1) Many people moved west during the late 1800s seeking opportunities like free land, gold, and a new start. This included white male settlers, female settlers, and African Americans fleeing the South.
2) The Homestead Act of 1862 gave settlers 160 acres of free land if they farmed it for 5 years, attracting many new homesteaders. However, large land companies illegally took much of the best land.
3) Settlers faced many hardships on the frontier like building sod homes and surviving harsh winters with few amenities. Pioneering required strength and cooperation within communities.
First and second lectures for second year ISLN students in American history. The lectures focus on the economic political and social divide of the American nation in 1860-1865
First and second lectures for second year ISLN students in American history. The lectures focus on the economic political and social divide of the American nation in 1860-1865
This presentation is of the sectional crises over states' rights and slavery's westward expansion that gave way to American Civil War. It is the fourth in a series of textbook/lecture substitutes designed for students in a college seminar on the Civil War and Reconstruction.
This presentation is of the sectional crises over states' rights and slavery's westward expansion that gave way to American Civil War. It is the fourth in a series of textbook/lecture substitutes designed for students in a college seminar on the Civil War and Reconstruction.
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Running head HISTORY OF SLAVERY HISTORY OF SLAVERY 2H.docxgemaherd
Running head: HISTORY OF SLAVERY
HISTORY OF SLAVERY
2
History of Slavery
Introduction
Slavery is the ownership of one human being by another and it has existed throughout history and thus it is by no chance people are found mistreating others. The issue of slavery began in the 1960 where Africans were being transported to North America as slaves. On arrival, they would then be forced to work on plantations or mines while there are those who were forced to be servants in homes. Additionally, most of the slaves could money which they used to buy their freedom, other could get married, while there are those who could testify in courts and as a result they would earn land illegally. In 1600, the African American also started becoming slaves in the American colonies and most of the laves were found in the south due to the fact that this is where land plantations of cotton were found as well as other crops that were grown here and needed people to take care of the land(Davis, 2016). However, the north did not need many slaves. This essay will examine the history of slaver, where it began and how the slaves were treated and finally when it came to an end.
In 1800, the plantation workers were referred to as the field hands since their duties including picking and planting cotton. This was among the most tiring and longest job because they picked cotton form morning to evening. Moreover, the slaves that worked in the homes of their master were called servants and their duties included cooking and doing laundry(Eltis, Engerman, Drescher, & Richardson, 2017). On the other hand, other slaves were trained to do different kinds of jobs and they were only trained as the white people did not want them to learn how to read and write because they thought that when the black learned, they would be encouraged to run away.
Additionally, there were the slaves’ masters who supervised the slaves and the works that they used to do. Some of the masters were very kind and they could even reward the slaves for the good job by giving them money and gifts while other masters were very cruel since they could punish the slaves and treat them very poorly(Gaffield, 2016). To add to that note, the slaves who worked in the mines and in the cotton plantations were treated very poorly as they were most of the time punished. However, the servantsin the homes were treated as one of the members of the family that they were serving. Some of the slaves could sometimes be lucky due to the fact that they could be freed upon the death of their master who could leave behind a will that led to the freedom of the slaves. Once they were free, the slaves created their own common language as well as music and their religion assisted them to get through the rough times and most of the religion that was used by the slaves was the African and the Christian beliefs. The African continued worshipping as they did while they were in their homes.
Moreover, there was the Underground Railro ...
3. The West: Big ?’s
1) What might be some ways to
make a living on the Western
frontier? (Jobs)
2) If Native Americans already lived
on the Great Plains how will they
react to white settlers moving in?
3) What types of people would move
out west during the late 1800s?
4. Changes in the Western
Frontier
Completepp. 8-9NOW!!
Homework:
Entirepacket upto P.11packet dueWeds.
5. Settling the frontier Notes
Read the article “Settling the Frontier.”
Answer the following in your notes/notebook.
1. Compare and contrast the reasons for
settlement between African Americans and
white settlers.
2. List 3 reasons for settlement and rank them in
order of importance (based on your opinion).
3. What is the difference between a “boomer”
and “solid folk”?
6. 1. Make a chart below listing the advantages
and
Disadvantages of frontier life.Advantages Disadvantages
8. White Male
Settlers
Female settlers African
Americans
“Exodusters”
US citizens
European immigrants
(1)Search for gold, land,
success
(2)Freedom in a new
land
(3)Chance for a new life
(far away from the
cities)
Homesteaders,
farmers, miners,
cowboys, ranchers,
law-men, etc.
9. White Male
Settlers
Female settlers African
Americans
“Exodusters”
US citizens
European immigrants
Wives & mothers
Business women
Frontier women
(1)Search for gold, land,
success
(2)Freedom in a new
land
(3)Chance for a new life
(far away from the
cities)
(1)Followed husbands
(2)Search for a new life
(3)Search for success
Homesteaders, farmers,
miners, cowboys,
ranchers, law-men, etc.
Homesteaders,
ranchers, teachers,
(mail-order-brides), etc.
10. White Male
Settlers
Female settlers African
Americans
“Exodusters”
US citizens
European immigrants
Wives & mothers
Business women
Frontier women
Newly freed slaves
(men & women)
Free black men &
women
(1)Search for gold, land,
success
(2)Freedom in a new
land
(3)Chance for a new life
(far away from the
cities)
(1)Followed husbands
(2)Search for a new
life
(3)Search for success
(1)New life
(2)Freedom
(3)Escape from black
codes &
Reconstruction
(4)Search for work
Homesteaders, farmers,
miners, cowboys,
ranchers, law-men, etc.
Homesteaders,
ranchers, teachers,
(mail-order-brides), etc.
SAME JOBS as white
males & women
11. 11
In 1862, Congress passed the
Homestead Act. Under the act, the
government gave 160 acres of land to
anyone who farmed for 5 years. The
government wanted to encourage
farmers to settle in the West. They
also wanted to give poor people in the
East a chance to own their own farm.
Section 3: Farming Homestead Act
Many Easterners rushed to
accept this offer for free land.
These people who accepted the
offer of land were called
homesteaders. By 1900, half a
million farmers have settled on
the Great Plains under the
Homestead Act.
12. 12
African Americans joined in the rush for land. In 1879, a group
of African Americans decided to move to Kansas. They called
themselves the Exodusters. They took their name from the
Bible. White Southerners did not want to lose a cheaper labor
supplied by the African Americans. To prevent the African
Americans from leaving, whites stopped the boats carrying the
African Americans up the Mississippi. Despite the danger,
between 40,000 and 70,000 African Americans moved to Kansas
in 1881.
The Homestead Act had its problems. Only about 20% of the
homestead land originally went to small farmers. Big land
owning companies took large areas of land illegally. They
divided the land and then resold it to farmer’s high price.
13. 13
Many farmers made their homes from soil because
wood was rarely found on the plains. They called
these homes sod homes.
Plows made of steel enabled farmers to break up the ground
for planting. It enabled sodbusters, or the plains farmers, to
cut through the sod and reach the soil below.
14. 14
In the 1860’s farmers began to work
together. They believed if they
worked together they could improve
their farming conditions through
economic cooperation and political
action. They formed an
organization called the
National Grange. Grangers helped
farmers set up cooperatives. In a
cooperative, farmers pooled their
money together to buy seed and
other tools wholesale. Wholesale
means buying or selling things in
large quantities at lower prices.
15. 15
People to be strong to survive the hardships of life
on the Great Plains. Women made clothing, quilts,
soap, candles, and other goods by hand. They also
have to cook and preserve all food needed through
the long winter. They had to educate the children.
They also treated the sick and injured because
there were no doctor’s nearby. People lived miles
apart so they enjoyed the chance to get together
with other families. Picnics, dances, and weddings
were special events.
Women and the PlainsWomen and the Plains
16.
17. White Male
Settlers
Female settlers African
Americans
“Exodusters”
US citizens
European immigrants
Wives & mothers
Business women
Frontier women
Newly freed slaves
(men & women)
Free black men & women
(1) Search for gold, land,
success
(2) Freedom in a new land
(3) Chance for a new life
(far away from the cities)
(1) Followed husbands
(2) Search for a new life
(3) Search for success
(1) New life
(2) Freedom
(3) Escape from black
codes & Reconstruction
(4) Search for work
Homesteaders, farmers,
miners, cowboys, ranchers,
law-men, etc.
Homesteaders, ranchers,
teachers, (mail-order-
brides), etc.
SAME JOBS as white
males & women
18.
19. Economic
($/Jobs)
Social Political
• Household income
$21,000
• -$14,000 less than
average family in
South Dakota
• 1/3 of Sioux
families living on
the reservation
lack electricity
• High School drop
out rate 50%
• Alcoholism & drug
abuse common
• Poor diet
• High rates of
obesity
• Low life
expectancy
• 20 years less than
average American
• Life of Reservation
leads to isolation
• Welfare—limits
spending on
reservation
• Representation in
government
24. Populist PartyPopulist Party
• The People's Party, also known as the
Populist Party was a short-lived political
party in the United States in the late 19th
century
• It grew mainly among western farmers
• Based largely on its conflict to the gold
standard.
25.
26. 26
In 1896 farmers and labor unions joined together to
form the Populist Party. The Populist Party demanded
government to help with the falling farm prices and the
regulation of railroad rates. They also called for an
income tax, an 8-hour workday, and limits on
immigration. They argued that an increasing money
supply would cause inflation, or increased prices.
27. 27
What does this political cartoon tell you about the Populist Party?
28. 28
At the end of 1896,
the Populist Party
broke up and
William McKinley
became the new
President.
President William McKinley
29. 29
The Democratic Party took up a number of the populist
demands. Even though the Populist Party died, many
any ideas lived on. In the years ahead, the 8-hour
workday became standard for American workers. In
1913, the states ratified an amendment authorizing an
income tax.
30. 30
Did you know that the movie, The Wizard of Oz
was based on Populist beliefs and theories?
Click on the picture to learn more.