This document provides an overview of geo-DNS and how it works. Geo-DNS allows DNS servers to return different IP addresses for a domain based on the geographic location of the requester. It works by DNS servers checking the requester's location using geoIP databases and returning the corresponding IP address based on the requester's assigned host group. The document describes the basic DNS process and how geo-DNS integrates location data to dynamically route requests to different IP addresses for a domain based on the requester's location.

1. GEO-DNS

2. WHAT WILL WE SEE NOW
• brief description about dns and geodns
• some related key terms
• types of dns server
• existing geo-dns server
• how dns works
• how geo-dns works
• geo-dns with edns support

3. WHAT IS DNS???
• Akronyme– stands for Domain Name System
• Translates name into number–
• Why needed?-
• simple, you can't memorize millions of trillions of IP addresses,but he surely can!!!
DNS
1.2.3.4
www.example.com

4. WHAT IS GEO-DNS THEN???
• A DNS that responses differently for different requester
• responses differs based on geological location
• Seriously!!! How???
• :) we will see!!!
Geo-DNS
1.2.3.4
www.example.com
Geo-DNS
5.6.7.8
www.example.com
Requester_1
Requester_2

5. DOMAIN NAME – ANATOMY
xyz.example.com
TLD
Requested
hostname
xyz.example.com
Domain name
xyz.example.com
FQDN

6. RECURSIVE DNS
Local
DNS
Root
name
server
Autho
ritativ
e
name
server
Interm
ediate
name
server

7. ITERATIVE DNS
Local
DNS
Root
name
server
Autho
ritativ
e
name
server
Interm
ediate
name
server

8. DNS NAMESPACE HIERARCHY
root
.com.arpa .org.edu .gov .int .mil .net
… .bd .in …TLD
example.comSLD
www.example.comhostname

9. ROOT SERVERS
• 13 root servers(A to M)
• root servers and their IP addresses with operating company and used software
• root servers in a visual map

10. TOP LEVEL DOMAIN
• Highest level of the domain names in the root zones
• Some instances:
TLD description
.com Commercial organizations
.edu Post-secondary
educational
establishments
.gov Government entities
.org For organizations
.net Network infrastructure

11. ZONES AND DELEGATIONS
• Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Domain_Name_System
• zones and delegations

12. DNSWORK FLOW - PROCESSINGA SINGLE DNS REQUEST
Local
DNS
www. example. com.
.
Autho
ritativ
e
name
server
.com
www.example. com. www.example.com.
IP of ns. example. com
2.2.2.2
3.3.3.3
3.3.3.3

13. GEO-DNSWORK FLOW - PROCESSINGA SINGLE DNS REQUEST CONSIDERING
GEO-LOCATION
Local
DNS
IP of www.example.com
1.2.3.*

14. LIST OF EXISTING GEO-DNS
• Amazon Route 53
• CDNetworks
• CloudFlare
• Dyn
• easyDNS
• Google Cloud DNS
• Verisign Managed DNS
• src: List of Managed DNS

15. GEO-DNSWORK FLOW - PROCESSINGA SINGLE DNS REQUEST CONSIDERING
GEO-LOCATION
Local
DNS
Authorit
ative
name
server
www.example.com.
geoip
database
Host_group and
IP Lookup
database
www.example. com.
3.3.3.3

16. GEO-DNSWORK FLOW - PROCESSINGA SINGLE DNS REQUEST CONSIDERING
GEO-LOCATION
Local
DNS
Authorit
ative
name
server
www.example.com
geoip
database
Host_group and
IP Lookup
database
www.example. com.
3.3.3.3

17. GEO-DNSWORK FLOW - PROCESSINGA SINGLE DNS REQUEST CONSIDERING
GEO-LOCATION
Local
DNS
Authorit
ative
name
server
www.example.com
geoip
database
Host_group and
IP Lookup
database
www.example. com.
3.3.3.4

18. GEO-DNSWORK FLOWWITH EDNS SUPPORT
Local
DNS
Authorit
ative
name
server
www.example.com, Referral IP
geoip
database
Host_group and
IP Lookup
database
www.example. com.
3.3.3.3

19. SOME QUICK TOURS
• RFC-1034
• RFC-1035
• How a dns request is processed byVerisign
• DNS Explained
• Head First Networking: Chapter-8[Names to Numbers]
• RFC-6891
• RFC-2671