Ch. 3 Sec. 1 African Culture
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In traditional African societies: 1. The main crops grown were grains like millet, sorghum and maize in the savannah grasslands, and cotton and watermelon in the Sahel region between the Sahara desert and savannah. 2. Livestock like sheep, goats and cattle were raised but seldom killed since killing an animal represented a loss of wealth. 3. Large families with many children through polygamy were valued as they provided security, skills and increased wealth and honor for the family and clan.
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The document summarizes key aspects of life in Africa including:
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- Livestock like cattle, sheep and goats were important forms of wealth that were seldom killed to avoid loss.
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The major ethnic groups in Africa include the Akan, Bambara, Baoule, etc. The main religious groups are Christianity, Islam, and traditional beliefs. Ethnic groups share language, physical features, culture and traditions, while religious groups share common belief systems, traditions and customs. Both involve grouping based on shared identities or practices.
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Ch 3 sec 1
The document summarizes key aspects of life in Africa including:
- Crops grown depended on the region, with grains in the savannah and cotton/watermelon in the Sahel region.
- Livestock like cattle, sheep and goats were important forms of wealth that were seldom killed to avoid loss.
- Large families with many children and wives were valued as they provided security, skills and increased wealth/honor for the family.
- Society was organized into clans led by elders and tribes comprised of shared language, beliefs and customs.
- Religions included belief in a supreme being, lesser gods, and animism where spirits inhabited objects and were offered sacrifices. Islam also
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Arabs first arrived in Egypt in the late 600s AD and spread across northern Africa, establishing the majority in areas along the Mediterranean and East Coast. They introduced Islam but some remain Christian.
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Africa is home to a variety of crops, livestock, and cultural practices. Savannah regions grow grains like millet, sorghum, and maize while the Sahel region closer to the Sahara grows cotton and watermelon. Livestock like cattle, goats, and sheep are raised but seldom killed since animals represent wealth. Large families with many children were valued as they provided security, wisdom, and increased wealth and honor for the family and clan. Religion incorporates belief in a Supreme Being as well as lesser gods and spirits that inhabit objects, and animism involves offering sacrifices to spirits for blessings. Islam arrived through trade caravans and slaves brought from Southeast Asia.
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Africa is home to a variety of crops, livestock, and cultural practices. Savannah regions grow grains like millet, sorghum, and maize while the Sahel region closer to the Sahara grows cotton and watermelon. Livestock like cattle, goats, and sheep are raised but seldom killed since animals represent wealth. Large families with many children are valued as they provide security, wisdom, and increase wealth and honor for the family and clan. Religion incorporates belief in a Supreme Being as well as lesser gods and spirits that inhabit objects, and sacrifices are made to receive blessings. Islam arrived through trade caravans and slaves brought from Southeast Asia.
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3) The powerful Persian Empire dominated a vast region from 500 BCE onward. It was tolerant of other religions and established an infrastructure like roads that contributed to its
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This document discusses strategies for profitably marketing meat goats and sheep. It outlines that profit is calculated as income minus costs. Ways to increase profit include reducing costs through efficiency and increasing income through higher quality or quantity of animals sold or higher prices. Current high meat prices are due to low domestic supply and strong demand, especially from ethnic groups. The main ethnic consumer groups for goat and lamb are identified. Marketing strategies like knowing ethnic holidays and slaughter preferences can help target these ethnic markets. Wholesale and retail marketing approaches are compared.Early migrations bantu, indo europeans, austronesians
Answer the questions about this video - due on Tuesday and Wednesday, September 16 and 17. Use Ink / Type. Directly answer the questions that are asked, and support.
Teacher Notes MODULE 1.pptx
The document provides an overview of American history from ancient societies in the Americas to European colonization. It is divided into 5 lessons:
1) Societies of the Americas to 1492 - Diverse native cultures developed across North and South America, with some forming complex civilizations and empires.
2) West African Societies Around 1492 - Powerful kingdoms like Songhai, Benin, and Kongo flourished in West Africa and traded extensively prior to European contact.
3) European Societies Around 1492 - Developments in western Europe led to the Age of Exploration, as nations like Portugal and Spain sought new trade routes and wealth overseas.
4) Transatlantic Encounters -
TSI culture
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Ch. 3 Sec. 3 Growth In Trade
The document discusses trade in East Africa along the African trade cycle route. Cities developed along this route to protect trade and Swahili developed as a trade language that was a mix of different languages. It also discusses Zimbabwe, which means great house of stone and thrived on exporting goods like gold, slaves and ivory. The Great Enclosure was Zimbabwe's most famous stone structure before it was abandoned in the 1450s.
Ch. 2 Sec. 2 The Spread of Islam
The document discusses how Islam spread from the 7th century. The Byzantine and Sassanid Empires had weakened after 200 years of conflict, leaving societies tired of heavy taxation and diverse populations with little unity. This allowed Arab Muslims to establish control over vast lands. Initially, Muslims tolerated other religions if they paid a tax, though this changed after the Crusades and adopting the rule that converting from Islam was punishable by death.
Ch. 1 Sec. 1 The Beginnings
The document summarizes the origins of the human race according to Genesis. It describes how God created the world in 6 days and created man in his image to rule over the earth. It discusses how Adam and Eve were the first humans, but they sinned by eating the forbidden fruit which twisted human civilization. It then covers major biblical figures and events like Cain and Abel, the Great Flood in Noah's time, the Tower of Babel, and the resulting formation of nations and languages.
Ch. 1 Sec. 2 The History of Israel
The document summarizes the history of Israel, beginning with Abraham and his descendants. It outlines the major covenants God made with Abraham, the Israelites at Mount Sinai, David, and the new covenant. The Abrahamic Covenant promised that Abraham's descendants would become a great nation, possess the land of Canaan, bless all nations, and that his seed would bring blessing. The Mosaic Covenant established the Israelites as God's special nation if they obeyed his laws and demanded monotheism. The Davidic Covenant promised David's dynasty would last forever through a future ideal king or Messiah.
Ch. 1 Sec. 3 The Coming
This document summarizes the key events and figures in the origins and spread of Christianity from Jesus to the 5th century AD. It describes Jesus and his teachings, the establishment of the New Covenant, the spread of Christianity by the apostles and Paul, Roman persecutions of Christians under Nero and Diocletian, the conversion and policies of Emperor Constantine which legalized Christianity, and the writings of Augustine asserting that God's kingdom is eternal unlike earthly empires.
Ch. 19 Sec. 1 Following WWII
After WWII, Europe and Asia underwent significant changes - Germany and Berlin were divided between the Western allies and Soviet Union, while the US took sole responsibility for rebuilding Japan and establishing a new constitution with Douglas MacArthur's supervision. The Cold War emerged between the capitalist West led by the US and the communist East led by the Soviet Union, which was expanding its sphere of influence and led countries to live under the Iron Curtain. When the Soviet Union blocked land access to West Berlin, the US airlifted food and supplies for over 300 days, and later the Korean War broke out as North Korea invaded South Korea, drawing in the US under Douglas MacArthur's command until a ceasefire was reached along the 38th Parallel dividing line.
Ch. 19 Sec 2 Democracy vs Communism
The US became involved in Vietnam due to fears that if South Vietnam fell to communism, other Southeast Asian countries would follow suit under the "domino theory." While initially sending advisors, the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution allowed the US to take military action. However, the US struggled against opponents in Vietnam due to jungle terrain and lack of clear targets, as well as growing dissent at home. The Tet Offensive of 1968 was a major surprise attack that turned US public opinion against the war, leading to the Vietnamization policy of gradually withdrawing troops while continuing support for South Vietnam.
Ch 18 Sec 1 World War II
The key causes of WWII were the rise of dictators like Hitler in Germany, Mussolini in Italy, and Hirohito in Japan. Germany's economy was ruined after harsh treatment following WWI, including huge reparation payments. Countries were increasingly aggressive in expanding their borders, which the weak League of Nations struggled to address. Germany openly disregarded the Treaty of Versailles and remilitarized the Rhineland. Hitler's invasion of Poland in 1939 marked the official start of WWII in Europe, while Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor drew the U.S. into the war in 1941.
Ch 18 Sec 2 European Theater
Germany attacked France and cornered Allied forces at Dunkirk, but bad weather allowed the British navy to rescue troops across the English Channel. Germany then bombed Britain for over 3 months but failed to break the Royal Air Force. Hitler invaded the Soviet Union to seize its resources but faced scorched earth tactics, and later turned his attention to the Pacific by attacking islands like the Philippines. Several key events turned the tide of war, including Germany fighting on two fronts after invading the USSR, the US entering the war after Japan's attack, Italy surrendering following the Allied invasion of Sicily, and the Allied D-Day invasion of France leading ultimately to Germany's defeat on V-E Day in 1945, after which the US dropped atomic
Ch. 17 Sec. 1 Prelude to WWI
World War I was caused by militarism, imperialism, and a system of rival alliances between European powers. Countries had built up large militaries and still sought to expand their territories abroad. This caused tensions that were further exacerbated by networks of alliances like the Triple Entente between Britain, France, and Russia, and the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. The immediate trigger of WWI was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary, leading Germany to declare war on Russia and the outbreak of fighting among most European nations.
Ch. 17 Sec. 2 WWI
Germany's Schlieffen Plan to quickly defeat France by invading through Belgium backfired when Belgium resisted and Britain joined the war in support of the Allies. This led to stalemate as massive casualties mounted on both sides without major gains, resulting in trench warfare with both sides developing new weapons like tanks, poison gas, zeppelins and airplanes. The war became a total war effort by all countries as it dragged on for years until the US entry in 1917 and a German-supported Bolshevik revolution in Russia reduced enemies for Germany, leading to the Treaty of Versailles ending the war that blamed and punished Germany.
Ch. 17 Sec. 3 and 4 After the War
After World War 1, several dictators rose to power in Russia, Germany, and Italy. In Russia, Vladimir Lenin led the Bolsheviks and became dictator after the execution of Czar Nicholas II. In Germany, Adolf Hitler led the Nazi party and declared himself dictator after gaining power. In Italy, Benito Mussolini led the Fascist party and was appointed leader after marching on Rome. These dictators consolidated their control and rebuilt their militaries, undermining the peace efforts of the League of Nations and other post-WW1 agreements.
Ch. 17 Sec. 5 The Great Depression
The Great Depression was caused by the financial devastation of World War I, with the US loaning money to allies who did not repay, the failure of the Federal Reserve to control interest rates, and the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act raising prices of foreign goods and reducing US exports. This led to about 1/3 of the workforce becoming unemployed even as Hoover and later FDR created numerous government programs to stimulate the economy and help the unemployed in the face of the crisis.
Russian Revolution
The document summarizes Russian history from Catherine the Great's rule in the late 18th century through the reign of Nicholas II in the early 20th century. It describes Russia's harsh climate and serf-based agricultural system. It notes key events like Catherine expanding Russia's territory, Alexander II abolishing serfdom but not providing land for freed serfs, and Alexander III and Nicholas II cracking down on dissent through censorship, persecution, and pogroms against threatening groups. Napoleon's 1812 invasion of Russia is also summarized, where the Russian winter and scorched earth tactics helped defeat the French armies.
Ch. 14 Vocabulary
This document lists 10 vocabulary terms: socialism, proletariat, bourgeoisie, communism, Corn Laws, Parliament Bill of 1911, anti-Semitism, pasteurization, romanticism, and realism. These terms relate to political and economic systems, social classes, laws and government, science, and artistic movements from history.
Ch. 14 Sec. 1 "Reform in Western Culture"
This document summarizes various social reforms that occurred in Western culture between the 19th and early 20th centuries. It discusses the rise of socialism and Marxism, which advocated for public ownership and a classless society. It also outlines women's suffrage and temperance movements that aimed to give women the right to vote and reduce alcohol consumption. Finally, it provides details on reforms in Britain that expanded voting rights and increased the power of the House of Commons, as well as rising anti-Semitism in Europe during the Dreyfus Affair in France.
Ch. 14 Sec. 2 "Changes in Culture and Education"
Romanticism emphasized emotion over reason and often depicted peaceful rural scenes, while Realism sought to portray life realistically, including the negative aspects of industrialization in works by Charles Dickens and Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace. Education reforms occurred across Europe in the 1800s, with Britain establishing Sunday schools and building public schools, Germany requiring primary education for all children, and France's Jules Ferry forming a system mandating attendance until age 15 under one of Europe's finest systems.
Ch. 14 Sec. 3 Science and Technology
This document summarizes the contributions of several important scientists from the 19th century including James Maxwell, Louis Pasteur, and Charles Darwin, and highlights several technological advancements such as the railroad, steamship, internal combustion engine, airplane, telegraph, and telephone. Key scientific discoveries included Maxwell's work in physics and astronomy, Pasteur proving spontaneous generation is false and pioneering pasteurization, and Darwin developing the theory of evolution by natural selection. Major technologies that transformed transportation and communication during this period were also outlined.
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This document summarizes the contributions of several important scientists from the 19th century including James Maxwell, Louis Pasteur, and Charles Darwin, and highlights several technological advancements such as the railroad, steamship, internal combustion engine, airplane, telegraph, and telephone. Key scientific discoveries included Maxwell's work in physics and astronomy, Pasteur's disproving of spontaneous generation and development of pasteurization, and Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. Major technologies that transformed transportation and communication during this period were also outlined.
Ch. 15 Vocabulary
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Ch. 3 Sec. 1 African Culture
- 1. AFRICA
- 4. Crops • Savannah—flat grasslands – Grain crops (like millet, sorghum and maize)
- 5. • Sahel – narrow strip of land between Sahara and savannah – Cotton and watermelon
- 6. Livestock • Raised lots of animals: sheep, goats and cattle • Seldom killed the animals. To kill an animal meant the loss of your wealth
- 7. Family • Children were believed to be important! • Africans had many wives so they could have many children • Marriage and large families led to increased wealth and family honor
- 9. Why was the family so important? 1. Provided security for family members 2. Provided a pool of wisdom and skills
- 10. Clans • Everyone who could trace his ancestry to a common relative • The clan elder was in charge
- 11. Tribe • Two or more clans that had same language, beliefs and customs formed a tribe
- 12. Religion • Believed in a Supreme Being or High God • Also believed in lesser Gods
- 13. • Animism – the belief that objects had spirits • They prayed and offered sacrifices to these spirits to get blessings
- 14. Islam in Africa • How did it get to Africa? • 1. Islamic merchants came in trade caravans • 2. Slaves brought in from Indonesia and Southeast Asia brought their religion with them
- 15. Ch. 3 Sec. 1 Discussion Question • How did traditional African views of the family depart from scriptural teaching? In what ways are traditional African views of the family closer to Scripture that contemporary American views?
Editor's Notes
- As improved efficiency resulted in greater yields so this provided opportunity for trade and increased trade and permanent settlements helped the development of civilization
- The animals provided milk and other benefits (like wool)…they added to their diet with hunting and fishing.
- The family was the most important element of traditional African culture The family leader decided where its members lived and how they earned their living…told them how to behave and what to believe Keeping peace was difficult for the father When they married, the woman joined the man’s family group
- Chief decided where the clan lived, divided the land and determined its use
- Page 47 about Adam and Eve Thought their high god was unconcerned with the affairs of men Believed that those who left this life continued to live in spirit…thus family included not only living members but also those dead and unborn The lesser gods had authority in a certain area…similar to the Greek gods
- Lived in trees, rocks, rivers, or mountains
- They existed peacefully together at first…over time, Islam became dominant and to varying degrees, imposed its beliefs on the people.