This document contains information about various components and responsibilities of an operating system. It discusses user interfaces like graphical user interfaces (GUIs) and command line interfaces (CLIs). It also describes basic management functions performed by the operating system, including file management, task management, and memory management. File management involves creating, defining, saving, and deleting files. Task management includes multi-tasking, multi-programming, and multi-processing capabilities. Memory management refers to how the operating system allocates and manages RAM and uses virtual memory.

1. Haroon Arif 1421-315310
Muhammad Haroon Ashfaq 1421-315237
Muhammad Awais Ashraf 1421-315308
Abdullah Mehfooz 1421-315228
Hassan Shiree 1421-315245
Submitted to: Prof.Zeeshan Abbas
Chapter:3
Responsibilities of Operating System

2. USER INTERFACE
The combination of menu options, icons, and commands you
use when working with a computer program is called the user
interface.

3. USER INTERFACE
 Command user interface falls into four categories:
Command-line interface
(CLI)
Graphical line interface
(GUI)
Natural language
Shell

4. Graphical user interface (GUI)
 Computer program or environment that displays options on the
screen as icons:
 Picture symbols:
By which users enter commands by selecting an icon:
1. By pressing <ENTER> key on the keyboard,
2. By "clicking" a computer mouse button,
3. or by touching the icon on a touch pad.

5. Continued…
 Shows graphical images such as:
 The input of graphical user interface is minimum.
Buttons icon
Windows Menus
Example graphical user
interface:
1. Mac OS
2. Linux
3. Microsoft windows
4. Next step

6. Command-line interface (CLI)
A CLI is a user interface to a computer’s operating system or
an application in which the user responds to a visual prompt
by typing in a command on a specified line, receive a
response back from the system and then enters another
command and so forth.
 Most users prefer (GUI) offered by Windows, Mac OS, BeOS, and
others.
EXAMPLE:
MS-DOS Prompt application in a Windows
operating system

7. Continued…
 Blue of black screen and commands on it.
 When a command is written presses enter the command will
execute then write the next command.
 In this interface you have to memorize all the commands of each
functionality from primary to most complex one.
Write
EXAMPLE:
The MS-DOS Prompt
application in a Windows
operating system.
EXAMPLE:
1. shell
2. c shell

8. Shell
 Similar to command line interface but shell is one step ahead of
command line.
 Shell also has back or blue screen.
 Avoid memorizing different command syntaxes.
EXAMPLE:
1. C shell
2. Corn shell

9. Natural language user interface
 These Natural language user interfaces recognize the syntax of a
language such as English or Japanese.
 Don't need to memorize commands and don't have to click on any
icon.
 Recognize spoken words are not widely available.
 Exist natural language interface that accept keyboard entries too.

10. Object Linking Embedding (OLE)
Copying
Embeddin
g
Makes duplicate but you cannot bring changes to the
duplicate.
Duplicate can be made but will not be able to modify until do
not use the same editor.
Liking Can make duplicate and if bring changes to the original
data the duplicate will automatically be updated.

11. Basic management of OS
 File Management
 Task Management
 Memory Management

12. Operating System
 Consists of master system of programs.
 Manage basic operations of the computer.
 Also called the soul of computer.
 Consist of many departments.
 Each department has its own role.
 It is a big unit activity.
 The operating system consists of multiples departments.
 Like operating system having management department and
many others.

13. File Management
 Operating system that has multiples of activity and departments
has a core is called file management.
 Main functions are:
Creating file
File defining
File saving
File deleting
Create a file give it a name then save it in such
as document

14. Continued…
 One department of operating system responsible for file system is
file management.
• FAT32
• FAT16
• VFAT
• NTFS
• XTTZ
Responsible for file Management

15. File allocation table
 File is saved in hard disk in specific area.
 Saved in a particular track in a particular section.
 Copy or duplicate files and program from one disk to another.
 Back up or make a duplicate copy of contents.
 Erase or remove from a disk .
 Rename or give new filename.

16. Task Management
 Main functions:
Multi Tasking
Multi
Programming
Multi
Processing

17. Multi Tasking
 Execution of two or more programs or tasks initiated by a single
user.
 Processed by a single processor.
 The tasks are executed concurrently(one after the other).
 Two kinds of tasks:
1. Cooperative is a feature new system (Background Task).
2. Non-cooperative (Front or before task).

18. Multi Programming
 Very powerful feature.
 Always takes place in large or powerful or server systems.
 Like super computers by multiple users in a multi user environment
processed by a single processor or multi.
 It is used in network environment.
 Whichever task is important that task will be looked after.
FIFO = First
Task
LIFO = Last task

19. Multi Processing
 Processing done by two or more computers.
OR
 Processors linked together to perform work simultaneously.
 Multiprocessing can be done in several ways:
1. Co processing:
 Controlling CPU works together with specialized microprocessors
called coprocessors
 Handles a particular task, such as display screen graphics or high
speed mathematical calculations.
2. Parallel processing:
 Full-fledged CPUs work together on the same tasks, sharing memory.
 Used in large computer system designed to keep running if one of the
CPUs fails. These systems are called Fault tolerant system.
• Symmetric works
equally
• Asymmetric do
not work equally

20. Resource management or Memory
Management
 Part of operating system
that manages memory .
 In application is greater
than ram then virtual
memory management is
required.
Cycle of resource Management
management

21. Virtual Memory Management
When the ram cannot
hold a data that is
needed to be
processed it takes part
of the HDD as an
extension to it this part.
Page file:Called

22.  When there is no page left to be processed
 The last page tells the CPU that the pages are finished and there is
a need to inform that other pages must be swapped into the RAM.
 Demon paging or clustering:
The process that tells the CPU the need for other pages to process
and fetch from the page file. Then pages that are processed are
again swapped into the HDD for storage.