The document summarizes Section 4 of a chapter which discusses the Enlightenment period in the 18th century. Key philosophers of the Enlightenment such as Diderot, Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau are presented along with their major beliefs and works. Diderot edited the Encyclopedia and criticized society. Montesquieu described the ideal form of government with checks and balances in Spirit of the Laws. Voltaire championed freedom of thought and religion in works like Candide. Rousseau believed in popular sovereignty and expressed this view in The Social Contract.

1. CHAPTER 11
Enlightenment and Revolution in
England and America
Section 1: Civil War and Revolution
Section 2: Constitutional Monarchy
in England
Section 3: English Colonial Expansion
Section 4: The Enlightenment
Section 5: The American Revolution

2. SECTION 4
The Enlightenment
Bell Ringer 11.4:
Create a chart that details
the beliefs of Enlightenment
philosophers.
Diderot Montesquieu Voltaire Rousseau

3. SECTION 4
The Enlightenment
1700s
Age of Enlightenment
Reason Logic
Scientific Method
Rationalism

4. SECTION 4
The Enlightenment
Natural Law
Just as nature is
governed by laws
so is human nature.
Deism

5. SECTION 4
The Enlightenment
Philosophes
Critics of society
Wrote books, plays,
pamphlets, and newspapers

6. SECTION 4
The Enlightenment
Salon

7. SECTION 4
The Enlightenment
Diderot

8. SECTION 4
The Enlightenment
Montesquieu
Spirit of the Laws
1748

9. SECTION 4
The Enlightenment
• Described the perfect gov’t
• Checks and balances
–Divide gov’t into three
branches
–Executive, legislative, judicial

10. SECTION 4
The Enlightenment
Voltaire
Mr. Enlightenment
Champion of religious freedom & freedom of thought

11. SECTION 4
The Enlightenment
Wrote satires on the monarchy,
the nobility, and church
Constantly in trouble with gov’t
Misquote in the textbook . . . He actually wrote:
"Think for yourselves and let others
enjoy the privilege to do so too."

12. SECTION 4
The Enlightenment
Candide

13. SECTION 4
The Enlightenment
Rousseau
The Social Contract
People are naturally
good ….
The idea of
popular sovereignty

14. SECTION 4
The Enlightenment
Philosophes
opposed
absolute
monarchies…
Enlightened Despotism

15. SECTION 4
The Enlightenment
Mary Wollstonecraft
Founding feminist philosopher
A Vindication of the Rights
of Women (1792)

16. SECTION 4
The Enlightenment
Diderot Montesquieu Voltaire Rousseau
edited wrote Spirit of wrote Candide, wrote The
Encyclopedia, the Laws, championed Social Contract,
criticized described freedom of believed in
society “perfect” thought and popular
government; religion sovereignty
Checks &
balances

17. SECTION 4
The Enlightenment
Close your
book to take
your quiz.