫كل‬ ‫ليس‬ ‫ولكن‬ ‫مصلي‬ ‫مسجد‬ ‫كل‬
59 History of Islamic Architecture IN CLASS Quiz Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Identify three different Islamic Decorative Elements in this pictures ?????

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Islamic-architecture-FALL2023-lec1.pdf education

  • 1. Badr University In Cairo 3rd level Faculty Of Engineering 1st semester Dep. of Architecture 2023 -2024 History of Islamic Architecture ARC 325 Associate Prof. Dr. / AHMED M. SALEH History of Islamic Architecture 1
  • 2. History of Islamic Architecture 2 ARC 325 1st - 3 HISTORY of ISLAMIC ARCHITETCURE 3 3rd 1ST History and Theory of Architecture (2) Badr University In Cairo 3rd level Faculty Of Engineering 1st semester Dep. of Architecture 2023 -2024
  • 3. 3 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 Introduction Lecture 1 Architecture of Middle Ages History of Islamic Architecture
  • 4. 4 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Evolution of architectural history in Middle Age Middle Ages
  • 5. 5 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture The Birth Islam is not only a religion …..but rather a complete way of life The Birth of Islam
  • 6. 6 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Definition History of Islamic Architecture can be defined as a building traditions of Muslim populations of the Middle East and any countries where Islam has been dominant from the 7th century on.
  • 7. 7 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Definition All the architectural production from the era of Prophet Muhammed from 7th century including all Islamic world. you may find variety of styles and individualities in the History of Islamic Architecture through its long period in history and wide scope of regions What is Islamic architecture?
  • 8. 8 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Definition The Spread of Islamic architecture
  • 9. 9 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Definition The Spread of Islamic architecture
  • 10. 10 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Timeline Islamic Architecture
  • 11. 11 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Timeline Islamic Architecture
  • 12. 12 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Definition Types of Islamic Architecture Mosque Typology Mosque Architectural Features Islamic Decorative Elements History of Islamic Architecture The most important building in the Islamic world is the mosque, followed by the royal palace. Mosques, as the center of worship, were among the first buildings erected in the Islamic world. All buildings mosque, etc. have different variations of plans, sections and elevation however they still follow the 7 principles of Islamic Architecture.
  • 13. 13 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Building Types of Islamic Architecture Types of History of Islamic Architecture Religious Buildings Buildings for prayer neighborhood mosque (masjid). congregational mosque (jami or masjid jami). prayer enclosure (musalla) Buildings for Education Qur'anic school for children (kuttab) religious college (madrasa). Memorial Buildings saint (wali) tomb or reliquary (maqam or mazar). memorial of a vision (mashhad). mausoleum (qubba or turba) with charitable. funerary garden or enclosure (rawd). Monastic urban Sufi lodge (Khanqah) takiyya or tekke retreat for a famous sheikh (zawiyya) Residential Buildings Palaces Houses Madiafa Service Buildings Bimaristan Market Wekala Khan Qesaria Rab3 Defensive buildings Fortress/ Citadel/Casbah Gates/ Bawabat Ribat Water Buildings Hammam Sabil
  • 14. 14 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Building Types of Islamic Architecture
  • 15. 15 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Masjid / Mosque Technically, it means a “place of prostration ‫”سجود‬ that’s is to say where believers bow their heads to the ground in veneration of God and as part of a well-defined ritual of prayers. The importance of Mosque in History of Islamic Architecture is not only that it’s a place of Worship.. But also a place of social activities and part of daily life of people. Mosque Typology
  • 16. 16 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Mosque Typology
  • 17. 17 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Mosque Typology
  • 18. 18 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Mosque Typology
  • 19. 19 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Mosque Typology Mosque Typology The Hypostyle Mosque The Four-Iwan Mosque The Centrally-Planned Mosque Mosque Typology
  • 20. 20 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Mosque Typology Mosque Typology
  • 21. 21 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Typical Mosque Layout Mosque Typology
  • 22. 22 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Mosque Typology
  • 23. 23 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Mosque Typology
  • 24. 24 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Mosque Typology Comparison between different mosques layout (Qibla Direction is above)
  • 25. 25 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Mosque Typology The common design elements of Islamic Architecture • Large Domes. • Large courtyard often merged with a central praying hall • Mihrab or prayer niche on an inside wall indicating the direction to Mecca. • A four-iwan plan, with three subordinate halls and one principal one that faces toward Mecca • Minarets or towers (these were originally used as torch-lit watchtowers, as seen in the Great Mosque of Damascus; • Pishtaq is the formal gateway to the iwan, usually the main prayer hall of a mosque, a vaulted hall or space, walled on three sides, with one end entirely open; a Persian term for a portal projecting from the facade of a building, usually decorated with calligraphy bands, glazed tilework, and geometric designs. • The use of Islamic geometric patterns and foliage based arabesques. • The use of muqarnas, a unique Arabic/Islamic space-enclosing system, for the decoration of domes, minarets and portals, as used at the Alhambra. • The use of decorative Islamic calligraphy instead of pictures which were haram (forbidden) in mosque architecture. • Central fountains used for ablutions (once used as a wudu area for Muslims), Use of symmetry. • The use of bright color, if the style is Persian or Indian (Mughal); paler sandstone and grey stones are preferred among Arab buildings. Compare the Registan complex of Uzbekistan to the Al-Azhar University of Cairo. • Focus on interior of space rather than exterior.
  • 26. 26 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Mosque Architectural Features
  • 27. 27 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Mosque Architectural Features
  • 28. 28 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Mosque Architectural Features
  • 29. 29 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Mosque Architectural Features Pishtaq
  • 30. 30 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Mosque Architectural Features
  • 31. 31 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Decorative Elements
  • 32. 32 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Decorative Elements
  • 33. 33 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Decorative Elements
  • 34. 34 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Decorative Elements
  • 35. 35 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Arabesque (islimi) Arabesque designs are biomorphic, floral patterns representing the underlying order and unity of nature with a great deal of accuracy. flowers and trees might be used as the motifs for the decoration of textiles, objects and buildings. Islamic Decorative Elements
  • 36. 36 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Decorative Elements
  • 37. 37 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Decorative Elements
  • 38. 38 History of Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Decorative Elements
  • 39. 39 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture
  • 40. 40 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture 1 - ‫الراشدين‬ ‫الخلفاء‬ ‫عصر‬ - 638 ‫م‬ 2 - ‫الفاطمي‬ ‫العصر‬ - 969 ‫م‬ 3 - ‫العصر‬ ‫االيوبي‬ - 1171 ‫م‬ 4 - ‫ال‬ ‫العصر‬ ‫مملوكي‬ - 1250 ‫م‬ 5 - ‫ال‬ ‫العصر‬ ‫عثماني‬ - 1517 ‫م‬ 6 - ‫ع‬ ‫صر‬ ‫علي‬ ‫محمد‬ – 1805 ‫م‬ ‫اإلسالم‬ ‫دخول‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫ظهرت‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المصرية‬ ‫للعمارة‬ ‫التاريخي‬ ‫التسلسل‬ ‫األموية‬ ‫الدولة‬ - 659 ‫م‬ ‫العباسية‬ ‫الدولة‬ - 750 ‫م‬ ‫الطولوني‬ ‫العصر‬ – 868 ‫م‬ ‫االتراك‬ ‫المماليك‬ ‫عصر‬ ( ‫البحرية‬ ) ‫البرجية‬ ‫المماليك‬ ‫عصر‬ ( ‫الجراكسة‬ )
  • 41. 41 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture ‫الوالة‬ ‫عصر‬ : 640 – 868 ‫م‬ . ‫حكامها‬ ‫من‬ : ‫العاص‬ ‫بن‬ ‫عمرو‬ . ‫الطولونية‬ ‫الدولة‬ : 868 - 905 ‫م‬ . ‫حكامها‬ ‫من‬ : ‫طولون‬ ‫بن‬ ‫أحمد‬ – ‫طولون‬ ‫بن‬ ‫أحمد‬ ‫بن‬ ‫خماروية‬ . ‫االخشيدية‬ ‫الدولة‬ : 935 - 969 ‫م‬ . ‫حكامها‬ ‫من‬ : ‫االخشيد‬ ‫طغج‬ ‫بن‬ ‫محمد‬ – ‫كافور‬ . ‫الفاطمية‬ ‫الدولة‬ : 969 - 1171 ‫م‬ . ‫حكامها‬ ‫من‬ : ‫اهلل‬ ‫لدين‬ ‫المعز‬ – ‫المعز‬ ‫بن‬ ‫العزيز‬ – ‫اهلل‬ ‫بأمر‬ ‫الحاكم‬ – ‫الحاكم‬ ‫بن‬ ‫الظاهر‬ – ‫المستعلى‬ - ‫العاضد‬ . ‫األيوبية‬ ‫الدولة‬ : 1171 - 1250 ‫م‬ . ‫حكامها‬ ‫من‬ : ‫األيوبي‬ ‫الدين‬ ‫صالح‬ – ‫الدين‬ ‫صالح‬ ‫أخو‬ ‫العادل‬ – ‫الكامل‬ – ‫الثانى‬ ‫العادل‬ – ‫أيوب‬ ‫الصالح‬ . ‫البحرية‬ ‫المماليك‬ ‫دولة‬ : 1250 - 1382 ‫م‬ . ‫حكامها‬ ‫من‬ : ‫الدر‬ ‫شجر‬ – ‫إيبك‬ ‫الدين‬ ‫عز‬ – ‫بيبرس‬ ‫الظاهر‬ – ‫قالوون‬ ‫المنصور‬ – ‫خليل‬ ‫األشرف‬ – ‫قالو‬ ‫بن‬ ‫محمد‬ ‫الناصر‬ ‫ون‬ – ‫حسن‬ ‫السلطان‬ . ‫الجراكسه‬ ‫المماليك‬ ‫دولة‬ : 1382 - 1517 ‫م‬ . ‫حكامها‬ ‫من‬ : ‫برقوق‬ ‫السلطان‬ – ‫فرج‬ ‫السلطان‬ – ‫شيخ‬ ‫المؤيد‬ ‫السلطان‬ – ‫برسباى‬ ‫االشراف‬ – ‫قايتباى‬ – ‫الغ‬ ‫قنصوره‬ ‫ورى‬ . ‫اإلسالم‬ ‫دخول‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫ظهرت‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المصرية‬ ‫للعمارة‬ ‫التاريخي‬ ‫التسلسل‬
  • 42. 42 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Ordering Principles and spatial organization of Islamic architecture
  • 43. 43 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture GRID ORGANIZATIONS
  • 44. 44 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture CLUSTER ORGANIZATIONS Part of a market Imam Khomeini Tehran with a central organization
  • 45. 45 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Axis The Great Mosque of Xi'an ORDERING PRINCIPLES the location of 5 courtyards and the arrow direction point to Mecca.
  • 46. 46 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Axis Chinese Mosque ORDERING PRINCIPLES
  • 47. 47 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Axis ORDERING PRINCIPLES Water in Islamic Architecture. In Islam, water is seen as life-giving, sustaining, and purifying. ... One very particular type of Islamic garden related specifically to this concept is the so-called “Paradise Garden.” The word “paradise” comes from the Persian words pairi, meaning “around,” and daeza, meaning, “wall.” Courtyard of Mustansiriya Medical College (in Iraq) is an example of Abbasid Islamic architecture Alhambra
  • 48. 48 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Symmetry ORDERING PRINCIPLES Symmetric Taj Mahal Plan
  • 49. 49 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Symmetry ORDERING PRINCIPLES Symmetric Taj Mahal MASSED
  • 50. 50 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Symmetry ORDERING PRINCIPLES Floor plan of Malika Safiyya Mosque Floor plan of Edirne Selimiye Complex (1) mosque, (2) madrasa (hadith college), (3) madrasa (Koran recitation school), (4) elementary school, (5) bazaar (arasta).
  • 51. 51 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture REPETITION , Gulbarga, India, 1367 ORDERING PRINCIPLES
  • 52. 52 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture HIERARCHY ORDERING PRINCIPLES 1-frontage 2 - The 3-port 4-arch porch portico 6 5 corridor Tehran, entering the mosque - Motahari School Tehran, Imam Mosque gate
  • 53. 53 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture HIERARCHY ORDERING PRINCIPLES Plurality of spatial hierarchy pattern in the middle system in Isfahan and Kashan bazaars.
  • 54. 54 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture ORDERING PRINCIPLES HIERARCHY The Great Mosque of Djenné in the west African country of Mali
  • 55. 55 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture ORDERING PRINCIPLES Rhythm Rhythm leads the eye from one side of the room to the other Tinmel Mosque
  • 56. 56 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture ORDERING PRINCIPLES Rhythm Medina Azahara, Cördoba
  • 57. 57 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture ARCHITECTURE OF THE MOSQUES & CONTEMPORARY TRNDS GENERAL DISCUSSION…….
  • 58. 58 History of Islamic Architecture Islamic Architecture Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture ‫جامعا‬ ‫مسجد‬ ‫كل‬ ‫ليس‬ ‫ولكن‬ ‫مسجد‬ ‫هو‬ ‫جامع‬ ‫كل‬ ‫مسجدا‬ ‫مصلي‬ ‫كل‬ ‫ليس‬ ‫ولكن‬ ‫مصلي‬ ‫مسجد‬ ‫كل‬
  • 59. 59 History of Islamic Architecture IN CLASS Quiz Lecture 1 History of Islamic Architecture Identify three different Islamic Decorative Elements in this pictures ?????