Ch. 5 Sec. 3 Expansion of Europe
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The document discusses the Crusades from the 11th-13th centuries. It provides details on: - Pope Urban II's call for the Crusades in 1095 in response to the Seljuk Turks cutting off access to Jerusalem. The first Crusade regained control of Jerusalem but other Crusades were unsuccessful. - The motives for the Crusades included expanding the Roman Church's influence, and gaining wealth and land for nobles and merchants. - The results of the Crusades included thousands of deaths, the Holy Land eventually being lost again to Muslims, and the spread of knowledge and technology from Muslims and the Byzantine Empire to Europe.
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The document summarizes the expansion of Europe through the Crusades in the 11th-13th centuries. The Crusades were launched by the Roman Church to regain control of Jerusalem from the Seljuk Turks, though they also helped expand the Church's influence and provided nobles and merchants opportunities for wealth. The Crusades ultimately failed to maintain control of the Holy Land long-term but introduced new technologies and knowledge from the Muslim world back to Europe, fueling economic growth.
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The document summarizes the expansion of Europe through the Crusades in the 11th-13th centuries. The Crusades were launched by the Roman Church to regain control of Jerusalem from the Seljuk Turks, though they also helped expand the Church's influence and provided nobles and merchants opportunities for wealth. The Crusades ultimately failed to maintain control of the Holy Land long-term but introduced new technologies and knowledge from the Muslim world back to Europe, fueling economic growth.
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The document summarizes the Crusades and their impact. It discusses that the Crusades were launched by the Pope in 1095 in response to Muslim control over Jerusalem. The first Crusade succeeded in gaining control over some land but it was lost. Later Crusades failed and instead attacked Muslims and others with differing religious doctrines. The Crusades benefited the Roman Church by expanding its influence, nobles through wealth and land gains, and merchants through profitable transport of supplies. The Crusades resulted in many deaths but also spread knowledge and technology from Muslims to Europe and increased trade and development of new classes.
Ch 5 Sec 3 "Expansion of Europe"
The document summarizes the Crusades and their impact. It discusses that the Crusades were launched by the Pope in 1095 in response to Muslim control over Jerusalem. The first Crusade succeeded in gaining control over some land but it was lost. Later Crusades failed and instead attacked Muslims and others with differing religious doctrines. The Crusades benefited the Roman Church through expanded influence, nobles through wealth and land gains, and merchants through profitable supply deliveries. The Crusades resulted in many deaths but also spread knowledge and technology from Muslims to Europe and increased trade and development of new social classes in places like England.
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3) Western Europe saw improvements to farming, growth of trade/cities, and the rise of universities which contributed to prosperity and the development of nations like England and France with some democratic traditions evolving.
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The Crusades were a series of military expeditions launched by European Christians in the 11th through 13th centuries to recapture the Holy Land from Muslim rule. The Crusades began in 1095 when Pope Urban II preached the First Crusade in response to the increased persecution of Christians in Jerusalem. The First Crusade succeeded in capturing Jerusalem in 1099 and established the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. The Crusades had significant effects on Europe such as increasing cultural exposure and weakening feudalism by strengthening royal authority. Religious military orders also formed to defend the holy sites in the holy land.
The rise of europe
1. During the Early Middle Ages in Europe, the fall of Rome led to a lack of centralized power and the Catholic Church remained one of the only remnants of Rome in the West.
2. Groups like the Vikings invaded and peasants sought protection from warriors, leading to the rise of a warrior aristocracy and eventually kings who developed feudalism.
3. Under feudalism, peasants were bound as serfs to manors, which were largely self-sufficient economic units where peasants had to fulfill obligations to lords in exchange for land.
Euro expansion, etc 1450 1750
Between 1450-1750, Europeans began extensively exploring, trading, conquering, and colonizing other parts of the world. This was enabled by technological improvements in navigation instruments and ship designs, as well as motivations for profit and spreading Christianity. Key events included Portuguese exploration along the African coast beginning in 1415, Columbus reaching the Americas in 1492, and Vasco de Gama sailing around Africa to India between 1497-1498. Europeans began establishing political and economic control in Asia, Africa and the Americas, significantly influencing societies in the latter through conquest and slave labor. This era marked the beginning of globalization and the world shrinking through the increased exchange of goods, crops, livestock and diseases between hemispheres.
The middle colonies
The middle colonies consisted of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. New York was founded by the Dutch for trade, while Delaware was founded by the Swedes also for trade. New Jersey was given as a gift to Carteret and Berkley, and Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn as a place for Quakers to live and practice their religion freely. The economies of the middle colonies centered around cash crops, trade, shipbuilding, and fishing.
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The document discusses the growth of Protestantism in Europe during the Reformation, including the establishment of new Protestant sects and the English Reformation under King Henry VIII. It also summarizes the Catholic Counter-Reformation including reforms enacted by the Council of Trent, the strengthening of the Inquisition, and the founding of the Jesuit order. Persecution of religious minorities like Jews increased as tensions rose between Catholic and Protestant groups in Europe.
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European powers expanded their global influence between 1450-1750 due to a desire for trade, resources, and spreading Christianity. Portugal pioneered exploration down the coast of Africa in search of routes to Asia following Marco Polo's accounts of the East. Christopher Columbus' voyages for Spain in 1492 opened up European settlement and colonization of the Americas, though indigenous peoples had long inhabited the lands. Spain and Portugal raced to establish colonial empires in the Americas and Asia, while other powers like England, France, and the Netherlands soon followed to establish North American colonies focused on fur trading and other economic activities. By the 1600s, European colonial holdings had been established across large parts of Africa, Asia, North America, and South America
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The document discusses the Crusades that took place between 1096 and 1291 CE. It describes how the Crusades were launched in response to the Muslim conquest of the Holy Land and threats to the Byzantine Empire. The First Crusade succeeded in taking Jerusalem but most later Crusades failed to achieve their goals. The Crusades had major economic, political, and social impacts in Europe and the Middle East, including increasing trade, changing the balance of power among nobles in Europe, and making Christians more intolerant of non-Christians.
Byzantine Empire Notes
The Byzantine Empire grew to become a powerful and influential empire with its capital of Constantinople, which was well protected and situated on a natural harbor. Constantinople became a thriving cultural and economic center as a crossroads of trade between Europe, Asia, and Africa. Under Emperor Justinian in the 6th century, the Byzantine Empire reached its greatest extent as he recodified Roman law and had the general Belisarius expand the empire's territories, though this also led to a schism between the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches. Byzantine culture preserved Greek and Roman learning and influenced neighboring Slavic peoples. The empire eventually declined as it faced numerous invasions, falling to the Ottoman Turks in 1453
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European explorers between 1400-1800 established global networks of trade, communication, and transportation using new technologies like the compass, sail designs, and understanding of winds and currents. Their motives included spreading Christianity, finding wealth through trade of gold and other goods, and glory from discovery. Major explorers included Columbus, da Gama, Balboa, and Magellan. Portugal and Spain conquered much of Asia and the Americas, while the Dutch and English later established their own Asian trading posts. Global diseases spread from the mixing of populations in the Americas reduced native populations severely. By 1800, global trade networks had increased the world population to 800 million.
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When the Crusades ended in 1192, Richard I of England and Salah al-Din signed a treaty allowing Muslims to keep cities near Palestine and Christians access to Jerusalem. Further Crusades occurred in 1212 and an unsuccessful Children's Crusade was led by peasant children. Meanwhile, the Reconquista involved the battle for control of the Iberian Peninsula between Christians and Muslims, with Muslims gradually losing more land. In the 1400s, Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand unified Spain as Catholic through the Inquisition, harshly persecuting converted Muslims and Jews, burning thousands at the stake. After the Crusades, the Mongols also invaded Muslim lands led by Genghis Khan, defeating the Sel
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Staffordshire hoard & mercian trail presentation lga conference 31 march 2010
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The document summarizes the Crusades and their impact. It discusses that the Crusades were launched by the Pope in 1095 in response to Muslim control over Jerusalem. The first Crusade succeeded in gaining control over some land but it was lost. Later Crusades failed and instead attacked Muslims and others with differing religious doctrines. The Crusades benefited the Roman Church by expanding its influence, nobles through wealth and land gains, and merchants through profitable transport of supplies. The Crusades resulted in many deaths but also spread knowledge and technology from Muslims to Europe and increased trade and development of new classes.
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The 4th Crusade was led by crusaders who had promised to help Alexios Angelos regain the Byzantine throne from his uncle. However, after placing Alexios on the throne, he was unable to pay the crusaders as promised. When Alexios was later overthrown and killed, the crusaders instead sacked Constantinople in 1204, destroying the city and stealing treasures. Without achieving their goal of retaking Jerusalem, the crusaders then returned to Europe. The Crusades led to both cultural exchange between Europe and the Middle East, as well as growing anti-Semitism in Europe.
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The document provides background information on the Crusades between 1073-1269. It describes how the Roman Catholic Church was the dominant religion in Europe and the Pope was very powerful. Tensions arose over control of Jerusalem, which was an important religious site for Christians, Muslims, and Jews. In 1095, Pope Urban II launched the First Crusade after the Byzantine Emperor requested assistance against Muslim attacks. The goal was to retake Jerusalem for Christianity. Approximately 30,000 men from Western Europe embarked on the First Crusade, which succeeded in capturing Jerusalem in 1099. Subsequent Crusades were launched over the following centuries to defend or regain control of the Holy Land.
14.1 church reform and the crusades (1)
The document summarizes the Catholic Church reforms and Crusades between the 900s and 1400s. It describes how monastic reforms strengthened the Church's power and new religious orders formed. Problems like corruption prompted reformers. The Crusades launched to retake Jerusalem from Muslims, with the first capturing it in 1099. Later Crusades had varying successes, and the spirit eventually dwindled as failures mounted. The document outlines several Crusades and their outcomes.
Chapter14
The document provides an overview of developments in Western Europe between 800-1500 CE. It is divided into 4 sections that discuss: 1) Church reform and the Crusades, 2) Changes in medieval society as the feudal system declined, 3) The development of England and France into nations with democratic traditions, and 4) The Hundred Years' War and the plague in the 1300s. The document contains maps, charts and images to accompany the textual summaries of significant political, economic, social, and religious transformations during this period.
Chapter 9 notes
Spain was influenced to support Columbus's voyage by a desire to convert people to Christianity and find wealth, especially gold, to finance wars and strengthen the Spanish economy. Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand expelled Jews and Muslims from Spain and wanted to spread Catholicism globally to "save souls." Columbus made four voyages with increasingly larger fleets and instructions to establish permanent colonies, hoping to find riches like gold in the Americas.
Ap european units 1&2 review middle ages
The document summarizes key developments in medieval Europe, including the rise of feudalism and manorialism, the growth of towns and trade, the role of the Catholic Church and papacy, and major events like the Crusades and the Black Death pandemic. It provides timelines of major political, economic, and social changes from the fall of Rome to 1300 CE.
Chapter 14
The document provides an overview of developments in Western Europe between 800-1500 CE. It covers major events such as the Crusades, reforms within the Catholic Church, the rise of kingdoms in England and France, and the devastating impact of the plague. Specifically, it discusses how the Crusades helped expand trade and spread new ideas from the Middle East back to Europe. It also notes that England and France began establishing democratic traditions through institutions like the Magna Carta and Estates-General.
Europe During The Middle Ages
1) During the Middle Ages, Europe was dominated by feudalism following the fall of the Roman Empire. Feudalism organized society into a hierarchy with lords controlling land and vassals providing military service in exchange for land.
2) Vikings from Scandinavia explored Europe and even established a short-lived settlement in North America around 1000 AD. The Catholic Church was the center of religious and social life across Europe during this time.
3) International trade expanded between 600-1400 AD. The spread of Islam connected Africa, Asia, and Europe. The Silk Road enabled trade between China and the Mediterranean. African kingdoms like Ghana and Mali grew wealthy through the gold and salt trades.
The crusades!
The document discusses the Crusades, which were military expeditions initiated by the Catholic Church between the 11th and 13th centuries with the goal of recovering the Holy Lands from Muslim rule. The Crusades occurred across several centuries and involved complex religious, economic, and political motivations. The First Crusade succeeded in capturing Jerusalem in 1099, but the subsequent Crusades failed to achieve long-term territorial gains and largely drained resources while increasing antagonism between Western Christians and Muslims in the East. The Fourth Crusade notably resulted in the sacking of Constantinople by Western crusaders in 1204, weakening the Byzantine Empire.
The middle ages
The document summarizes several key aspects of life in medieval Europe during the Middle Ages, including the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the rise of the Byzantine Empire; the development of feudalism and manorialism; the power and influence of the Catholic Church; major events like the Crusades, Black Death, and Hundred Years War; and the introduction of new ideas, technologies, and crops from other parts of the world.
Ap ch 16
1. The Protestant Reformation began in the early 16th century led by Martin Luther and John Calvin, challenging Catholic Church practices.
2. Scientific advances like Copernicus' sun-centered model and Newton's law of gravity led to challenges of traditional religious views of the natural world.
3. Many European states consolidated political power during this period, developing absolutist styles of rule, while religious conflicts continued.
The Middle Ages
During the Medieval period in Europe from 500-1400 AD:
1. The fall of the Western Roman Empire led to disruption of trade, the downfall of cities, and a population shift to the countryside as people turned to the Church for stability and order.
2. Feudalism and the manorial system provided a social and economic structure where lords granted land to vassals who provided military and labor services in return.
3. The Crusades were a series of religious wars called by the Pope starting in 1095 in response to Muslim conquests. They temporarily resulted in Christian control of Jerusalem but ultimately failed to retain the Holy Land.
Medieval Europe Lesson 5 - The Crusades
Pope Urban II called for the Crusades in 1095 to help defend Christian pilgrims in the Holy Land and prevent the Muslim Turks from conquering the Byzantine Empire. The Crusades lasted nearly 200 years and resulted in the establishment of four Christian kingdoms after the success of the First Crusade in capturing Jerusalem. However, the Muslims would later recapture the lands. The Crusades failed in their long-term goals but partly succeeded in slowing the expansion of Islam into Europe. They also weakened feudal systems as lords spent money and lives, increased trade between Europe and the East, and caused some to question the Pope's power as the Crusades ultimately failed.
Chp 14.1 crusades
The document discusses the Crusades between the 11th and 13th centuries. It provides background on the role of the Church in Europe and the Muslim conquest of Palestine in the 7th century. Tensions increased as Christian pilgrims faced intolerance. In 1095, Pope Urban II called for the First Crusade to retake Jerusalem and help the Byzantine Empire. Thousands of Europeans joined the Crusades for promises of salvation or wealth. The Crusades had short term effects like temporary land gains but weakened the pope's power in the long run. Europeans were exposed to Arab knowledge and culture.
Power point introduction to europe’s history
The document provides an overview of European history from ancient Greece to the Protestant Reformation. It discusses the Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta. It then covers the expansion of Alexander the Great's empire, the rise of the Roman Republic and Empire, and the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The document also summarizes the Middle Ages under the feudal system, the Crusades, the Black Plague, the Renaissance, and the Protestant Reformation led by Martin Luther.
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Ch. 3 Sec. 3 Growth In Trade
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Ch. 2 Sec. 2 The Spread of Islam
The document discusses how Islam spread from the 7th century. The Byzantine and Sassanid Empires had weakened after 200 years of conflict, leaving societies tired of heavy taxation and diverse populations with little unity. This allowed Arab Muslims to establish control over vast lands. Initially, Muslims tolerated other religions if they paid a tax, though this changed after the Crusades and adopting the rule that converting from Islam was punishable by death.
Ch. 1 Sec. 1 The Beginnings
The document summarizes the origins of the human race according to Genesis. It describes how God created the world in 6 days and created man in his image to rule over the earth. It discusses how Adam and Eve were the first humans, but they sinned by eating the forbidden fruit which twisted human civilization. It then covers major biblical figures and events like Cain and Abel, the Great Flood in Noah's time, the Tower of Babel, and the resulting formation of nations and languages.
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The document summarizes the history of Israel, beginning with Abraham and his descendants. It outlines the major covenants God made with Abraham, the Israelites at Mount Sinai, David, and the new covenant. The Abrahamic Covenant promised that Abraham's descendants would become a great nation, possess the land of Canaan, bless all nations, and that his seed would bring blessing. The Mosaic Covenant established the Israelites as God's special nation if they obeyed his laws and demanded monotheism. The Davidic Covenant promised David's dynasty would last forever through a future ideal king or Messiah.
Ch. 1 Sec. 3 The Coming
This document summarizes the key events and figures in the origins and spread of Christianity from Jesus to the 5th century AD. It describes Jesus and his teachings, the establishment of the New Covenant, the spread of Christianity by the apostles and Paul, Roman persecutions of Christians under Nero and Diocletian, the conversion and policies of Emperor Constantine which legalized Christianity, and the writings of Augustine asserting that God's kingdom is eternal unlike earthly empires.
Ch. 19 Sec. 1 Following WWII
After WWII, Europe and Asia underwent significant changes - Germany and Berlin were divided between the Western allies and Soviet Union, while the US took sole responsibility for rebuilding Japan and establishing a new constitution with Douglas MacArthur's supervision. The Cold War emerged between the capitalist West led by the US and the communist East led by the Soviet Union, which was expanding its sphere of influence and led countries to live under the Iron Curtain. When the Soviet Union blocked land access to West Berlin, the US airlifted food and supplies for over 300 days, and later the Korean War broke out as North Korea invaded South Korea, drawing in the US under Douglas MacArthur's command until a ceasefire was reached along the 38th Parallel dividing line.
Ch. 19 Sec 2 Democracy vs Communism
The US became involved in Vietnam due to fears that if South Vietnam fell to communism, other Southeast Asian countries would follow suit under the "domino theory." While initially sending advisors, the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution allowed the US to take military action. However, the US struggled against opponents in Vietnam due to jungle terrain and lack of clear targets, as well as growing dissent at home. The Tet Offensive of 1968 was a major surprise attack that turned US public opinion against the war, leading to the Vietnamization policy of gradually withdrawing troops while continuing support for South Vietnam.
Ch 18 Sec 1 World War II
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Ch 18 Sec 2 European Theater
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World War I was caused by militarism, imperialism, and a system of rival alliances between European powers. Countries had built up large militaries and still sought to expand their territories abroad. This caused tensions that were further exacerbated by networks of alliances like the Triple Entente between Britain, France, and Russia, and the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. The immediate trigger of WWI was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary, leading Germany to declare war on Russia and the outbreak of fighting among most European nations.
Ch. 17 Sec. 2 WWI
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Ch. 17 Sec. 3 and 4 After the War
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Ch. 17 Sec. 5 The Great Depression
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Russian Revolution
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Ch. 14 Sec. 1 "Reform in Western Culture"
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Ch. 14 Sec. 2 "Changes in Culture and Education"
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Ch. 5 Sec. 3 Expansion of Europe
- 2. Crusades • The Seljuk Turks cut off access to Jerusalem during the 11th century • Pope Urban II called for the Crusades in 1095 • The first crusade was successful and gained control of a narrow strip of land for a short period. • Other crusades were unsuccessful and were ended in the 13th century
- 3. • The Roman Church then changed the mission of the crusades. – Now they attacked the Muslims and anyone that taught different doctrines than the Roman Church were killed
- 4. What were the Motives of the Crusades? • ROMAN CHURCH – Created an opportunity to expand its influence • NOBLES – An opportunity for gaining wealth and land • MERCHANTS – A source of great wealth as they delivered armies and supplies and returned which shiploads of treasures to sell
- 5. What were the results of the Crusades? 1. The deaths of many thousands of fighters and civilians 2. Europeans were unable to maintain their hold on the Holy Land 3. The knowledge of the Muslims and Byzantine Empire found its way to England 4. Developed a middle class due to the increased trade 5. Manufacturing methods used by Muslims were brought back to England
- 6. Medieval Technology in England • England was better known for finding new ways to use technology rather than inventing new tools or devices. • Horse collar, water mills, Arabic numerals, windmills, compass, cannon, crossbow and armor
- 7. • Invented the mechanical clock • Invented spectacles (glasses)
- 8. Money • Increase in trade led to a money economy • Every town had its own money. • Led to development of moneychangers – They knew the value of coins and exchanged money • Banks also developed
- 9. • Money lending also developed • Banks also issued letters of credit – Allowed a merchant to travel without large sums of money on him
- 10. Ch. 5 Sec. 3 Discussion Question • What is wrong with the belief that one can have his sins forgiven by going on a crusade (or pilgrimage)?
Editor's Notes
- Trade – increase in trade was tremendous…farmers and others sold their excess produce and other goods for money They bought their freedom and moved to towns
- Merchants that traveled had to use many different kinds of money Bank comes from word banca meaning “bench” moneychangers and early bankers sat on benches and people referred to doing banking business as “goin to the bench”
- He would give money to the bank and he would give him a letter of credit…when he got where he was going, he would give the letter to the bank and get his money.