This document contains information about a group presentation for an IT class on storage and communication hardware. It lists the group members and topics to be covered, including hard disks, floppy disks, disk storage, removable and fixed disks, disk controllers, optical disk storage, recordable disks, RAM drives, data transmission modes, read-only disks, mass storage, erasable disks, and tape cartridges. Details are provided on different transmission modes, characteristics of hard disks and floppy disks, how disk storage works, the function of disk controllers, and definitions of optical disk storage, recordable disks, and flash memory.

2. SUBJECT : INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
TEACHER : SIR ZEESHAN ABBAS

3. Group Presentation:-
Members:-
 ANIS-UR-REHMAN SHAH (1421-315229)
 NOUMAN ZIAFAT (1421-315225)
 NOUMAN AKBAR (1421-315238)
 UMER MAQBOOL (1421-315226)
 TAMRAIZ SADIQUE ( 1421-315
 ABDUL MANAN (1421-315

4. CHAPTER : 07
"Storage and Communication Hardware"

5. Presentation Contents:-
 Hard & Floppy Disks
 Disk Storage
 Removable & Fixed
Disks
 Disk Controller
 Optical disk storage
 Recordable disk
 Ram Drives
 Data Transmission
Modes
 Read Only Disks
 Mass storage
 Erasable Disks
 Tape Cartridges
 Flash Memory

6. Data Transmission Modes
Transmission is a process of sending
and propagating. There are three ways, modes
for transmitting data from one point to another.
These are simplex, Half-duplex and full-duplex.

7. Transmission modes
• Simplex
signal transmitted in one direction
e.g. Television.
• half duplex
both stations transmit, but only one at a time
e.g. police radio.
• Full duplex
simultaneous transmission e.g. telephone.

8. Hard and Floppy Disks
Hard disks:
Hard disk provides users with fast access
to stores data. Storage capacities can exceed to 1
billion bytes (gigabyte). Hard dish comes in variety
of sizes.

9. Hard and Floppy Disks
Floppy Disks:
Floppy disks, or diskettes, are round,
flat, flexible pieces of plastic used primarily for data
storage and back up in personal computer system.

10. Disk Storage
Disk Storage:
Disk drives store data on disks in
concentric circles called disk tracks.

11. Removable & Fixed Disks
Removable Disks:
Disks packs can be inserted
into a disk drive for temporary use.

12. Removable & Fixed Disks
Fixed Disks:
Fixed disks are built inside the
computer case and sealed from the outside
environment to protect the disk.

13. Disk Controller
Disk Controller:
A hard disk controller (HDC) is an
electrical component within a computer hard disk
that enables the processor or CPU to access, read,
write, delete and modify data to and from the hard
disk.

14. Optical disk storage
Optical disk storage:
Optical storage techniques
used by computers are basically the same as those
used to record music on compact disks. Optical disks
differ from magnetic-disk storage. A laser beam is
used to write and read data.

15. Recordable disk
CD-R discs are blank CDs that can record data
written by a CD burner. The word
"recordable" is used because CD-Rs are often
used to record audio, which can be played
back by most CD players. However, many
other kinds of data can also be written to a
CD-R

16. RAM Drives

17. Flash Memory

18. Tape Cartridges

19. Erasable Disk