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Mid term review
General Custer and 268 of his troops were killed at the Battle of Little Bighorn in 1876 in a major defeat by Native American forces led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse. Westward expansion in the 19th century was driven by gold miners, farmers, Chinese laborers, and European immigrants. The development of the West was also impacted by several key laws and events, including the Homestead Act of 1862 which gave settlers land, the Transcontinental Railroad which connected the country, and the invention of barbed wire which enabled the enclosure of open ranges.
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Mid term review
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- 3. What had animpact on the development and settlement of the West? Gold miners Farmers Chinese laborers Immigrants from Europe
- 4. What happened atLittle Big Horn?
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- 7. General Custer on horseback andhis U. S. Army troops make their last charge at the Battle of the Little Bighorn
- 8. Battle of theLittle Big Horn •“Custer’s Last Stand” •268 die (all of Custer’s 7th Cavalry) •Indians led by – Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull •Great Indian victory - - - but
- 9. Casualties ~200 killed (accordingto Yellow Horse, Red Horse and Little Buck Elk), 40 killed per the National Park Service ~268 killed (16 officers, 242 troopers, ~10 civilians/scouts), ~55 wounded Indians Cavalry
- 10. 18301830 INDIAN REMOVAL ACTINDIANREMOVAL ACT GOAL –GOAL – Remove all Indians fromRemove all Indians from southern and easternsouthern and eastern states west across thestates west across the MississippiMississippi
- 11. The Morrill Act1862 The college land grant act Federal land was given to states to sell for education purposes.
- 12. Homestead Act of1862 A homesteader had only to be the head of a household or at least 21 years of age to claim a 160 acre parcel of land. Settlers from all walks of life including newly arrived immigrants, farmers without land of their own from the East, single women and former slaves came to meet the challenge of "proving up" and keeping this "free land". Each homesteader had to live on the land, build a home, make improvements and farm for 5 years before they were eligible to "prove up". A total filing fee of $18 was the only money required, but sacrifice and hard work exacted a different price from the hopeful settlers.
- 13. The Pacific RailroadAct of 1862 The Pacific Railway Act was signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln on July 1, 1862. This act provided Federal government support for the building of the first transcontinental railroad, which was completed on May 10, 1869
- 14. The Transcontinental Railroad Connectedthe Union Pacific and the Central Pacific railroads Connected at Promontory Summit, Utah on May 10, 1869
- 15. Joseph Glidden andthe Open Range The inventor of barbed wire His invention closed the Open Range by the 1890’s.
- 16. The Louisiana Purchase 1803 $15Million Dollars Bought from France Doubled the size of the United States
- 17. Adams-Onis TreatyAdams-Onis Treaty 18191819 Spaincedes FloridaSpain cedes Florida
- 18. Treaty of GuadalupeHidalgo Result – The Mexican Cession Treaty ended the war – got California, NM, AZ, NV Lots of land !!!!!
- 19. Oregon Territory Polk negotiated with England – dividedat the 49th parallel
- 20. The Gadsden Purchase Smallstrip of land purchased for $10 million – needed for the railroads Southern Arizona – SWNew Mexico
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- 22. Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922) Founder of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) 1876 Telephone Mother and Wife were deaf InventorsInventors
- 23. Thomas A. Edison(1847-1931) The Wizard of Menlo Park Holds 1,093 US patents Electric light bulb Phonograph Motion picture camera InventorsInventors
- 24. Elias Howe (1819-1867) 1846 Thefirst sewing machine to use a lockstitch design. InventorsInventors
- 25. Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919) Steel Industry Created Carnegie Steal Brought the Bessemer Steel process to the United States Philanthropist Involved in the Homestead Strike in 1892 ENTREPRENEURS
- 26. John D. Rockefeller(1839- 1937) Oil Industry Standard Oil Company (Exxon, Mobil, Chevron) University of Chicago Rockefeller Center, New York City, NY ENTREPRENEURS
- 27. Wright Brothers Orville andWilbur (1871-1948) (1867-1912) 1903 Airplane The first sustained flight of a powered heaver- than-air aircraft Kitty Hawk, North Carolina 1903 InventorsInventors
- 28. The Second IndustrialRevolution
- 29. The Homestead SteelStrike 1892 Homestead Works near Pittsburgh, Pa. Andrew Carnegie and H.C. Frick Frick and Carnegie wanted to bust up the unions in the factory June 29 a lockout began. Frick brings in 300 Pinkertons to protect the factory.
- 30. The Homestead SteelStrike 1892 On July 6th , 1892 a fight breaks out between the Pinkertons and the workers. 6 workers and 3 Pinkertons were killed with many more hurt. Eventually federal troops were brought in. Result- Public opinion of the unions fell and the Union ended at the factory.
- 31. Ellis Island Port ofentry on the east coast – over 16 million people (1 million a year – 5 thousand a day)
- 32. Landing on EllisIsland: The immigrants are brought in barges from the ships to the Island.
- 33. Angel IslandAngel Island ““EllisIsland of the West”Ellis Island of the West”
- 34. Angel Island Port ofentry on the west coast Processed over 1 million **slower process – sometimes months No privacy – harsh conditions
- 35. The Progressive Era-1890-1920
- 36. Who were theprogressives? Progressives were: Men and Women Democrats, Republicans, and Populists Labor unionist and business executives Teachers and professors Christians, atheists and agnostics They were mostly middle-class urban reformers They were good well intentioned people focused on improving the quality of life through change in society and government.
- 37. The Origins ofProgressivism As America entered the 20th century, middle class reformers at the municipal, state, and national levels addressed the problems of the Gilded Age including: Economic inequities Environmental issues Social welfare Working conditions Rights for women and children
- 38. The Four goalsof Reform Protect social welfare Promote moral development Secure economic reform Foster Efficiency
- 39. Early Efforts atUrban reform Settlement House Movement- Dedicated reformers attacked the problems of the slums from residential community centers. Hull-House of Chicago Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr South End House of Boston Henry Street Settlement in New York City
- 40. Early Efforts atUrban reform Jane Addams (1860-1935) Social worker, political activist and community organizer Co-Founder of Hull-House Received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931
- 41. 16th Amendment to theU.S. Constitution Established the Federal Income Tax
- 42. 17th Amendment to theU.S. Constitution Established popular elections of U.S. Senators
- 43. 18th Amendment to theU.S. Constitution Established the prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the United States by declaring the production, transport, and sale of alcohol (though not the consumption or private possession) illegal.
- 44. 19th Amendment to theU.S. Constitution Established the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Gave women the right to vote
- 45. Muckrakers The Term wasfirst used by Theodore Roosevelt in a speech as a negative to describe someone always looking at the negative. The term was borrowed from John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress
- 46. Muckrakers Examples: Lincoln Steffens, andIda M. Tarbell (The history of the Standard Oil Company)
- 48. Triangle Shirt-waist factoryfire March 25, 1911 146 garment workers (123 women, 23 men) died in a work related fire. Exit doors and inadequate fire equipment stopped the escape of the workers and was a direct factor in the high lose of life. The fire led to legislation requiring improved factory safety standards. From the White House
- 49. “The Jungle” Leadsto Food Regulation After reading The Jungle by Upton Sinclair, Roosevelt pushed for passage of the Meat Inspection Act of 1906. The act mandated cleaner conditions for meatpacking plants.
- 50. The Mann-Elkins Act Increasedthe regulatory powers of the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) which regulated the telecommunications industry.
- 51. The Federal ReserveAct Sets the nation's monetary policy, supervises and regulates banking institutions maintains the stability of the financial system provides financial services to depository institutions, the U.S. government, and foreign official institutions. Created in 1913
- 52. The Antiquities Act EnabledPresident Roosevelt and succeeding presidents to proclaim historic landmarks, historic or prehistoric structures, and other objects of historic or scientific interest in federal ownership as national monuments.
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- 54. Democracy John Quincy Adams TheUnited States should be “the well-wisher to the freedoms and independence of all” nations but that it must not go “abroad in search of monsters to destroy” What did Adams mean by this remark? We shouldn’t be off looking for countries that are not democratic to fight.
- 55. Isolationism a policy ofremaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries.
- 56. Imperialism The extension of powerover another nation, by land acquisition, political control, or economic control.
- 57. Nationalism patriotic feeling, principles,or efforts. an extreme form of patriotism, especially marked by a feeling of superiority over other countries. advocacy of political independence for a particular country
- 58. Militarism the belief ordesire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.
- 59. The U.S.S. Maine OnFebruary 15, 1898 the U.S.S Maine on a visit to Havana Harbor was sunk by an explosion which killed 260 sailors. The papers blamed the Spanish.
- 61. Platt Amendment U.S.forced amendment to Cuba’s new Constitution. 1. Cuba can’t sign any treaties 2. U.S. can intervene in any affairs (domestic or foreign) 3. U.S. gets Guantanamo Bay 4. Cuba can’t overspend (no deficits) Was repealed in 1934.
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- 63. Archduke Franz Ferdinand ofAustria Assassinated on June 28, 1914 His death would be the primary catalyst for Word War I (The reason the war began)
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- 65. Zimmerman Telegram Fromthe Ambassador of Germany to the leader of Mexico Encourages Mexico to go to war with the United States Outrage !!!!!
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- 68. Sedition Act of1918 Punished anyone who said anything to obstruct the government or printed anything disloyal.
- 69. A New Formof War Trench Warfare Tanks Airplanes Machine Guns Heavy Artillery Chemical Warfare/Gas
- 70. World War IEnds October 3, 1918 The new German chancellor asked to an end to the fighting based on Wilson’s Fourteen Points. November 11th at 11am the guns fell silent.
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- 72. Fourteen Points New nations& boundaries Five general principles Establish League of Nations 3 main categories
- 73. New Nations &Boundaries Self-determination (remember?) New countries replace Austro- Hungarian Empire Ethnic division
- 74. Five General Principles 1.Freedom of the Seas 2. No secret treaties 3. Reduction of military arms 4. Free trade between countries 5. Mediate colonial claims
- 75. League of Nations Wilsonsees U.S. as World Peace-keeper
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- 77. Prohibition What did prohibitionprohibit? The transportation of alcoholic beverages. The manufacture of alcoholic beverages The sale of alcoholic beverages Enforced by the Volstead Act
- 78. Charles Lindberg He wasthe first man to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean.
- 79. F. Scott Fitzgerald Author of the novel “The Great Gatsby”
- 80. Langston Hughes wasan American poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and columnist Famous during the Harlem Renaissance