Daniel Burnham - Built skyscrapers in Chicago such as the Fisher Building 2. What material did D.H. Burnham pioneer the use of in skyscrapers?

1. Wal-Mart increases minimum wage
• http://money.cnn.com/2015/02/19/news/co
mpanies/walmart-wages/

2. Chapter 15:
IMMIGRATIONAND
URBANIZATIONObjectives:
1.Explain how U.S. immigration patterns changed during the
late 1800s.
2.Describe the challenges immigrants faced in a new life.
3.Why some people were against immigration.
Key Vocabulary:
Ellis Island, Angel Island, melting pot,
nativism, Chinese Exclusion Act,
Gentleman’s Agreement

3. Academic Vocabulary
• Persecution- punishment for your beliefs
• Push factor- reason to leave a place
• Pull factor- reason to enter a new place

4. Maps
• http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/03/10/us/20090
310-immigration-explorer.html
• http://www.pbs.org/destinationamerica/usim_wn.html
• http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/present
ationsandactivities/presentations/immigration/cuban4.ht
ml

5. Arrival at Ellis Island
• http://my.hrw.com/SocialStudies/ss_2010/
student/hs_american_survey/bookpages/li
brary/videos/video.html?
shortvid=722240938001&longvid=722240
938001_long&title=Arrival at Ellis Island

6. The New Immigrants

7. Why are immigrants coming to
America?
• Between 1870 and 1920, about 20
million Europeans immigrated to the US
• Many came from eastern and southern
Europe
• Why did they come:
»Escape religious persecution
»Many were poor, looking to improve
their lives
»Others wanted greater freedom

8. Ellis Island

10. Irish Immigrants

11. Immigrant’s Arrival

12. Immigrants await
Examinations

13. Quick-Write
• Looking at the images, generate (think
of) a list of 5-10 words related the
pictures.
• Copy the words from the class list.
• Then, use all of the words on the class
list to write a paragraph about the
immigrants’ arrival on Ellis Island.

14. Class List

15. Immigrants from Asia
• A smaller number of immigrants came
from Asia
• Around 200,000 Chinese immigrants
came between 1851 to 1883
• They arrived on the West Coast
– Many Chinese immigrants helped to
build the nation’s transcontinental
railroad

16. More Immigrants
• When Hawaii was annexed in 1898,
several thousand Japanese immigrants
came to the US
• More immigrants came from various
islands in the Caribbean Sea
• Many Mexicans came to the US, about a
million between 1910-1930

17. Life in the New Land
• Immigrants traveled by steamship, harsh
conditions on the ships (many died
before reaching the US)
• Once here immigrants were inspected at
either
– Ellis Island (New York)
– Angel Island (San Francisco)
Officials at these 2 inspection stations
deiced if immigrants could enter the
country or if they had to return to
their native country

18. Anti- Immigration measures
• Chinese Exclusion Act- banned entry of
all Chinese to US from 1892- 1943
• Nativism- favoritism toward American-
born, Racism, prejudice against
immigrants

19. Old World to New
• http://my.hrw.com/SocialStudies/ss_2010/
student/hs_american_survey/bookpages/li
brary/videos/video.html?
shortvid=721472781001&longvid=721472
781001_long&title=Italians in America: Old
World, New Land

20. Melting Pot
• Melting pot- blend of different
cultures who abandon their native
culture

22. Where did they come??
Angel Island,
CA Ellis Island,
NY

24. Ellis and Angel Island
• http://www.fasttrackteaching.com/b
urns/Unit_4_Cities/U4_Ellis_Island
_NYC.html

25. Godfather Ellis Island
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=ubT-Bm36L2U
Vito Corleone goes
through the Ellis
Island Process

28. Angel Island
• http://my.hrw.com/SocialStudies/ss
_2010/student/hs_american_survey/
bookpages/library/videos/video.html
?
shortvid=721472791001&longvid=721
472791001_long&title=Angel Island:
Ellis Island of the West

29. Adjusting to Life in America
• A new country and a new language was a
great challenge for immigrants
• Many immigrants settled in communities
with other immigrants from the same
country
• They also formed organizations to help
each other (start of gangs in the big
cities)

30. Immigration Restrictions
• By the turn of the century, some called
American a melting pot, a blend of
different cultures and races
• Many new immigrants refused to give up
their culture to become par of American
society
• The arrival of immigrants led to the growth of
NATIVISM, the preference for native-born
Americans

31. Nativism
• Anti-immigration- Pro- American-
favoritism toward Native-born Americans
–Effects:
• Led to prejudice, racism Chinese
Exclusion Act
• Anti- Catholic or Anti- Jewish attacks,
barred from jobs

32. Asian Immigrants
vs.
Nativism
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=pw3i1X8_qUY&list=PLdCveToCwRN
-_R8n0nC5n-r3v_J94psGh

33. Chinese Exclusion Act
• After examining the documents, please
answer in 2-3 paragraphs (one-
page,written):
• What factors contributed to the
Chinese Exclusion Act? Why did
Americans pass the Act in 1882?
Hand in by end of period!

34. 15-2: Challenges of Urbanization
• Objectives:
• - Describe movement of immigrants into cities
• Explain how cities dealt with housing and other
problems
• How organizations helped immigrants in cities
Vocabulary:
Urbanization, Americanization movement,
tenement, mass transit, Social Gospel
movement, settlement house, Jane Addams

35. New
Architectural
Style
New
Architectural
Style
New
Use of
Space
New
Use of
Space
New
Class
Diversity
New
Class
Diversity
New EnergyNew Energy
New Culture
(“Melting Pot”)
New Culture
(“Melting Pot”)
New Form of
Classic “Rugged
Individualism”
New Form of
Classic “Rugged
Individualism”
New Levels
of Crime,
Violence, &
Corruption
New Levels
of Crime,
Violence, &
Corruption
Make
a New
Start
Make
a New
Start
New
Symbols of
Change &
Progress
New
Symbols of
Change &
Progress
The City as a
New “Frontier?”
The City as a
New “Frontier?”

36. Characteristics ofCharacteristics of
UrbanizationUrbanization
During the Gilded AgeDuring the Gilded Age1.1. Megalopolis.Megalopolis.
2.2. Mass Transit.Mass Transit.
3.3. Magnet for economic and socialMagnet for economic and social
opportunities.opportunities.
4.4. Pronounced class distinctions.Pronounced class distinctions.
- Inner & outer core- Inner & outer core
5.5. New frontier of opportunity for women.New frontier of opportunity for women.
6.6. Squalid living conditions for many.Squalid living conditions for many.
7.7. Political machines.Political machines.
8.8. Ethnic neighborhoods.Ethnic neighborhoods.

37. Quiz Questions
1. What are two characteristics of
urbanization?

38. Big Question- hand in!
1-2 paragraphs- 10 minutes-10 points
• Compare the lives of immigrants
living in cities today vs. in the late
1800s/early 1900s. What do you
think is similar/different about their
experiences?

39. The
Challenges
of
Urbanization

43. Urbanization
• Rapid growth of cities, was centered in
areas in the Northeast and Midwest
• Most immigrants settled in American Cities
(Boston, New York City, Philadelphia)
• Cities offered jobs in mills and
factories

44. Making Immigrants “American”
• Americanization Movement: program
designed to absorb immigrants into the
American culture
• This program was supported by the
government and concerned American
citizens
• Programs to teach English, cooking, and
social etiquette (manners)

45. Urban Problems
• Housing
• Transportation
• Water
• Sanitation
• Crime
• Fire

46. Real Gangs of New York
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=Idp7fLSo-nE

47. Problems Facing Immigrants in the
1880-1900s
• Few jobs
• Overcrowded cities
• Nativism
• Racism
• Violence
• Unsafe Workplaces
• Gang violence
• Didn’t speak the
language
• Unclean living
conditions
• Ward Bosses
• Poverty
• Broken Dream of going
West
• Social Darwinism

48. Create this “T”-Chart & complete it
Immigrants’ Vision of America Reality of America
(1) Streets paved in gold (1)
(2) (2)prejudice
(3) Free land (3)
(4) (4)

49. Reformers
• Social Gospel movement: reform
program that preached service to the poor
• Created community centers in the slums
to help the people in the cities
• Jane Addams: important member-created
Chicago’s Hull House

50. Jane Addams
Founder of the Hull House, Chicago

51. Jane Addams
• http://education-
portal.com/academy/lesson/jane-addams-
impact-on-education.html
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=NiVsH9ICfVk&list=PLmrQ3YhENWak-
KS2nmM9VJBjAtKcYGZhe&index=3
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=AfqbPW3MDVk&index=4&list=PLmrQ3
YhENWak-KS2nmM9VJBjAtKcYGZhe

52. Hull House
• http://castle.eiu.edu/~wow/classes/fa07/japictures.html

53. Hull House today

54. Problems Facing Immigrants in the
1880-1900s
• Few jobs
• Overcrowded cities
• Nativism
• Racism
• Violence
• Unsafe Workplaces
• Gang violence
• Didn’t speak the
language
• Unclean living
conditions
• Ward Bosses
• Poverty
• Broken Dream of going West
• Social Darwinism

55. Writing Assignment
• In a 4 paragraph response, please answer the
following prompt
Why did Immigrants leave their home
countries to come to America, and
what were three problems they ran
into once they arrived?

56. Essay Outline:
• Paragraph #1: Introduction (countries of origin,
reasons for immigration, problems they faced)
• Paragraph #2: 1st
problem
• Paragraph #3: 2nd
problem
• Paragraph #4: Conclusion (review two major issues
they ran into, discuss why immigrants stayed in the
USA even if their lives were difficult)

57. By: Susan M. Pojer
Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
By: Susan M. Pojer
Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

59. William Le BaronWilliam Le Baron
JenneyJenney
 1832 – 19071832 – 1907
 ““Father ofFather of
the Modernthe Modern
Skyscraper”Skyscraper”

60. W. LeW. Le
BaronBaron
Jenney:Jenney:
CentralCentral
Y.M.C.A.,Y.M.C.A.,
Chicago,Chicago,
18911891

61. Louis SullivanLouis Sullivan
 1856 – 19241856 – 1924
 The ChicagoThe Chicago
School ofSchool of
ArchitectureArchitecture
 Form followsForm follows
function!function!

62. LouisLouis
Sullivan:Sullivan:
Bayard Bldg.,Bayard Bldg.,
NYC,NYC,
18971897

63. Louis Sullivan: Carson, Pirie,Louis Sullivan: Carson, Pirie,
ScottScott
Dept. Store, Chicago, 1899Dept. Store, Chicago, 1899

64. 1. Name two famous skyscraper architects
and list where they built skyscrapers:

65. D. H. Burnham
 1846 – 19121846 – 1912
 Use of steelUse of steel
as a superas a super
structure.structure.

66. DH Burnham:DH Burnham:
Fisher [Apt.] Bldg,Fisher [Apt.] Bldg,
Chicago, 1896Chicago, 1896

67. D. H. Burnham:D. H. Burnham:
Marshall Fields Dept. Store,Marshall Fields Dept. Store,
19021902

68. DH Burnham:DH Burnham:
Railway Exchange,Railway Exchange,
Chicago, 1904Chicago, 1904

69. Frank Lloyd WrightFrank Lloyd Wright
 1869 – 19591869 – 1959
 ““Prairie House”Prairie House”
School ofSchool of
ArchitectureArchitecture
 ““OrganicOrganic
Architecture”Architecture”
 FunctionFunction
follows form!follows form!

70. Frank Lloyd Wright:Frank Lloyd Wright:
Allen-Lamb House, 1915Allen-Lamb House, 1915

71. Frank Lloyd Wright:Frank Lloyd Wright:
Hollyhock House [LosHollyhock House [Los
Angeles], 1917Angeles], 1917

72. Frank Lloyd Wright:Frank Lloyd Wright:
“Falling Waters”, 1936“Falling Waters”, 1936

73. Interior of “Falling Waters”Interior of “Falling Waters”

74. F. L. Wright FurnitureF. L. Wright Furniture

75. F. L. Wright Glass ScreensF. L. Wright Glass Screens
Prairie wheat patterns.Prairie wheat patterns.

76. Frank Lloyd Wright:Frank Lloyd Wright:
Susan Lawrence DanaSusan Lawrence Dana
House, Springfield, IL -House, Springfield, IL -
19021902

77. Frank Lloyd Wright:Frank Lloyd Wright:
Johnson Wax Bldg. – Racine,Johnson Wax Bldg. – Racine,
WI, 1936WI, 1936

78. Frank Lloyd Wright:Frank Lloyd Wright:
Guggenheim Museum, NYC - 1959Guggenheim Museum, NYC - 1959

80. New York City Architectural Style:New York City Architectural Style:
1870s-1910s1870s-1910s
1.1. The style was less innovative thanThe style was less innovative than
in Chicago.in Chicago.
2.2. NYC was the source of the capital forNYC was the source of the capital for
Chicago.Chicago.
3.3. Most major business firms had theirMost major business firms had their
headquarters in NYCheadquarters in NYC  their bldgs.their bldgs.
became “logos” for their companies.became “logos” for their companies.
4.4. NYC buildings and skyscrapers wereNYC buildings and skyscrapers were
taller than in Chicago.taller than in Chicago.

81. WesternWestern
UnionUnion
Bldg,.Bldg,.
NYC -NYC -
18751875

82. ManhattanManhattan
LifeLife
InsuranceInsurance
Bldg.Bldg.
NYC - 1893NYC - 1893

83. SingerSinger
BuildingBuilding
NYC -NYC -
19021902

84. WoolwoWoolwo
rthrth
Bldg.Bldg.
NYC -NYC -
19111911

85. FlatironFlatiron
BuildingBuilding
NYC –NYC –
19021902
D. H.D. H.
BurnhaBurnha

86. Grand Central Station, 1913Grand Central Station, 1913

87. John A. Roebling:John A. Roebling:
The Brooklyn Bridge,The Brooklyn Bridge,
18831883

88. John A. Roebling:John A. Roebling:
The Brooklyn Bridge,The Brooklyn Bridge,
19131913

89. Mini- Quiz
• Name two famous buildings in New York
City that were built in the early 20th
century:

90. Statue of Liberty, 1876Statue of Liberty, 1876
(Frederic Auguste Bartholdi)(Frederic Auguste Bartholdi)

91. ““Dumbell “Dumbell “
TenementTenement

92. ““Dumbell “ Tenement,Dumbell “ Tenement,
NYCNYC

93. JacobJacob
Riis:Riis:
How theHow the
Other HalfOther Half
LivedLived
(1890)(1890)

94. Mini Quiz
• Who was Jacob Riis?

95. Tenement Slum LivingTenement Slum Living

96. Lodgers HuddledLodgers Huddled
TogetherTogether

97. Tenement Slum LivingTenement Slum Living

98. Struggling ImmigrantStruggling Immigrant
FamiliesFamilies

99. Mini Quiz
1. How did immigrants in tenements live?

100. Mulberry Street – “LittleMulberry Street – “Little
Italy”Italy”

101. St.St.
Patrick’sPatrick’s
CathedralCathedral

102. Hester Street – JewishHester Street – Jewish
SectionSection

103. 19001900
RoshRosh
HashanahHashanah
GreetingGreeting
CardCard

104. Pell St. - Chinatown,Pell St. - Chinatown,
NYCNYC

105. Mini Quiz
1. Name two ethnic neighborhoods in New York City and list
the ethnic group who lives there.
2. Why do you think immigrants lived near each other?

106. Urban Growth: 1870 - 1900Urban Growth: 1870 - 1900
1. Which cities experienced the highest population increase from 1870- 1900?
2. Why do you think these cities experienced the most growth?
3. Which cities experienced population decreases?

107. Life in the Gilded Age
• Images/ ppt.