This document discusses telecommunications, computer networks, and the internet. It describes basic network components like switches, hubs, routers, and modems. It explains technologies like packet switching, TCP/IP, and physical data transmission methods. It also defines different types of networks including LAN, MAN, WAN and describes the domain name system process of resolving domain names to IP addresses. Finally, it distinguishes intranets from extranets and describes virtual private networks.

1. Telecomm, Networks
&
the Internet

2. Trend in communication
• Telephones,
• Internet,
• Wi-fi,
• fiber optics,

3. Components of simple network:
1. Switch,
2. Hub,
3. Router,
4. Modem,
5. Cable Wirings,
6. Network Interface card,
7. Network Operating System.

4. Key-Digital Networking Technologies:
Client Server

5. Packet Switching

6. TCP/IP and Connectivity

7. Physical Transmission of Data
Twisted Pair:

8. Coaxial Cable:

9. Fiber Optics:

10. Wireless Transmission:

11. Types of Networks:
1. LAN (Local Area Network), CAN(Campus A N)
Less covering area,
Less transmission Speed,
Used for few numbers of autonomous computers,
Max Speed is 10Mbps.

12. 2. MAN (Metropolitan Area Networks)
More covering area than LAN,
Can connect different cities,

13. 3. WAN (Wide Area Networks)
covers entire world networks,
connects the continents and countries.

14. The DOMAIN name system:
• What Internet users use to reference anything
by name on the Internet
• The mechanism by which Internet software
translates names to addresses and vice versa
""
com edu gov in t m il net o rg
n o m in u m m e t a in f o b e r k e le y nwu n a to a rm y uu
w est e a st ww w
d a k o ta to rn a d o

15. The Resolution Process
• Let’s look at the resolution process step-by-
step:
annie.west.sprockets.com
ping www.nominum.com.

16. The Resolution Process
• The workstation XYZ asks its configured name
server, dakota, for www.nominum.com’s address
dakota.west.sprockets.com
What’s the IP address
of
www.nominum.com?
annie.west.sprockets.com
ping www.nominum.com.

17. The Resolution Process
• The name server dakota asks a root name server, m, for
www.nominum.com’s address
m.root-servers.net
dakota.west.sprockets.com
What’s the IP address
of
www.nominum.com?
annie.west.sprockets.com
ping www.nominum.com.

18. C
o
p
y
i
The Resolution Process
g
h • The root server m refers dakota to the com name servers
© • This type of response is called a “referral”
2
0
0
1, m.root-servers.net
N dakota.west.sprockets.com Here’s a list of the
o com name servers.
m Ask one of them.
n
u
m
n annie.west.sprockets.com
c. ping www.nominum.com.

19. C
o
p
y
i
The Resolution Process
g
h • The name server dakota asks a com name server,
© f, for www.nominum.com’s address
What’s the IP address
2 of
0 www.nominum.com?
0
1, m.root-servers.net
N dakota.west.sprockets.com
o
m
n
u
m
f.gtld-servers.net
n annie.west.sprockets.com
c. ping www.nominum.com.

20. C
o
p
y
i
The Resolution Process
g
h • The com name server f refers dakota to the
© nominum.com name servers
2 Here’s a list of the
nominum.com
0
name servers.
0 Ask one of them.
1, m.root-servers.net
N dakota.west.sprockets.com
o
m
n
u
m
f.gtld-servers.net
n annie.west.sprockets.com
c. ping www.nominum.com.

21. The Resolution Process
• The name server dakota asks an nominum.com name
server, ns1.sanjose, for www.nominum.com’s address
What’s the IP address
of
www.nominum.com?
m.root-servers.net
dakota.west.sprockets.com
ns1.sanjose.nominum.net
f.gtld-servers.net
annie.west.sprockets.com
ping www.nominum.com.

22. The Resolution Process
• The nominum.com name server ns1.sanjose
responds with www.nominum.com’s address
m.root-servers.net
dakota.west.sprockets.com
Here’s the IP ns1.sanjose.nominum.net
address for
www.nominum.com
f.gtld-servers.net
annie.west.sprockets.com
ping www.nominum.com.

23. The Resolution Process
• The name server dakota responds to annie with
www.nominum.com’s address
Here’s the IP
address for
www.nominum.com
m.root-servers.net
dakota.west.sprockets.com
ns1.sanjose.nominum.net
f.gtld-servers.net
annie.west.sprockets.com
ping www.nominum.com.

24. INTRANET vs. EXTRANET
Intranet: An intranet is a private network that is
contained within an enterprise. It may consist of
many interlinked local area networks.
Ranges up to some meters.
Ex: intercom in organization.

26. • Extranet: An extranet is a private network
that uses Internet technology and the public
telecommunication system to securely share
part of a business's information or operations
with suppliers, vendors, partners, customers,
or other businesses.

27. Virtual Private Networks:
• is a method of computer networking--typically
using the public internet--that allows users to
privately share information between remote
locations, or between a remote location and a
business' home network.