2. SUBJECT : INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
TEACHER : SIR ZEESHAN ABBAS

3. Group Presentation:-
Members:-
 ANIS-UR-REHMAN SHAH (1421-315229)
 NOUMAN ZIAFAT (1421-315225)
 NOUMAN AKBAR (1421-315238)
 UMER MAQBOOL (1421-315226)
 TAMRAIZ SADIQUE ( 1421-315
 ABDUL MANAN (1421-315

4. CHAPTER : 07
"Storage and Communication Hardware"

5. Presentation Contents:-
 Hard & Floppy Disks
 Disk Storage
 Removable & Fixed
Disks
 Disk Controller
 Optical disk storage
 Recordable disk
 Ram Drives
 Data Transmission
Modes
 Read Only Disks
 Mass storage
 Erasable Disks
 Tape Cartridges
 Flash Memory

6. Data Transmission Modes
Transmission is a process of sending
and propagating. There are three ways, modes
for transmitting data from one point to another.
These are simplex, Half-duplex and full-duplex.

7. Transmission modes
• Simplex
signal transmitted in one direction
e.g. Television.
• half duplex
both stations transmit, but only one at a time
e.g. police radio.
• Full duplex
simultaneous transmission e.g. telephone.

8. Hard and Floppy Disks
Hard disks:
Hard disk provides users with fast access
to stores data. Storage capacities can exceed to 1
billion bytes (gigabyte). Hard dish comes in variety
of sizes.

9. Hard and Floppy Disks
Floppy Disks:
Floppy disks, or diskettes, are round,
flat, flexible pieces of plastic used primarily for data
storage and back up in personal computer system.

10. Disk Storage
Disk Storage:
Disk drives store data on disks in
concentric circles called disk tracks.

11. Removable & Fixed Disks
Removable Disks:
Disks packs can be inserted
into a disk drive for temporary use.

12. Removable & Fixed Disks
Fixed Disks:
Fixed disks are built inside the
computer case and sealed from the outside
environment to protect the disk.

13. Disk Controller
Disk Controller:
A hard disk controller (HDC) is an
electrical component within a computer hard disk
that enables the processor or CPU to access, read,
write, delete and modify data to and from the hard
disk.

14. Optical disk storage
Optical disk storage:
Optical storage techniques
used by computers are basically the same as those
used to record music on compact disks. Optical disks
differ from magnetic-disk storage. A laser beam is
used to write and read data.

15. Recordable disk
CD-R discs are blank CDs that can record data
written by a CD burner. The word
"recordable" is used because CD-Rs are often
used to record audio, which can be played
back by most CD players. However, many
other kinds of data can also be written to a
CD-R

16. RAM Drives

17. Flash Memory

18. Tape Cartridges

19. Erasable Disk