Here are the events from the timeline numbered in chronological order: 1. Treaty of Versailles is signed (1919) 2. Hitler publishes Mein Kampf (1924) 3. Great Depression begins (1929) 4. Nazis become strongest party in Germany (1932) 5. Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany (1933) 6. Japan invades Manchuria (1931) 7. Mussolini declares himself dictator of Italy (1925) 8. Hitler dismantles Weimar Republic, establishes Third Reich (1933) 9. Italy invades Ethiopia (1935) 10. Germany reoccupies Rhineland (1936)

1. By: Jackie White
U.S. History II

2. Chapter 24 Section 1
“Dictators Threaten World
Peace”
• Main Idea: The rise of rulers in Europe &
Asia led to World War II.
• Why It Matters Now: Dictators of the
1930’s & 40’s changed the course of history,
making world leaders especially watchful for
the actions of dictators today.
• Terms & Names: Joseph Stalin, Adolf
Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Francisco Franco,
totalitarianism, fascism, Nazism, Neutrality
Acts

3. Learning Objective
• Guiding Question: How did the rise of
dictators in Europe and Asia lead to World
War II?
• Understand the conditions that brought
dictators to power and the aggressive
actions taken that led to the outbreak of
World War II.
• Be able to identify the dictators, their
country, type of government, & aggressive
acts.

4. What do you know about WWII?
• http://www.history.com/interactives/inside-wwii-interactive

5. Germany Nazi Party Poster
• To whom do you
think this poster is
directed?
• How does this
poster try to
attract students to
the Nazi party?
• Is it effective?

7. The Treaty of Versailles
Caused anger and
resentment
Germany saw nothing fair
about Article 231 (war guilt
clause) that blamed them
for starting WWI.
Germans felt betrayed by
their government for
agreeing to the treaty and
anger towards the Allies.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yj_eiyBsSSc&feature=
player_embedded

8. The Treaty of Versailles
Germany was stripped of its overseas colonies and
border territories.

9. The Treaty of Versailles
Germany
experienced
hyperinflation in
1923, the
economic
demand of
reparation
payments was
the prime cause
of inflation.

10. The “Stab-In-The-Back” Theory
German soldiers are dissatisfied.

11. The League of Nations
• What was the
purpose of the
League of
Nations?
• When was the
League created?
Designed after WWI
to prevent acts of
aggression.

12. The League of Nations
Which countries
were expelled
from or left the
League of
Nations?

13. The League of Nations
Which powerful country refused to join the
League?
Will the League of Nations be very effective in
preventing war?

14. The League of Nations
U.S. did not join because they wanted to remain
out of European conflicts -America practices a
policy of isolationism

15. The Ineffectiveness of the
League of Nations
No control of major conflicts.
No progress in disarmament.
No effective military force.
No ability to enforce its edicts.

16. The Great Depression
•World War I
reparations and
dependence on
American loans caused
a depression Germany.
•1932, 6 million
Germans were
unemployed
• Why did Germany •Helped Nazi party
experience a Depression
post WWI? come to power by
• How did the Depression
blaming economic
effect the German hardships on Jewish
people? people

17. The Great Depression
In 1923 a five million German mark was
worth less then a penny due to hyperinflation

18. The Great Depression
Germans were desperate and turned to
Hitler for hope.

19. Decadence of the Weimar Republic
How are the German
people portrayed?
How is the German
government
portrayed?
How do you think the
German people feel
about their
government (the
Weimar Republic?)

20. Adolf Hitler
• A jobless soldier
drifting around
Germany post WWI
• 1919 he joined a
struggling group called
the National
Socialist German
Workers Party
(Nazi Party)
Called himself Der Fuhrer-
• He proved to be a
“The Leader” & promised to
powerful speaker and
bring Germany out of chaos
quickly became the
party’s leader

21. Adolf Hitler
• Wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle) The
original title Hitler chose was "Four and a
Half Years of Struggle against Lies, Stupidity
and Cowardice.”
• Throughout Mein Kampf, Hitler refers to
Jews as parasites, liars, dirty, crafty, sly,
wily, clever, without any true culture, a
sponger, a middleman, a maggot, eternal
blood suckers, repulsive, unscrupulous,
monsters, foreign, menace, bloodthirsty,
avaricious, the destroyer of Aryan humanity,
and the mortal enemy of Aryan humanity.

22. Mein Kampf
• Set forth the basic beliefs of Nazism
that became the action plan for the
Nazi Party
• Wanted to unite all German people
into a great German empire
• National expansion- Secure more
living space/land for German people
• Enforce racial purification, wanted to
form a master race of “Aryans” (blond
haired blue eyed people) who were
destined to rule the world
• “Inferior races” Jews, Slavs, & all
nonwhites were fit only to serve
Aryans

23. Election of Adolf Hitler
• Hitler was elected in a democratic election
• The last election of the Weimar Republic that
governed Germany after World War I
• Hitler and Nazis accused the ruling Socialists
Democrats of betraying Germany by signing the
Treaty of Versailles

24. Adolf Hitler
• By 1932, Nazism the belief
in extreme nationalism &
racism becomes the
strongest political party in
Germany
• 1933, Hitler was appointed
chancellor (prime
minister)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yf6_zKLbykQ

25. Third Reich
• Once in power,
Hitler dismantled
Germany’s
democratic
Weimar Republic &
established the
Third Reich or Third
German Empire
• Hitler believed the
Third Reich would
last for a thousand
years.

26. Burning of the Reichstag
• The Reichstag
building, seat of the
German government,
burns after being set
on fire by Nazis in
February of 1933.
• This enabled Adolf
Hitler to seize power
under the pretext of
protecting the nation
from threats to its
security

27. Oath of Allegiance to Hitler
• The oath of loyalty of the
soldiers of the armed
forces:'I swear by God
this sacred oath: I will
render unconditional
obedience to Adolf
Hitler, the Fuhrer of the
German Reich and
people, Supreme
Commander of the What is unusual about this
Armed Forces, and will oath?
be ready as a brave
soldier to risk my life at What are soldiers
any time for this oath.' committing to do?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9QyqxkM_Z94

28. Summarize
• Who is the
leader of
Germany?
• What type of
government
does Germany
have?

29. Japanese Militarist Expansion
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inA-36YRV0Y
What geographic features might have led Japan
to expand?

30. Japanese Culture
Bushido
Way of
the
warrior
Code of
conduct
Emperor
Hirohito Loyalty
Omnipotent Death
before
God dishonor
Destined by
divine right to
rule the world

31. Japanese Militarist Expansion
• Wanted more
living space for
a growing
population
• Nationalistic
Military leaders
were trying to
take control of
the imperial
government

32. Japan Invades Manchuria, 1931
Japanese Militarists launched a surprise attack and
seized control of the Chinese province Manchuria
within months 1931

33. Japan Invades Manchuria, 1931
•League of Nations investigates Manchurian
situation
•Condemned Japan for their actions
•Japan quit the League of Nations

34. The Tanaka Memorial
Japanese
plan for
domination
of Asia &
the world.
In order to
conquer all
of Asia &
the rest of
the world we
must first
conquer
China

35. The Japanese Invasion of China,
1937
The Japanese invade
mainland China by dropping
bombs on civilian areas in
Shanghai in hopes of forcing
a quick surrender
After the fall of Shanghai
Japanese Army began march
to Chinese capital Nanking
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YoW2WYdOsvg&feature=rel

36. Rape of Nanking
• The Japanese used
mass killings
• set villages & cities
on fire
• raped women and
kept others as sexual
slaves
• tortured, mutilated,
& killed Chinese
citizens

37. Summarize
• Who is the leader of
Japan?
• What are two countries
that Japan invaded in the
1930’s?
• What type of actions did
Japanese soldiers take
during these invasions?
• How might these
aggressive acts lead to
WWII?

38. Mussolini’s Rise to Power
Unemployment &
inflation led to strikes
in Italy
• Middle & upper class
demanded strong
leadership
• A powerful speaker,
Benito Mussolini
appealed to wounded
“Italy wants peace, work, national pride and
and calm. I will give these played on people’s
things with love if possible, fears of an economic
with force if necessary.” collapse and
communism

39. Fascism in Italy
• 1921, Mussolini
established the
Fascist Party, which
stressed nationalism
& the interests of the
state above the
individual
•Argued power rest
with a strong leader
and a small group of
devoted party
members

40. Fascism
• What are some basic
beliefs of fascism?
• Concentrated private
wealth, control of
information, massive
investment in
manufacture of arms and
military equipment,
suppression of labor
movements

41. March on Rome
• October 1922, Mussolini marched on
Rome with thousands of his followers,
whose uniform gave them the name “Black
Shirts”

42. Totalitarianism in Italy
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hIxAsangFZc
• Italian king appointed Mussolini head of the government
• Called himself Il Duce, or “the leader”
• Mussolini crushed all opposition and made Italy a
totalitarian state
• A government that maintains complete control over its
citizens, individuals have no rights.

44. Italy Attacks Ethiopia, 1935
Mussolini began building his Roman Empire by
invading Ethiopia, one of Africa’s few remaining
independent countries

45. Italy Invades Ethiopia
The League of Nations Emperor Haile Selassie
responded with an
economic boycott
1936 Ethiopia had fallen
Ethiopian emperor says, “It is us
today…It will be you tomorrow.”
http://www.watchmojo.com/index.php?id=10699

46. Rome-Berlin Axis, 1936
Forged a relationship between German and Italian dictators
called The “Pact of Steel”
Adolf Hitler and Italian Benito Mussolini together in
Munich, June 18, 1940.

47. Japan Invades Italy invades Ethiopia
Manchuria
1. Which countries were aggressors?
2. What do you notice about the size of Italy &
Japan with respect to the countries they
invaded. What similarities do you see?

48. Spanish Civil War
• 1936 a group of Spanish army officers led by
General Francisco Franco rebelled against
the Spanish republic.

49. The Spanish Civil War: 1936 - 1939
•Insurrection against a legally constituted,
democratic, but left leaning government
•Revolts broke out all over Spain, the Spanish Civil
War began

50. The Spanish Civil War:
1936 - 1939
The The
National Popular
Front Front
[Nationalists]
[Nationalists] [Republicans]
[Republicans]
The “Right” Army “Loyalists”
Industry Workers
Landowners Peasants
The middle class Unions
Catholic Church Socialists
Supported by Germany & Communists
Italy Anarchists

51. The Spanish Civil War

52. The Spanish Civil War:
1936 - 1939

53. International Response to
Spanish Civil War
• Italy & Germany backed Franco’s forces by
supplying weapons, tanks, and fighter planes into
Spain to test new weapons and tactics that would
later be used during WWII

54. The Spanish Civil War:
A Dress Rehearsal for WWII?
Italian troops in
Madrid
“Today Spain, Tomorrow the World”

55. The Spanish Civil War: 1936 - 1939
3,000 Americans formed the American
“Lincoln Brigade” to fight Franco

56. “Guernica” by Pablo Picasso

57. ▪The overall scene is within a room ▪Under the horse is a dead, apparently
where, at an open end on the left, a dismembered soldier; his hand on a severed arm
wide-eyed bull stands over a woman still grasps a shattered sword from which a flower
grieving over a dead child in her arms. grows.▪On the open palm of the dead soldier is a
stigma, a symbol of martyrdom derived from the
▪The center is occupied by a horse stigmata of Christ.▪A light bulb blazes in the
falling in agony as it had just been run shape of an evil eye over the suffering horse's
through by a spear or javelin. head (the bare bulb of the torturer's cell.)
Picasso's intended symbolism in regards to this
It is important to note that the large object is related to the Spanish word for lightbulb;
gaping wound in the horse's side is a "bombilla", which makes an allusion to "bomb"
major focus of the painting. and therefore signifies the destructive effect
▪Two "hidden" images formed by the which technology can have on society.[citation
horse appear in Guernica: needed]▪To the upper right of the horse, a
frightened female figure, who seems to be
▪A human skull overlays the horse's witnessing the scenes before her, appears to have
body. floated into the room through a window. Her arm,
▪A bull appears to gore the horse from also floating in, carries a flame-lit lamp. The lamp
underneath. The bull's head is formed is positioned very close to the bulb, and is a
symbol of hope, clashing with the
mainly by the horse's entire front leg lightbulb.▪From the right, an awe-struck woman
which has the knee on the ground. The staggers towards the center below the floating
leg's knee cap forms the head's nose. A female figure. She looks up blankly into the
horn appears within the horse's breast. blazing light bulb.▪Daggers that suggest
▪The bull's tail forms the image of a screaming replace the tongues of the bull,
flame with smoke rising from it, grieving woman, and horse.▪A bird, possibly a
dove, stands on a shelf behind the bull in
seemingly appearing in a window panic.▪On the far right, a figure with arms raised
created by the lighter shade of gray in terror is entrapped by fire from above and
surrounding it. below.▪A dark wall with an open door defines the

58. Guernica
• By Pablo Picasso depicts the Nazi German
bombing of Guernica, Spain on April 26,
1937 during the Spanish Civil War.
• The attack killed between 250 and 1,600
people, and many more were injured.
• The Spanish government commissioned
Pablo Picasso to paint a large mural for the
Spanish display at the Paris International
Exposition
• Guernica epitomizes the tragedies of war
and the suffering war inflicts upon
individuals.

59. Dictators Rise to Power
In which countries did authoritarian rulers come to
power?

60. Exit Ticket
• Answer the 5 questions using the Timeline
of Events Leading to World War II
• Put the following events in the order in
which they occurred by numbering them
in chronological order (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, etc.)
• Then record the sequence of events on
the flow chart.

61. Chapter 24 Section 2
“War in Europe”
• Main Idea: Using the sudden mass attack called
blitzkrieg, Germany invaded and quickly
conquered many European countries.
• Why It Matters Now: Hitler’s actions started
World War II and still serve as a warning to be
vigilant about totalitarian government.
• Terms & Names:
Neville Chamberlin non-aggression pact
Winston Churchill blitzkrieg
Charles de Gaulle
appeasement

62. Learning Objective
Guiding Question: What military tactics
did Germany use to expand into
neighboring territories and how did other
countries respond to German’s actions?
Describe Germany military tactics and
strategy used to quickly conquer
neighboring European countries and the
international response.

63. Warm Up
Imagine you were
being robbed,
what would you
do?
How might size & strength of your
opponent influence your
response?

64. German Acts of Aggression
• 1933 Hitler pulled Germany out of the League
• 1935 Hitler began a military build up
• 1936 Hitler sent troops into the Rhineland, a
German region bordering France and Belgium that
was demilitarized (DMZ) as a result of the Treaty of
Versailles

65. Germany Invades the Rhineland
March 7, 1936
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SpxdYTNkbe4
Where is the Rhineland located?
What is the Rhineland?
When was it created?
Why was it created?

66. Germany Invades Austria (1938)
• Hitler began his plan to expand into the
land of his neighbors.
• Austria was created out of the former
Austro Hungarian Empire after WWI at the
Paris Peace Conference

67. • Majority of Austria’s population was German who
favored unification with Germany
• March 12, 1938 German troops marched into Austria
unopposed

68. The Austrian Anschluss, 1938
1 day later Germany announced that its Anschluss or
“union” with Austria was complete
•The U.S. & the rest of the world did nothing.

69. Adolf Hitler, Fuhrer of Germany, accepts salutes
and cheers from the Nazi controlled Reichstag after
announcing the Anschluss (union) with Austria.

70. Invasion of Sudetenland
• 3 million German speaking people lived in the
western boarder regions of Czech called the
Sudetenland

71. Invasion of the Sudetenland
•Hitler wanted to annex the Sudetenland to provide
more living space for Germany as well as to control its
important natural resources

72. Invasion of Sudetenland
• Hitler accused the
Czechs of abusing
the Sudeten
Germans.
• Example of Nazi
newspaper headline
propaganda:
“Women & Children
Mowed Down by
Czech Armored
Cars”

73. Brink of War
• Great Britain & France promised to
protect Czechoslovakia at first
• War seemed inevitable

74. Predicting Responses: The
Czechoslovakian Crisis
• How do you predict your country respond
to the Czech crisis?
• Students will be assigned to one of six
countries based on row
• Read the summary of what happened
• Predict how your assigned country
responded
• Share predictions with class
• Review actual response

75. Munich Agreement
• Hitler promised them
it would be his “last
territorial demand”
• Eager to avoid war,
they believed him
• Munich Agreement
(1938) turned the
Sudetenland over to
Hitler invited the Premier of Germany without firing
France & British Prime
Minister Neville
a single shot.
Chamberlin to meet with

76. The Munich Agreement, 1938
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SetNFqcayeA
British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain
Now we have “peace in our time!” Herr
Hitler is a man we can do business with.

77. Appeasement
• Giving up principles
to pacify an
aggressor.
• By signing the
Munich Pact, Britain
& France took this
policy toward
German aggression

78. Winston Churchill
• Churchill believed that
Chamberlin adopted a
policy of appeasement,
giving up principles to
pacify an aggressor.
• He believed the Munich
Pact was dishonorable
and wouldn’t prevent
war.
• “Britain & France had to
choose between war and Political Rival of the
dishonor. They chose British Prime Minister
dishonor. They will have Neville Chamberlin
war.”

79. German Offensive
• 1939 German troops invaded what remained
of Czechoslovakia

80. Predicting Responses:
Violation of the Munich Pact
• How do you think your country responded
to the violation of the Munich Pact?
• Students will be assigned to one of six
countries based on row
• Read the summary of what happened
• Predict how your assigned country
responded
• Share predictions with class
• Review actual response

81. Czechoslovakia Becomes Part of
the Third Reich: 1939
Hitler gloated that
“Czechoslovakia has
ceased to exist.”

82. Hitler turned his sights towards Germany’s eastern neighbor,
Poland.
• Poland had a large German speaking population
• Hitler accused Poland of mistreating Germans and they
needed his protection

83. Invasion of Poland
A German attack on
Poland might bring
Germany into a
conflict with the
Soviet Union
• As well as provoke
France & GB to
declare war since
they promised to
protect Poland
• A two front war
exhausted Germany
during WWI

84. Predicting Responses:
Invasion of Poland
• How did your country respond to the
invasion of Poland?
• Students will be assigned to one of six
countries based on row
• Read the summary of what happened
• Predict how your assigned country
responded
• Share predictions with class
• Review actual response

85. Nonaggression Pact
• Activity: Read the non-aggression pact.
• When was the pact made?
• August 23, 1939
• Which countries made the agreement?
• Soviet Union & Germany
• What did Germany and the Soviet Union
agree to?
• Agreed to never attack each other & to
divide Poland between them

86. The Nazi-Soviet
Non-Aggression Pact, 1939
Foreign Ministers
von Ribbentrop & Molotov

87. 1. According to the map, which two countries invade
Poland?
2. Do you think the invasion be successful or not and why?

88. Poland Attacked: Sept. 1, 1939
Blitzkrieg [“Lightening War”]

89. Invasion of Poland
• Blitzkrieg (blits-kreeg)- lightning war take the
enemy by surprise by creating shock and then
quickly crush the opposition with overwhelming
force

90. Invasion of Poland
• Luftwaffe (looft-vahf-uh) or German air force
bombed Poland’s military bases, airfields, railroads

91. Invasion of Poland
• 1.German ground forces
had overwhelmed the
initial lines of Polish
defense within 2 days.
• 2.Effective military
opposition to the German
invasion ended on October
6th, 1939.
• 3.Danzig fell on September
7th, after one week of
bombardment.
• 4.Warsaw capitulated on
September 28th.
• 5.65,000 Polish troops
were killed in the invasion.
Hundreds of thousands
were captured or wounded

92. German Troops March into Warsaw

93. Invasion of Poland
•Soviet Union attacked Poland from the east
•By the end of the month, Poland ceased to exist
•September 3, 1939 Britain & France declare war on Germany
•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kvxpd2_-
fx4&feature=player_embedded - at=70

95. Exit Ticket
• Complete the time line by arranging the following events in
the order in which they occurred.
• 1933 Hitler pulled Germany out of the League
• 1935 Germany began a military build up
• 1936 Germany invaded the Rhineland
• 1938 Germany Invaded Austria
• 1938 Germany invaded the Sudetenland
• 1938 Munich Agreement was signed
• 1939 Czechoslovakia is conquered by Germany
• 1939 Germany Invades Poland
• 1939 Non Aggression Pact was signed
• 1939 Germany & Soviet Union invade Poland
• 1939 World War II Begins

96. Learning Objective:
Guiding Question: How did Britain and
France respond to German attacks in 1940?
Identify significant events/battles between
France, Britain, & Germany after the
outbreak of World War II in Europe.

98. Warm Up:
• When do you
think this poster
was created?
• Who do you think
created this
poster?
• What is the
purpose of the
poster?

99. Warm Up
• Read the magazine
article: Will Hitler
Commit Military
Suicide This Year?
• What are the
possibilities
presented in the
article?
• Which do you
predict Hitler will do
& why?

100. France – False Sense of Security?
A system of
fortifications
built along
France’s
eastern
boarder
What is the
Maginot
Line?

101. Phony War
• French & British troops on the Maginot Line sat
staring into Germany waiting for something to
happen.

102. Sitzkrieg
• French, British, &
German troops often
worked and rested in
plain sight of each
other on opposite
sides of the Siegfried
Line (on the German
side)
• Blitzkrieg gave way to
sitzkrieg “sitting war”
or phony war as the
newspapers called it

103. The “Phony War” Ends:
Spring, 1940
Maginot Line was ineffective

104. Invasion of France
• German army by passed the line by invading France through
the Ardennes (ahr-den), a region of wooded ravines in
Northeast France, thereby avoiding the British & French
troops who thought it was impassable, & marched toward
Paris.

105. Invasion of France
WWII in color
-4:48
http://www.youtu
be.com/watch?
v=bl4eXcoU6A0
&feature=relmfu
• Italy entered the war on the side of Germany &
invaded France from the south as German troops
approached from the North British & French
soldiers were surrounded.

106. Dunkirk (duhn-kurk)
• The German offensive trapped 400,000
British & French soldiers who fled to the
beaches of Dunkirk on the French side of
the English Channel.

107. Dunkirk France Evacuated
800 tugboats, fishing boats, river barges, etc
ferried 330,000 French & British soldiers to
safety across the English Channel.

108. Dunkirk France Evacuated
WWII in color 6:14-8:37
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=bl4eXcoU6A0&feature=relmfu

109. Dunkirk France Evacuated
June 4, 1940
British soldiers
captured by the
Germans at
Dunkirk,
France, in June
1940.

110. Predicting Responses: The
Invasion of France
• How do you think your country responded
to the threat of the fall of Paris?
• Students will be assigned to one of six
countries based on row
• Read the summary of what happened
• Predict how your assigned country
responded
• Share predictions with class
• Review actual response

111. France Surrenders
June, 1940
A French man weeps as the Nazis march into Paris, June 14,
1940, beginning a four-year occupation of the 'City of
Lights.'

112. France Surrenders
• Germans would occupy the northern part of
France

113. A Divided France
Marshall Petain
Nazi controlled puppet government headed by
Marshall Philippe Petain set up at Vichy France

114. The French Resistance
•Charles de
Gaulle a French
general fled to
England where
he set up a
government in
exile.
General Charles DeGaulle
“France has lost a battle, but
France has not lost the war.”

115. Now Britain Is All Alone!

116. The Blitz
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJd9LZSjP8s
WWII in color 10:35-1:30
•German Luftwaffe made bombing runs over Britain in
attempt to destroy Britain’s Royal Air Force (RAF)
•Every night for 2 months German planes bombed
British targets (airfields, aircraft, cities)

117. Predicting Responses: The
Battle of Britain
• How do you think your country responded
to the Battle of Britain?
• Students will be assigned to one of six
countries based on row
• Read the summary of what happened
• Predict how your assigned country
responded
• Share predictions with class
• Review actual response

118. The Battle of Britain
• RAF fought back with the help of radar, British pilots
accurately plotted the flight paths of German planes in
darkness & shot down over 185 German planes
• Hitler called off the invasion indefinitely

119. • What are the
children
doing?
• What might
they be
looking for?
• Where are
they located?
• What might it
feel like to be
kid then?
• What was
happening?

120. Battle of Britain: The “Blitz”
An aircraft spotter on the
roof of a building in
London with Saint Paul's
Cathedral in the
background.
Firefighters putting
out fires after a
German air raid

121. Battle of Britain:The “Blitz”
Saint Paul's Cathedral stands
gloriously in the distance amid
the wreckage caused by the
German fire-bombing of
London. Sunday, December
29, 1940.

122. The London “Tube”:
Air Raid Shelters during the Blitz

123. Daily life in a
damaged
residential
neighborhood.
Three children who
have been left homeless
by the random bombs
of German night
raiders, sit outside the
wreckage of their home.

124. British Prime Minister
Winston Churchill

126. Mapping Activity
• Draw an arrow to indicate European countries
invaded by Germany between 1938-1941.
• Label the year the country was invaded in
parenthesis underneath the name or above the
arrow.
• Color each country using colored pencils or
outline in marker.

129. Exit Ticket
• Complete the timeline activity by arranging
the following events in the order in which
they occurred.
 1933 Hitler pulled Germany out of the League
 1935 Germany began a military build up
 1936 Germany invaded the Rhineland
 1938 Germany Invaded Austria
 1938 Germany invaded the Sudetenland
 1938 Munich Agreement was signed
 1939 Czechoslovakia is conquered by Germany
 1939 Germany Invades Poland
 1939 Non Aggression Pact was signed
 1939 World War II Begins

130. Chapter 24 Section 4
“America Moves Toward War”
• Main Idea: In response to the fighting in
Europe, the U.S. provided economic and
military aid to help achieve allied victory.
• Why It Matters Now: The military
capability of the U.S. became a deciding
factor in WWII & in world affairs ever
since.
• Terms & Names: Axis Powers, Allies,
Lend-Lease Act, Atlantic Charter, Hideki
Tojo, Pearl Harbor

131. Learning Objective:
• Guiding Question: How does the U.S.
respond to the outbreak of war in
Europe?
• Identify several ways in which the US
assisted the Allies without declaring war.
• Summarize the events that brought the
US into armed conflict with Germany.

132. Gallery Tour
• In a single file line, walk around the room
and read the timeline of events leading up
to U.S. entry into World War II.
• How do you think the United States
should respond to each of these events?
• At what point, if any, do you think the U.S.
should join the war?

133. How should the U.S. respond?
• After Japan invaded Manchuria 1931
• After Germany violated the Treaty of Versailles by building up its military in
1935
• After Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935
• After Germany violated the Treaty of Versailles again by invading the
Rhineland which was a demilitarized zone March 7, 1936
• After Mussolini & Hitler sign the Pact of Steel 1936
• After Japan invaded China & the Rape of Nanjing in 1937
• After Germany invaded Austria March 12, 1938
• After Germany invaded the Sudetenland September 30, 1938
• After Germany invaded Czechoslovakia 1939
• After Germany invaded Poland September 1, 1939
• After Britain & France declared war on Germany September 3, 1939
• After France surrendered to Germany June 1940
• After the Battle of Britain December 29, 1940
• After Germany, Japan, & Italy form the Tripartite Pact/Axis Powers 1940
• After Japan attacks Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941

134. U.S. Responds Cautiously
• Most Americans were alarmed by the
international conflicts but believed that the
U.S. should not get involved

135. America Clings to Isolationism
• In 1930’s numerous books argued that U.S. was
dragged into WWI by greedy bankers and
manufacturers
• Congressional Committee led by General Nye
held hearings to investigate the charges
• Documented the large profits that bankers and
manufacturers made during the war
• Made Americans determined to avoid war

136. International Agreements
Locarno Pact – 1925
France, Germany, Great Britain,
Italy
 Guarantee existing frontiers
 Establish DMZ 30 miles deep on East
bank of Rhine River
 Refrain from aggression against each
other
Kellogg-Briand Pact – 1928
Makes war illegal as a tool of
diplomacy
 No enforcement provisions

137. FDR Foreign Policy
• 1933, recognized the Soviet
Union & agreed to exchange
ambassadors with Moscow
• Good Neighbor policy of
nonintervention in Latin
America and withdrew armed
forces stationed there
• 1934, pushed the Reciprocal
Trade Agreement Act
which lowered trade barriers
by giving the president the
power to make trade
http://www.encyclopedia.com/video/dX1U agreements with other nations,
oMWapzg-us-recognizes-soviet-russia-
1933.aspx
aimed at lowering tariffs
1933.aspx

138. U.S. Neutrality Acts:
1934, 1935, 1937, 1939
Outlawed arms sales
or loans to nations
at war.
Extended the ban on
arms sales and loans
to nations engaged
in Civil War-such as
Spain.
Forbade US citizens
from traveling on
belligerent ships

139. Neutrality Acts
When Japan invaded China FDR claimed there was no need to
enforce the Neutrality Acts because Japan had not formally
declared war on China
• U.S. continued sending arms and supplies to China

140. Cash-and-Carry (1939)
• Congress passed a provision to the
Neutrality Acts that allowed warring nations
to buy U.S. arms as long as they paid cash &
transported them on their own ships
• FDR hoped the arms would help France &
Britain defeat Hitler & keep the U.S. out of
the war.

141. America Builds Up it Defenses
• FDR provided the British with “all aid short
of war” he sent 500,000 rifles, 80,000
machine guns to Great Britain.
• FDR asks Congress to increase military
spending in response to Nazi victories.
• Congress passed Nation’s 1st peace time
military draft Selective Training & Selective
Service Act registered 16 million men
between 21-35.
• FDR runs for a 3rd term, reelected with 55%
of the votes, promised to keep nation out of
war

142. The Great Arsenal of Democracy
http://www.myoldradio.com/old-radio-episodes/fdr-great-arsenal-of-democracy-speech/11
• FDR- “You can’t tame a
tiger into a kitten..”
• -impossible to negotiate
with Hitler
• If Britain fell, the Axis
powers would be
unchallenged to conquer
the world
• U.S. must prevent that
situation & turn itself
into a “great arsenal of
democracy”
http://www.schooltube.com/video/30747e2e060f4e4efc5b/

143. U. S. Lend-Lease Act,
1941
Great Britain.........................$31 billion
Soviet Union..........................$11 billion
France..................................$3 billion
China..................................$1.5 billion
Other European......................$500 million
South America.......................$400 million
The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000
1941 Lend Lease Act- lend or lease arms
& other supplies to any country whose
defense was vital to the U.S.

144. Lend-Lease

145. Atlantic Charter
Do you
recognize
anyone?
Who?
Where are
they?
How can you
tell?
• A joint proclamation by the United States and Britain
declaring that they were fighting the Axis powers to
"ensure life, liberty, independence and religious
freedom and to preserve the rights of man and
justice."

146. The Atlantic Charter
• Roosevelt and
Churchill sign
treaty of
friendship in
August 1941.
• Solidifies alliance.
• Fashioned after
Wilson’s 14
Points.
• Calls for League
of Nations type
organization.

147. Atlantic Charter
• FDR & Churchill met secretly aboard battleship
USS Augusta 1941
• Both countries pledged: collective security,
disarmament, self-determination, economic
cooperation, freedom of the seas.
• FDR promised he would do everything to force an
incident
• Became the basis of the “Declaration of the United
Nations” signed by 26 nations to express the
common purpose of the Allies the renunciation of
all aggression, right to self-government, access to
raw materials, freedom from want and fear,
freedom of the seas, and disarmament of aggressor
nations.

148. Shoot on Site
• German submarine fired on the U.S
destroyer Greer in Sept 1941
• FDR ordered navy commanders to shoot
German submarines on site

149. • Days later German U-Boats sank the U.S. Destroyer
Rueben James killing 100 U.S. sailors
• FDR announced, “The shooting has started and history
will record who fired the first shot.”
• A full scale war seemed inevitable however the attack
that brought the U.S. into the war came from Japan

150. Exit Ticket: U.S. Response
1. What does Uncle
Sam turning his
back on Europe
show about
American attitudes
in the late 1930’s?
2. What U.S. policy
is this cartoon
referencing?
3. Why might the
Atlantic Ocean
appeared to have
shrunk in the
1930’s?

152. Learning Objective
• Guiding Question: Why did Japan attack
Pearl Harbor?
• Cite 3 pieces of evidence from the
documents as to why Japan attacked Pearl
Harbor.

153. Warm Up:

154. Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis, 1940
The Tripartite Pact
Tojo Hitler Mussolini
Germany, Italy, & Japan signed the Tripartite Pact
becoming the Axis Powers. Agreed to come to the
defense of the others in case of an attack.

155. Political Cartoon Analysis
• Which 3 countries are represented by the figures?
• Identify the figures by name.
• What do the figures appear to be doing?
• What event does this cartoon deal with?

156. Document Based Questions
• Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?

157. Japan in the Pacific
• Hideki Tojo
Prime minister of
Japan & chief of
staff of Japan’s
Kwantung Army
invaded French,
British, & Dutch
colonies in Asia
hoping to unite
East Asia under
Japanese control

158. Japan took control of French Indochina (present day
Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos)

159. • According to the
cartoon, how
does the U.S.
respond to
Japanese
militaristic
expansion?
• protested by
cutting off trade
with Japan
(embargo)
• Japan couldn’t
survive without
oil

160. Was the American
government aware that the
Japanese might attack the
U.S. after the oil embargo?
How did the U.S. feel about
this possibility?
Why might the U.S. have
wanted the Japanese to
attack first?

161. Peace Talks?
• Nov 5, 1941 Hideki Tojo ordered the Japanese
military to prepare for an attack on the U.S.
• U.S military had broken Japan’s secret
communication codes & learned that Japan was
preparing for a strike but didn’t know where
• FDR sent out a “war warning” to military
commanders in Hawaii, Guam, & the Philippines that,
“the U.S. desires that Japan commit the first overt
act.”
• Dec 6, 1941 U.S. decoded a Japanese message that
instructed the Japan’s peace envoy to reject all
American peace proposals
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Af10ZxmjogQ Pearl
Harbor video clip 31:37-33:52

162. Pearl Harbor• Dec 7, 1941
Japanese dive
bombers
attacked U.S.
naval base at
Pearl Harbor
• 180 Japanese
warplanes
launched from
6 aircraft
carriers
bombed targets
until 9:30 am
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Af10ZxmjogQ 36:58-38:56

163. Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit of a Japanese Pilot http://www.yout
ube.com/watch?
v=Af10Zxmjog
Q 48:18-49:12
intercepting
messages
1:03:32-1:04:17
1:05-1:09
1:18:45
•Japanese killed 2,403 Americans wounded 1,178.
•Damaged 21 ships, including 8 battleships
•300 aircraft were destroyed or damaged
•3 aircraft carriers were at sea managed to escape
disaster

164. Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto
http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/multimedia/i
nteractive/pearl-harbor/?ar_a=1 interactive Pearl Harbor
timeline

165. USS Arizona, Pearl Harbor
a bomb penetrated into the forward magazine causing
massive explosions and killing 1,104 men.

166. Pearl Harbor Memorial
2,403 Americans Dead!

167. Pearl Harbor - Dec. 7, 1941
The USS Shaw explodes during the Japanese air raid.
A date which will live in infamy!

168. Exit Ticket
• Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?
• Cite 3 reasons using the documents as
evidence.