The document discusses the history of British government from the Norman conquest in 1066 to the Glorious Revolution of 1688. It describes how the feudal system established by William the Conqueror evolved into a constitutional monarchy through documents like the Magna Carta, Petition of Right, and English Bill of Rights that established limits on royal power and reinforced parliamentary supremacy and rule of law. The rise of parliament and its struggles with kings over issues of money, religion and policy led to the overthrow of King James II and establishment of a constitutional monarchy under William and Mary through the English Bill of Rights.

1. Our English Heritage

2. Learning Target I can evaluate the extent to which our government, & the men who wrote our Constitution, were influenced by their experiences with the British government & its history.

3. Time Line of British History 1066 William the Conqueror becomes King Introduces the feudal system

4. THE FEUDAL SYSTEM Introduced to England by William the Conqueror Introduced in the year 1066

5. THE FEUDAL SYSTEM Under the feudal system, the people of England belonged to one of the three following groups: 1. Royalty Includes the monarch (king or queen) and his/her family

6. THE FEUDAL SYSTEM Under the feudal system, the people of England belonged to one of the three following groups: 2. Nobility Lords and ladies who held titles such as earl, duke, baron Worked for the King so he could rule

7. THE FEUDAL SYSTEM Under the feudal system, the people of England belonged to one of the three following groups: 3. Common People Included serfs & peasants

8. Time Line of British History 1066 1215 King John signs the Magna Carta

9. THE MAGNA CARTA Translates as the Great Charter Signed by King John of England Signed in the year 1215

10. THE MAGNA CARTA The Magna Carta was a major step in the growth of English constitutional government. It contained 4 important ideas: 1. Limited Government There are limits to the powers of both the king & his nobles.

11. THE MAGNA CARTA The Magna Carta was a major step in the growth of English constitutional government. It contained 4 important ideas: 2. Rule of Law Laws exist, & all citizens must obey them. The king is not above the law.

12. THE MAGNA CARTA The Magna Carta was a major step in the growth of English constitutional government. It contained 4 important ideas: 3. Taxation The king cannot increase taxes without the “consent of the realm.”

13. THE MAGNA CARTA The Magna Carta was a major step in the growth of English constitutional government. It contained 4 important ideas: 4. Trial by Jury The guilt or innocence of a citizen accused of a crime will be decided by a jury of his peers.

14. THE MAGNA CARTA It is important to remember that most people in England were not a part of this agreement. Men who owned property were given far more rights than other people. Men without property, women, & children had fewer rights. However, the Magna Carta was an important step in establishing a constitutional government.

15. Time Line of British History William the Conqueror becomes King Introduces the Feudal System 1066 1215 King John signs the Magna Carta Meeting of the Model Parliament 1295

16. THE RISE OF PARLIAMENT Parliament comes from the French word parler, meaning to talk Met in the year 1295 Called for by Edward I

17. THE RISE OF PARLIAMENT Parliament was made up of two houses which represented the most powerful groups in the kingdom: 1. House of Lords Represented the nobility 2. House of Commons Represented the non-noble property owners

18. THE RISE OF PARLIAMENT Eventually, Parliament became so important that it was able to act without the king’s support. The struggle for ultimate power in England’s government came to a head in the 1600s when the Stuart kings & their Parliaments fought over a variety of issues including money, religion, & foreign policy.

19. THE RISE OF PARLIAMENT At the heart of these struggles was a key constitutional issue: Can kings act independently? OR Must they wait for Parliament's consent?

20. Time Line of British History William the Conqueror becomes King Introduces the Feudal System 1066 1215 King John signs the Magna Carta Meeting of the Model Parliament 1295 1628 Charles I signs the Petition of Right

21. THE PETITION OF RIGHT Signed by King Charles I Signed in the year 1628

22. The Petition of Right strengthened the idea that English subjects enjoyed certain fundamental rights that no government can deny. THE PETITION OF RIGHT

23. Time Line of British History William the Conqueror becomes King Introduces the Feudal System 1066 1215 King John signs the Magna Carta Meeting of the Model Parliament 1295 1628 Charles I signs the Petition of Right 1678 Charles II signs the Habeas Corpus Act

24. THE HABEAS CORPUS ACT Translates as “to have the body” Adopted in the year 1678 A writ a habeas corpus orders the government to… … deliver the person it has arrested to a court & to explain why the arrest was made.

25. The struggle between the King & Parliament eventually resulted in a bloodless revolution known as the Glorious Revolution. As a result, King James II was overthrown & forced to flee the country. THE ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS

26. THE ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS Who took the king’s place? William & Mary In what year? 1688 What was the condition of their succession? English Bill of Rights

27. The English Bill of Rights established and/or reinforced several important constitutional principles: THE ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS 1. Government by consent & contract 2. Rule of Law 3. Trial by Jury 4. Parliamentary Supremacy

28. Evolution of English Monarchy ABSOLUTE MONARCHY CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY William the Conqueror

29. Evolution of English Monarchy ABSOLUTE MONARCHY CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY King John

30. Evolution of English Monarchy ABSOLUTE MONARCHY CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY Elizabeth I Charles I

31. Evolution of English Monarchy ABSOLUTE MONARCHY CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY Charles I

32. Evolution of English Monarchy ABSOLUTE MONARCHY CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY William & Mary

33. Evolution of English Monarchy ABSOLUTE MONARCHY CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY Elizabeth II