- Powers represent repeated multiplication of the same factor, with the base being the number being multiplied and the exponent being the number of times the base is used as a factor. - Scientific notation is used to write very large or small numbers in a standard form of S × 10^a, where S is between 1 and 10 and a is the power of 10 indicating how many places the decimal is moved. - When equating powers with the same base but different exponents, the exponents must be equal.