The document discusses tensions between the North and South leading up to the Civil War. It describes key events like the Kansas-Nebraska Act which repealed the Missouri Compromise and allowed settlers to decide if they would permit slavery, fueling violence in "Bleeding Kansas." The Dred Scott decision inflamed tensions by ruling that slaves were property and blacks could not be citizens. The Lincoln-Douglas debates saw Lincoln argue against slavery's expansion while Douglas supported popular sovereignty. John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry further raised tensions before Southern states began seceding from the Union.

1. The Union in Peril
Chapter 10, pp. 302- 334

2. WARM- UP/ TEXTBOOK WALK
In your notebook/paper, please answer the
following:
1. What is the name of Ch. 10?
2. What page/color section is the index? What is it used
for?
3. On what page/ section can you find reference maps?
4. Name one topic from Chs. 10- 20 that you would like
to know more about.
5. Name one topic from Chs. 10- 20 in which you
already know about.

3. The Slave System
 Eli Whitney’s invention of cotton gin=
separated seeds from cotton increased
speed of cotton production
 Made cotton industry extremely profitable $$
$$ to South
 Cotton belt- an area from North Carolina to
Texas that relied on cotton production for
economy

4. Cotton Belt and Trade

5. Plantation slaves

6. How did they come?
 The Middle Passage- Long journey of slaves
across the Atlantic Ocean
 Sold at Slave auctions

7. Slave Auctions

12. The Middle Passage
 Long journey of transporting slaves across the Atlantic Ocean
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCHvD2DyWeY
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vo-JejTp7O4
 Assignment: What was your reaction to the clip?
The main idea of the clip was_______________________________________
______________________________________________________________.
After seeing this, I
felt_____________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
_______
______________________________________________________________.
I felt this way because (for example),
_________________________________
______________________________________________________________

13. Response- on notebook paper, hand
in
 Based on viewing the clip and looking through
the images book “From Slave Ship to Freedom
Road” answer the following questions in at
least one full paragraph:
1. What shocked you the most after viewing?
2. What do you think would be the most difficult
part of the slave journey?
3. Why do you think this continued to occur?

14. Nat Turner’s Rebellion
 Most violent slave revolt in history
 Nat Turner- slave who led a group of slaves
to kill 60 white people, 100 slaves killed
 Turner put on trial and executed
 Stricter slave codes in place as result
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Oad2tY-RPc

15.  http://www.nationalgeographic.com/railroad/

17. What was it?
 The Underground Railroad, a
large network of people who
helped fugitive slaves escape
to the North and to Canada.

18. Who Helped?
 Not run by any single organization
or person.
 Made up of many individuals --
many whites but mainly black --
who knew only of the local efforts to
aid fugitives and not of the overall
operation.

19. What did it do?
 Moved hundreds of slaves northward
each year
 South lost 100,000 slaves between
1810 and 1850.

23.  http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?
video_id=19374
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Zgdv-
E64Mg- William Still and the Underground
RR
 http://www.history.com/topics/underground-
railroad

24. Think pair share- Primary Source
 Turn to the last page in your yellow packet –
Primary Source- “The Underground Railroad”
 Read silently- highlight the “pros” of being a
conductor in one color and the “cons” in
another
 Answer #1-3- then discuss with your neighbor

25. The Language of Quilts
Monkey Wrench Quilt Pattern
If people displayed a quilt sewn in the Monkey
Wrench pattern, it was a signal. It told them it
was time to gather the tools they needed for
their journey. These tools might be real tools.
They might also be tools like courage and
awareness
Drunkard’s Path Pattern
The Drunkard’s Path quilt would remind them
to travel in a zigzag pattern as they traveled to
confuse those who might be following them.
This patterned quilt may also have represented
the placement of “stations” of the Underground
Railroad in a certain area.

26. Today’s Big Question:
What were the major differences
between the northern and
southern states before the Civil
War? How will these difference
help and hurt the states when
the war breaks out?

27. Divisive Politics of Slavery
 Debate over slavery
 Some states wanted popular sovereignty
(power for people to decide if they wanted
slavery permitted or not)
 Some states wanted to keep slavery
 New states wanted to decide for themselves

29. Differences Between the North and the South
Use pp. 304- 305 with a partner
North South

30. Differences Between the North and the South
North South
Industrial
Railroads
Factories
Many Immigrants
Capital**

31. Differences Between the North and the South
North South
Industrial
Railroads
Factories
Many Immigrants
Capital**
Rural
Agricultural based
Little industry
Few Railroads
Few Immigrants

32. Free and Slaves States, 1820

33. Free and Slave States 1860

34. Exit ticket- on notebook paper!
 What regional differences still exist today
between the North and South, or other regions
of the U.S.? How can this cause conflict?
Modern day examples??

35. The Divisive Politics
of Slavery

36. Divisive Politics of Slavery
 Debate over slavery
 Some states wanted popular sovereignty
(power for people to decide if they wanted
slavery permitted or not)
 Some states wanted to keep slavery
 New states wanted to decide for themselves

37. Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
NextPrevious
The Americans
Chapter 10
Statehood for California
• 1850, CA writes constitution; elects leaders; applies for statehood
• Pres. Zachary Taylor supports admission of California as free state
• Recommends to angry South that slavery be decided by each territory
Slavery in the Territories
The Wilmot Proviso
• Wilmot Proviso—no slavery in territory acquired from Mexico
• North: slave territory adds slave states; no jobs for free workers
• South: slaves are property under Constitution; fear more free
states

39. Event North’s Reaction South’s Reaction
The Wilmot
Proviso
California
asks to be
admitted as a
state
(they want to
be free of
slavery)

40. Event North’s Reaction South’s Reaction
The Wilmot
Proviso
Favored the bill, would
ban slavery in new
land
Angry! Said that
people had the right
to slavery since
slaves were
“property”
Never becomes law!!!
California
asks to be
admitted as a
state
(they want to
be free of
slavery)

41. Event North’s Reaction South’s Reaction
The Wilmot
Proviso
Favored the bill, would
ban slavery in new
land
Angry! Said that
people had the right
to slavery since
slaves were
“property”
Never becomes law!!!
California
asks to be
admitted as a
state
(they want to
be free of
slavery)
Happy! President Taylor
backed it
Angry Again! Said
California should be a
slave state Missouri
Line

42. EXIT TICKET
• What do you think was the most important difference
between the North and South before the war? How may this
difference help or hurt them in the war later?
• Written response!!

43. Compromise of 1850
• California will be a Free State (no slavery
allowed!)
• Fugitive Slave Act is Passed
• Popular Sovereignty in the new territories

44. Compromise of 1850
• California will be a Free State (no slavery
allowed!) (1 point for the North)
• Fugitive Slave Act is Passed (1 point for the
South)
• Popular Sovereignty in the new territories
(each side gets one point)
The Score is Tied!
Just another temporary fix

45. Compromise of 1850
Terms of the Compromise
•Compromise has provisions to make North and South happy:
- California to be a free state
- more effective fugitive slave law
- popular sovereignty—residents of territory vote to
decide slavery
- government to pay Texas $10 million for its claim to
eastern NM
- slave trade banned in D.C. but slavery permitted
•Clay gives speech begging North and South to compromise,
save Union

46. The Debaters
Calhoun and Webster Respond
•Clay’s speech starts one of greatest debates in U.S. history
•John C. Calhoun presents Southern case for slavery in territories
•In famous speech, Daniel Webster calls for national unity
The Compromise is Adopted
•Senate rejects compromise; Clay leaves Washington
•Stephen A. Douglas reintroduces resolutions individually
•President Millard Filmore gives support; South decides to negotiate
 - Compromise of 1859 voted into law

47. What did they want?
Use pp. 307- 309 with a partner!
Clay Calhoun Webster

48. Fugitive Slave Act
 Made a crime to help runaway slaves-
allowed people to arrest slaves in free areas
 If people helped/hid a slave, they could face
jail time and fines up to $1,000
 People could earn money helping find
escaped slaves
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wtLoat_5TgQ

50. Reactions to Fugitive Slave Act
 Thousands of African Americans fled north to
Canada in fear
 Upset northerners (who were mostly against
slavery)

51. Abolitionists
Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad
• Underground Railroad—secret network of people who help slaves
escape
• Harriet Tubman escapes from slavery, becomes conductor on 19
trips
• Fugitives go on foot at night, often no food, avoiding armed patrols
• Some fugitives stayed in North; others go on to Canada
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
• Abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin stirs
protest
• Uncle Tom’s Cabin shows slavery as moral problem, not just
political

52. Uncle Tom’s Cabin
 Book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe
(northerner)
 Story about a slave facing horrible conditions
by his slave master and family
 South outraged- thought it over-exaggerated
slaves’ lives
 Most popular book of the day- over 2 million
copies sold

54. Tension in Kansas
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
• Douglas’s bill repeals Missouri Compromise; bitter debate ensues
• 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act allows popular sovereignty on slavery
The Race for Kansas
• Northern, Southern settlers pour into Kansas Territory
• Most settlers sent by antislavery emigrant aid societies
• In 1855, Kansas holds election for territorial legislature
• Proslavery “border ruffians” vote illegally, win fraudulent majority
• Proslavery government in Lecompton; antislavery rival in Topeka

55. Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
NextPrevious
The Americans
Chapter 10
Violence in the Senate
• Senator Charles Sumner verbally attacks colleagues, slavery
• Congressman Preston S. Brooks beats Sumner for insults to uncle
• Southerners applaud Brooks; Northerners condemn him
Violence Erupts in “Bleeding Kansas”
“The Pottawatomie Massacre”
• Abolitionist John Brown believes God wants him to fight slavery
• Brown, followers violently kill 5 men in “Pottawatomie Massacre”
• Territory called Bleeding Kansas for incidents that kill some 200

56. Charles Sumner caning

57. Packet Classwork due today:
 Pp. 12- 13 (should’ve already done 9-10)
 Pp. 15, 17, 21
 Use pp. 311- 317

58. Packet work due Tues. 10/7
 P. 22, 23 -24, 26

59. Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
NextPrevious
The Americans
Chapter 10
Nativism
• Nativism—belief in favoring native-born Americans over
immigrants
• Nativists form American Party (1854), known as Know-Nothing
Party
The Birth of the Republican Party
Section-3
New Political Parties Emerge
Slavery Divides Whigs
• Democrat Franklin Pierce elected president in 1852

60. Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
NextPrevious
The Americans
Chapter 10
The Free-Soilers
• Free-Soil Party opposes extension of slavery into
territories
• Many Free-Soilers not abolitionists; support
restrictions on blacks
• Object to slavery’s impact on white wage-based labor
force

61. Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
NextPrevious
The Americans
Chapter 10
The 1856 Election
• Republicans select John C. Frémont—mapped OR Trail, led troops in CA
• Democrat James Buchanan elected; secession averted
Antislavery Parties Form {continued}
Republican Party
• 1854, unhappy Whigs, Democrats, Free-Soilers form Republican Party
• Horace Greeley, abolitionist, helps found Republican party
• Republicans oppose slavery in territories; other opinions varied
• Main competition for voters is Know-Nothing Party

62. President Buchanan
 Very indecisive
 Presidency plagued by slavery-related
controversies
 The first, March 6, 1857 (The Dred Scott
Decision)

63. Dred Scott
 Dred Scott – an African-American slave.
 Taken by his master, an officer in the U.S. Army, from the
slave state of Missouri to the free state of Illinois and then to
the free territory of Wisconsin.
 He lived on free soil for a long time.
 Army ordered his master to go back to Missouri, he took Scott
with him back to that slave state, where his master died.
 In 1846, Scott was helped by Abolitionist (anti-slavery)
lawyers to sue for his freedom in court, claiming he should be
free since he had lived on free soil for a long time.
 The case went all the way to the United States Supreme Court.

64. The Dred Scott Decision
 The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Roger B.
Taney, was a former slave owner from Maryland.
 In March of 1857, Scott lost his case
 The Supreme Court declared no slave or descendant
of a slave could be a U.S. citizen, or ever had been a
U.S. citizen.
 As a non-citizen, the court stated, Scott had no rights
and could not sue in a Federal Court and must
remain a slave.

65. Results of the Dred Scott Decision
 At that time there were nearly 4 million slaves in
America
 The court's ruling affected the status of every
enslaved and free African-American in the United
States.
 North cited the controversial Supreme Court
decision as evidence that Southerners wanted to
extend slavery throughout the nation
 Southerners approved the Dred Scott decision
believing Congress had no right to prohibit slavery
in the territories.

66.  Overall, the Dred
Scott decision had the
effect of angering
more people
 More differences of
opinion between
North and South

67. Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
NextPrevious
The Americans
Chapter 10
Continued…
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Copy the chart below and use your p. 326 in your textbook to complete.
Lincoln’s position Douglas’ position
-Slavery is immoral/evil
-Stop the spread of slavery
-A law needs to be passed
To stop its spread
- Popular sovereignty will
solve the slavery problem

68. Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
NextPrevious
The Americans
Chapter 10
John Brown’s Hanging
• Brown is hanged for high treason, December 1859
• Many Northerners admire Brown; Southerners fear future uprisings
Passions Ignite
Harpers Ferry
• John Brown plans to start a slave uprising, needs weapons
• 1859, leads band to federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry to get
arms
• U.S. Marines put down rebellion, capture Brown

69. South secedes from the rest of the US
 Secede- to separate, break away
 South wanted to keep slavery, thought no
compromise could be reached
 South Carolina first decided to break apart
from US
 Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia,
Louisiana, Texas, formed their own “country”
called Confederate States of America
(Confederacy)

70. Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
NextPrevious
The Americans
Chapter 10
Continued…
Southern Secession
The Shaping of the Confederacy
• South Carolina and 6 other states secede:
- want complete independence from federal control
- fear end to their way of life
- want to preserve slave labor system
• Feb. 1861 Confederacy or Confederate States of America
forms
• Confederacy permits slavery, recognizes each state’s
sovereignty
• Former senator Jefferson Davis unanimously elected president

71. Map of Confederacy