Manipulator is a machine which is used to transfer heavy objects, to reduce human efforts in many industrial applications. Some of them are fully automated while some are manually operated. It is difficult to work in cabin of manipulator for the operator under hot conditions. So it is essential to provide comfort to operator using air-conditioning system. For such applications standard air conditioners are not compatible, so we have to develop assembled system. In this paper we will be dealing with design, selection and fabrication of components like compressor, condenser, expansion device and evaporator. In order to do so, we have calculated heat load.
A study on the edm of al7075+3 wt%sic+3wt% b4c hybrid mmceSAT Journals
Abstract The objective of the project is to investigate the effect of current, pulse on time and pulse off time. For the proposed work Material removal rate (MRR) and Tool wear rate (TWR) were chosen as responses and Current, Pulse on time and pulse off time were chosen as process parameters. Hybrid Aluminium Silicon Carbide (Al 7075 + 3wt. % of SiCp+ 3wt. % of B4C) is used as work material and copper is used as tool material. Design of experiment technique is employed for the experimentation. The mathematical models are prepared by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) technique and Box Behnken Design (BBD) is selected to design the matrix for different combination of process parameters. After completion of the experiments analysis was done using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for 90% confidence level. Keywords: Current, Pulse on time, Pulse off time, Material removal rate (MRR), Tool wear rate (TWR), Design of experiments (DOE), Response surface methodology (RSM), Box-Behken design (BBD), Analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Abstract The requirement of energy in any processing industry is not only a need but it is indeed a most wanted utility. In a typical processing or manufacturing industry the most common utility are steam and cooling water. However the cost of these utility are no longer cheap, in fact they are expensive. Therefore saving these utility or minimizing the usage of these utilities is one of the most needed practice in a processing industry. Pinch technology is the most common method, which is aimed at minimizing the requirement of utilities by maximizing the process to process heat transfer. In the present study temperature interval diagram or TID is used to identify the targets for minimum utility requirement and maximum process to process heat transfer in a processing facility. The targets for heat exchanger network are presented and minimization of number of heat exchangers are provided using stream splitting technique. Keywords: Pinch design, stream splitting, HEN synthesis, Utilities, TID
Episode 60 : Pinch Diagram and Heat Integration
The optimal allocation of mass and energy within a unit operation, process and/or site.
Optimal allocation can be based on economic, environmental or other important objectives.
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Numerical investigation on heat sink by computational fluid dynamics (cfd)eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A study on the edm of al7075+3 wt%sic+3wt% b4c hybrid mmceSAT Journals
Abstract The objective of the project is to investigate the effect of current, pulse on time and pulse off time. For the proposed work Material removal rate (MRR) and Tool wear rate (TWR) were chosen as responses and Current, Pulse on time and pulse off time were chosen as process parameters. Hybrid Aluminium Silicon Carbide (Al 7075 + 3wt. % of SiCp+ 3wt. % of B4C) is used as work material and copper is used as tool material. Design of experiment technique is employed for the experimentation. The mathematical models are prepared by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) technique and Box Behnken Design (BBD) is selected to design the matrix for different combination of process parameters. After completion of the experiments analysis was done using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for 90% confidence level. Keywords: Current, Pulse on time, Pulse off time, Material removal rate (MRR), Tool wear rate (TWR), Design of experiments (DOE), Response surface methodology (RSM), Box-Behken design (BBD), Analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Abstract The requirement of energy in any processing industry is not only a need but it is indeed a most wanted utility. In a typical processing or manufacturing industry the most common utility are steam and cooling water. However the cost of these utility are no longer cheap, in fact they are expensive. Therefore saving these utility or minimizing the usage of these utilities is one of the most needed practice in a processing industry. Pinch technology is the most common method, which is aimed at minimizing the requirement of utilities by maximizing the process to process heat transfer. In the present study temperature interval diagram or TID is used to identify the targets for minimum utility requirement and maximum process to process heat transfer in a processing facility. The targets for heat exchanger network are presented and minimization of number of heat exchangers are provided using stream splitting technique. Keywords: Pinch design, stream splitting, HEN synthesis, Utilities, TID
Episode 60 : Pinch Diagram and Heat Integration
The optimal allocation of mass and energy within a unit operation, process and/or site.
Optimal allocation can be based on economic, environmental or other important objectives.
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Numerical investigation on heat sink by computational fluid dynamics (cfd)eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Comparison of Calorific Values of Various Fuels from Different Petrol StationsIRJESJOURNAL
Abstract:- The current research work is performed to determine the calorific value of different fuel (petrol samples) available in the state of Telengana (Inda). Different samples were collected from various fuel stations sold by different companies, to show different calorific values which is considered to be one of the key parameters to determine the quality of the fuel.
Design With Solid works Software and Planning Calculation Analysis of Fire Tu...IJRES Journal
Steam boilers (boilers) is a closed vessel made of steel that is used to generate steam. In the modern era many industries such as household scale industries for the manufacture of oyster mushroom spawn to use aid as a supplier of steam boilers are used as a sterilization process baglog. Annually, the number of requests oyster mushroom spawn have been increases, so the boiler is very significant equipment to increase the number of baglog production as oyster mushroom growing media.To help to fulfill the small industryrequiremets for oyster mushroom nursery,plannedatype offire tubeboilerthatcanhelpthe availability ofsteam ina lowscalewithsteamoutputcapacity of70kg/ h, temperature120℃, pressure1.5barandusingmaterialsLPGfuelas a source ofheatenergy.From the results of this design, fire tube boiler have efficiency of 0.934 % . The kettle body is made from asphalt drums pertamina with the Cold Rolled Steel materials. Used asphalt drums because of its availability in the market more easier to obtained easily and the dimensions of asphalt drum capable of holding for temperature and pressure have been determined . As for the pipe material using Carbon Steel Tubing Boilers ASME SA - 178A GRADE A / SA - 214 (Plain Carbon).
Analysis of Temperature loss of Hot Metal during Hot Rolling Process at Steel...IJMER
Hot metal is travelling a long distance (around 126 m) between roughing mill and a Steckel
finishing mill during hot rolling process in a steel plant which resulted in heat loss. Since, the
metallurgical qualities of finished product are closely related to the accurate control of temperature of
the material during the hot rolling process, the heat in the furnaces maintains the slab temperature at
high level at the cost of more fossil fuels. Temperature of the work piece influences spread appreciably.
Lower the temperature of raw material input, greater is the spread. Similarly, higher the temperature,
lesser is the spread. Lesser speed of rolling results in greater spread and vice-versa. Hence,
temperature is playing a vital role in hot rolling process.
Temperature loss of semi finished work pieces between the mill stand is inevitable until it
protected from the open atmosphere. If a low-emissivity material (radiation shield) is placed between
two surfaces, the radiation heat transfer can be considerably reduced. The shield increases the thermal
resistance to radiation heat flow. Because radiation is a major source of heat loss at the temperatures
involved (around 1060° C.) Thermal shields may be fixed over the path of the hot strip to reduce heat
loss and in particular such heat shields can be employed to reduce the head-to-tail temperature
variation along the length of a transfer bar. The result of this study is the development of an effective
procedure for computer calculation of processes of hot rolling to optimize its parameters
Energy crisis is one of the most important problems
the world is facing now-a-days. With the increase of cost of
electrical energy operating cost of cold storage storing is
increasing which forces the increased cost price of the
commodities that are kept. In this situation if the maximum
heat energy(Q) is absorbed by the evaporator inside the cold
room through convective heat transfer process in terms of –
heat transfer due to convection and heat transfer due to
condensation, more energy has to be wasted to maintain the
evaporator space at the desired temperature range of 2- 8
degree centigrade. In this paper we have proposed a theoretical
heat transfer model of convective heat transfer in cold storage
using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. Velocity of air (V),
Temperature difference (dT), Relative Humidity (RH) are the
basic variable and three ranges are taken each of them in the
model development. Graphical interpretations from the model
justify the reality through anova and s/n ratio calculation.
Reduction in Size of Vars by using Different Materials in Generatorijtsrd
In present scenario to achieve refrigeration effect, we have to supply high grade energy which take from shaft which decreases the millage of automobile and increase in cost of fuel. It is not economical to produce refrigeration effect by VCRS .In VARS system we use wasteful energy from exhaust gases of automobile to produce refrigeration effect hence saving cost of fuel. Optimization of length of tubes of heat exchanger generator is done for different material like stainless steel, aluminium, copper to achieve 1TR Refrigeration effect. Inlet temperature of generator is 25°C and COP of refrigerator is 0.7. Prof. Animesh Kumar | Om Singh Patel | Nishi Yadav | Pooja Shakya | Muzzafar Ayub Khan ""Reduction in Size of Vars by using Different Materials in Generator"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23473.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23473/reduction-in-size-of-vars-by-using-different-materials-in-generator/prof-animesh-kumar
Comparison of Calorific Values of Various Fuels from Different Petrol StationsIRJESJOURNAL
Abstract:- The current research work is performed to determine the calorific value of different fuel (petrol samples) available in the state of Telengana (Inda). Different samples were collected from various fuel stations sold by different companies, to show different calorific values which is considered to be one of the key parameters to determine the quality of the fuel.
Design With Solid works Software and Planning Calculation Analysis of Fire Tu...IJRES Journal
Steam boilers (boilers) is a closed vessel made of steel that is used to generate steam. In the modern era many industries such as household scale industries for the manufacture of oyster mushroom spawn to use aid as a supplier of steam boilers are used as a sterilization process baglog. Annually, the number of requests oyster mushroom spawn have been increases, so the boiler is very significant equipment to increase the number of baglog production as oyster mushroom growing media.To help to fulfill the small industryrequiremets for oyster mushroom nursery,plannedatype offire tubeboilerthatcanhelpthe availability ofsteam ina lowscalewithsteamoutputcapacity of70kg/ h, temperature120℃, pressure1.5barandusingmaterialsLPGfuelas a source ofheatenergy.From the results of this design, fire tube boiler have efficiency of 0.934 % . The kettle body is made from asphalt drums pertamina with the Cold Rolled Steel materials. Used asphalt drums because of its availability in the market more easier to obtained easily and the dimensions of asphalt drum capable of holding for temperature and pressure have been determined . As for the pipe material using Carbon Steel Tubing Boilers ASME SA - 178A GRADE A / SA - 214 (Plain Carbon).
Analysis of Temperature loss of Hot Metal during Hot Rolling Process at Steel...IJMER
Hot metal is travelling a long distance (around 126 m) between roughing mill and a Steckel
finishing mill during hot rolling process in a steel plant which resulted in heat loss. Since, the
metallurgical qualities of finished product are closely related to the accurate control of temperature of
the material during the hot rolling process, the heat in the furnaces maintains the slab temperature at
high level at the cost of more fossil fuels. Temperature of the work piece influences spread appreciably.
Lower the temperature of raw material input, greater is the spread. Similarly, higher the temperature,
lesser is the spread. Lesser speed of rolling results in greater spread and vice-versa. Hence,
temperature is playing a vital role in hot rolling process.
Temperature loss of semi finished work pieces between the mill stand is inevitable until it
protected from the open atmosphere. If a low-emissivity material (radiation shield) is placed between
two surfaces, the radiation heat transfer can be considerably reduced. The shield increases the thermal
resistance to radiation heat flow. Because radiation is a major source of heat loss at the temperatures
involved (around 1060° C.) Thermal shields may be fixed over the path of the hot strip to reduce heat
loss and in particular such heat shields can be employed to reduce the head-to-tail temperature
variation along the length of a transfer bar. The result of this study is the development of an effective
procedure for computer calculation of processes of hot rolling to optimize its parameters
Energy crisis is one of the most important problems
the world is facing now-a-days. With the increase of cost of
electrical energy operating cost of cold storage storing is
increasing which forces the increased cost price of the
commodities that are kept. In this situation if the maximum
heat energy(Q) is absorbed by the evaporator inside the cold
room through convective heat transfer process in terms of –
heat transfer due to convection and heat transfer due to
condensation, more energy has to be wasted to maintain the
evaporator space at the desired temperature range of 2- 8
degree centigrade. In this paper we have proposed a theoretical
heat transfer model of convective heat transfer in cold storage
using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. Velocity of air (V),
Temperature difference (dT), Relative Humidity (RH) are the
basic variable and three ranges are taken each of them in the
model development. Graphical interpretations from the model
justify the reality through anova and s/n ratio calculation.
Reduction in Size of Vars by using Different Materials in Generatorijtsrd
In present scenario to achieve refrigeration effect, we have to supply high grade energy which take from shaft which decreases the millage of automobile and increase in cost of fuel. It is not economical to produce refrigeration effect by VCRS .In VARS system we use wasteful energy from exhaust gases of automobile to produce refrigeration effect hence saving cost of fuel. Optimization of length of tubes of heat exchanger generator is done for different material like stainless steel, aluminium, copper to achieve 1TR Refrigeration effect. Inlet temperature of generator is 25°C and COP of refrigerator is 0.7. Prof. Animesh Kumar | Om Singh Patel | Nishi Yadav | Pooja Shakya | Muzzafar Ayub Khan ""Reduction in Size of Vars by using Different Materials in Generator"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23473.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23473/reduction-in-size-of-vars-by-using-different-materials-in-generator/prof-animesh-kumar
Share these activities with parents to help them support their child’s development. These activities will benefit children from 2-months to 5-years old.
Numerical Investigation of Forced Convection cooling of Electrical enclosure ...IJERA Editor
Electrical enclosures consist of high heat generating electrical components, so removal of heat generated
remains as our primary aim. To achieve this, cooling the electrical equipment is always an economical and
optimum solution to keep the electrical components to their operating temperature limits. Placing the cooling
components in the enclosure is another important parameter to be considered. This parameter can be judged
using a simple CFD analysis.
Therefore in the present work CFD simulation has been carried out by considering a typical Aluminum
Electrical enclosure of volume (300mm X 300mm X 300mm) with total internal heat dissipation of 150W. With
those values into consideration the surface area of enclosure, enclosure temperature rise, air flow requirement in
an enclosure is calculated and based on which the fan is selected.
Functions of fuzzy logic based controllers used in smart buildingIJECEIAES
The main aim of this study is to support design and development processes of advanced fuzzy-logic-based controller for smart buildings e.g., heating, ventilation and air conditioning, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) and indoor lighting control systems. Moreover, the proposed methodology can be used to assess systems energy and environmental performances, also compare energy usages of fuzzy control systems with the performances of conventional on/off and proportional integral derivative controller (PID). The main objective and purpose of using fuzzy-logic-based model and control is to precisely control indoor thermal comfort e.g., temperature, humidity, air quality, air velocity, thermal comfort, and energy balance. Moreover, this article present and highlight mathematical models of indoor temperature and humidity transfer matrix, uncertainties of users’ comfort preference set-points and a fuzzy algorithm.
Experimental and Modeling Dynamic Study of the Indirect Solar Water Heater: A...IJAAS Team
The Indirect Solar Water Heater System (SWHS) with Forced Circulation is modeled by proposing a theoretical dynamic multi-node model. The SWHS, which works with a 1,91 m2 PFC and 300 L storage tank, and it is equipped with available forced circulation scale system fitted with an automated subsystem that controlled hot water, is what the experimental setup consisted of. The system, which 100% heated water by only using solar energy. The experimental weather conditions are measured every one minute. The experiments validation steps were performed for two periods, the first one concern the cloudy days in December, the second for the sunny days in May; the average deviations between the predicted and the experimental values is 2 %, 5 % for the water temperature output and for the useful energy are 4 %, 9 % respectively for the both typical days, which is very satisfied. The thermal efficiency was determined experimentally and theoretically and shown to agree well with the EN12975 standard for the flow rate between 0,02 kg/s and 0,2kg/s.
Thermal Simulation of Biogas Plants Using Mat LabIJERA Editor
The major prerequisite for the optimum production of methane from a biogas plant is the sustenance of digester temperature within the narrow limits (300C-350C). It is experimentally investigated that, the MIT biogas plant is not maintaining optimum temperature, this decreases the efficiency and increases the detention time for charge. To maintain the plant in optimum temperature, it is necessary to find out the heat losses from the biogas plant and the external energy inputs need to operate the plant. Rate of gas yield, and the detention time (time necessary to anaerobically digest organic wastes) in a biogas reactor, are favorable functions of the temperature in the digester. A thermal simulation for MIT biogas plant has developed using matlab in order to understand the heat transfer from the slurry and the gas holder to the surrounding earth and air respectively. The computation has been performed when the slurry is maintained at 200C and 300C, optimum temperature of anaerobic fermentation. If the slurry is considered to be at 350C, the optimum temperature of anaerobic fermentation, the total heat loss from the plant is higher than the heat loss when the slurry is maintained at 200C. The heat calculations provide an appraisal for the heat which has to be supplied by external means to compensate for the net heat losses which occur if the slurry is to be maintained at 350C. A solar system with auxiliary electric heater is designed for maintaining the slurry at 350C.In conclusion; the results of thermal analysis are used to define a strategy for operating biogas plant at optimum temperatures.
Design Calculation of Main Components for Lab Based Refrigeration Systemijtsrd
The purpose of this paper is for the students to know the basic function of main components of refrigeration system. Theoretical and experimental of design calculation of main components and their results are reported in this paper. During the performance of testing, the length of expansion device is varied and the result data are also described. In this system, R134a refrigerant is used as working substance. Because it is now being used for a replacement of R 12 CFC refrigerant. It can be handled safely because it is not toxic, corrosive and flammable. Moreover, it has no damage effect to ozone layer and greenhouse. Ko Ko | Aye Aye San | Khin Maung Than "Design Calculation of Main Components for Lab Based Refrigeration System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29212.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/29212/design-calculation-of-main-components-for-lab-based-refrigeration-system/ko-ko
THERMAL ANALYSIS OF A HEAT SINK FOR ELECTRONICS COOLINGIAEME Publication
Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that concern the generation, use, conversion and exchange of thermal energy, heat between physical systems. Heat transfer is classified in to various mechanisms such as heat conduction, convection, thermal radiation & transfer of energy by phase change. Most of the electronic equipment are low power and produce negligible amount of heat in their operation. Some devices, such as power transistors, CPU's, & power diodes produce a significant amount of heat. so sufficient measures are need to be taken so as to prolong their working life and reliability.
THERMAL PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMICS ANALYSIS OF DOUBLE FLOW PACKED BED SOLAR AI...IAEME Publication
Solar air heater is a type of heat exchanger that transforms solar radiation energy into heat energy. Conventional solar air heaters have poor thermal performance due to high heat losses and low convective heat transfer coefficient between absorber and flowing air. Attempts have been made to improve the thermal performance of conventional solar air heater by employing various design and flow arrangements. Double flow solar air heater with packing is an important and effective design improvement that has been proposed to improve the thermal performance. This paper presents the performance and economic analysis of double flow solar air collector with and without packing in the duct. Effect of various parameters on the thermal performance and pressure drop characteristics has been studied experimentally. The study concludes that double flow arrangement with packing is economical and having short payback period. Also, the thermal performance of double flow solar air heater with packing in upper duct is significantly higher compared to double flow solar air heater without packing and conventional solar air heater.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Student information management system project report ii.pdf
CFD Analysis of Manipulator Cabin by Selecting Proper Air Conditioning System
1. Umesh S. Ghorpade.et.al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 7, Issue 1, (Part -1) January 2017, pp.116-120
www.ijera.com 116 | P a g e
CFD Analysis of Manipulator Cabin by Selecting Proper Air
Conditioning System
Umesh S. Ghorpade1*
, Manik A. Patil2**
,Amit S. Shelake3**
,
Himanshu S. Ghodake4**
1
Assistant Professor, Sanjeevan Engineering & Technology Institute, Panhala, India
2
Assistant Professor, Sanjeevan Engineering & Technology Institute, Panhala, India
3
Assistant Professor, Sanjeevan Engineering & Technology Institute, Panhala, India
4
Student, Sanjeevan Engineering & Technology Institute, Panhala, India
ABSTRACT
Manipulator is a machine which is used to transfer heavy objects, to reduce human efforts in many industrial
applications. Some of them are fully automated while some are manually operated. It is difficult to work in
cabin of manipulator for the operator under hot conditions. So it is essential to provide comfort to operator using
air-conditioning system. For such applications standard air conditioners are not compatible, so we have to
develop assembled system. In this paper we will be dealing with design, selection and fabrication of components
like compressor, condenser, expansion device and evaporator. In order to do so, we have calculated heat load.
Keywords: Heat load, Compressor, heat transfer coefficient, CFD.
I. INTRODUCTION
Air conditioning is concerned with the
absorption of heat from where it is objectionable
plus its transfer to and rejection at a place where it
is unobjectionable and keeps the place comfortable
for occupants. Air conditioning comprises
maintaining temperature, humidity level, noise
control, cleanliness. There are so many methods of
air conditioning; according to situation a particular
system is adopted. Usually after estimating the load
standard manufactured unit is installed. Regardless
of availability of various systems we need to
develop a system fitting to the specific application
due to co-occurrence of multiple factor affecting
the system. As the environment of casting industry
is hot, dusty, noisy, affecting the efficiency of
workers. Now days casting industries are
automated industries. They have fully mechanized
conveyors for transportation of hot casting to the
fettling section. To place casting from vibrator to
conveyor manually operated manipulators are used.
The working condition for the operator is largely
influenced by the temperature and dust of castings.
The outer temperature is around 500
C during
working hours. The manipulator is not equipped
with the air conditioning facility; so it’s not
comfortable to the operator. The cabin of
manipulator is so compact that only a person can fit
in it and hence can’t be equipped with standard AC
system. Even we apply standard system; cabin
vibrations with high amplitude causes system to
fail due to unsuitable mounting. So we have
developed an air conditioning system which
maintains temperature, humidity level, noise
control and cleanliness.
II. CALCULATION
Calculations are required to determine the total
load inside the manipulator cabin. The dimensions
of the manipulator cabin are shown in the Fig. 1.
Figure 1.Manipulator Cabin
Heat Load calculation.
Indoor condition: 25°C, with RH 25% - 70%
and selected 60%,
Therefore 25° DBT and 60% RH selected.
Outdoor condition: 50°C, with RH 30% - 40%.
We will consider 42°C as the maximum limit
on psychrometric chart.
Volume of cabin:
Area 1= A1 = 1.7×1.3 = 2.21m2
; Area 2= A2 =
0.22×1.7×0.8 = 2.27m2
Therefore, Total Area: A = A1+A2 = 2.27+0.187
=2.457m2
(1)
Volume, V =2.457×0.950 = 2.3341 m3
(2)
Thermal conductivities:
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
2. Umesh S. Ghorpade.et.al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 7, Issue 1, (Part -1) January 2017, pp.116-120
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For fiber glass, k = 0.04 W/m-K; for steel, k =
43 W/m-K
Heat transfer coefficient: Between air and
glass, h = 25 W/m2
-K
Sensible heat and Latent heat; At 25° C i.e.
78° F seated very light work,
Sensible heat = 215 BTU/hr = 62.995 = 63 W
and
Latent heat = 185 BTU/hr = 54.25 = 54 W
Overall heat transfer coefficient for glass U:
Hence, U =4.88 W/m2
-K
(3)
Heat estimation:
Q = UADT = 4.88*(50-25)* A
Through front glass window, Qf = 4.88×25×
(1.615×1/sin83) = 198.51 W (4)
Through side doors, Qs = 2*Qs1
And Qs1 = Qg + Qsteel
Qg = UADT = 4.88× [(0.65×0.850) +
(0.5×150×0.001×0.850)] ×25 = 75.152 W (5)
Overall heat transfer coefficient for steel and
glass interface U; For glass,
( 6)
For steel: From MS steel Engineering Tool box
we get, Ust =7.9 i.e. 8 Appr. (7)
Heat estimation
Area As = (2.397-0.616) = 1.781 m2
(8)
Q for steel, Qst = 8×1.781×25 = 356.2 W. (9)
Therefore, Qs1 = 75.152+356.2 = 431.352 W
And Qs = 2*Qs1 = 2×431.352 = 862.74 W. (10)
Through the rear side there is negligible heat
gain due to various outer equipments mounting
and noise reducing coating layer.
Occupancy Load:
The heat emitted from the bodies of the people
also constitutes a major portion of a summer
cooling load. The heat quantities given up by the
occupants are dependent on activity of the persons,
sex, age and indoor dry bulb temperature. From
Standard table,
Latent heat = 54 W and Sensible heat = 63 W
Therefore, Total occupancy load Qo = 117 W.
(11)
Other loads;
For other heat source 10 % to 15 % of total heat
load is taken.
Fresh air load estimation:
Air change per hour = 2, considering office private
and no smoking.
Taking outside air 0.75 m3/min-person
Therefore, Fresh air load = 3×2 = 6 m3
/hr.
Infiltration load :
For infiltration load considering 10 % of the total
load
Total heat :
Q total = Qf + Qs +Qo = 198.51+ 862.70+ 117
=1178.214 W (12)
Load due to light and equipment load :
Considering light load and equipment load as 20 %
of total heat load i.e.,
Light load and equipment load = 20 % Qtotal =
0.2×1178.214 = 235.64 W. (13)
On Psychrometric Chart :
Following points were plotted,
A] 42° C - DBT, 40 % RH, B] 25° C - DBT, 60
% RH,
Specific volume of air at 1,
Vs1 = 0.92+8×10-4×3 = 0.9224 m3/kg (14)
Infiltrated air at point 1 = 20% (Vol)/hr = 0.2×3/60
= 0.02 m3
/min.
Mass, ma = 0.01= 0.0108 Kg/min (15)
Fresh air =2×V =2×3 =6 m3
/hr
i.e. equal to 0.1 m3
/min
Enthalpy at 1 i.e. h1 = 97.5 KJ/Kg of dry air,
Enthalpy at 2 i.e. h2 = 5 6 KJ/Kg of dry air,
Enthalpy at A i.e. hA = 74 KJ/Kg of dry air.
Heat due to infiltration:
i. Sensible heat gain due to infiltration air = ma
(ha-h2) = 0.0108 (74-56)
= 0.1944 KJ/min i.e. equal to 3.24 W. (16)
ii. Latent heat due to infiltration air = ma (h1-hA)
= 0.0108 (97.5-74)
= 0.2538 KJ/min i.e. equal to 4.23 W. (17)
Total latent heat gain in room, RLH = 4.23+54
= 58.23 W. (18)
Total sensible heat gain in room, RSH =
3.24+63+235.64+117.214 = 1480.004. (19)
Room sensible heat factor,
RSHF = (RSH/RSH) + RLH =
(1480.094/1480.094) +58.23 = 0.9621. (20)
Alignment Circle: Alignment circle points are,
(20% DBT, 50% RH)
Suppose for 70% return air and 30% fresh air then
by trial and error method drawing line from 30 to
15 on saturation curve we get,
a) Bypass factor =0.157, b) td3 =28.2° C c) td4
=17.5° C d) td6 =15.5° C
Enthalpy at point 4 =47.3 KJ/Kg of air; Enthalpy at
point 3 =63 KJ/Kg of air
Mass entering room: Mass entering room, ma
= RSH+RLH = 1480.09 +58.23
Therefore, ma = 0.1768 Kg/s = 10.61 kg/min
(21)
Capacity of plant = ma (h3-h4)
Therefore, Capacity of plant = 10.61 (63-47.3) =
166.577 KJ/min = 0.793 TR (22)
Total load; Assuming factor of safety i.e. F.S
=1.25
Hence, Total Load = Capacity of plant × F.S =
0.793×1.25 = 0.9875≈ 1TR. (23)
3. Umesh S. Ghorpade.et.al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 7, Issue 1, (Part -1) January 2017, pp.116-120
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III. CFD analysis
The Analysis of Manipulator cabin is carried out
using Ansys14.0 software. This process consists of
Three Primary Steps:
3.1 Pre-Processing:- This is the first step of CFD
simulation process which helps in describing the
geometry in the best possible manner. One needs to
identify the fluid domain of interest.
Figure 2. Geometry of Cabin
Figure 3. Meshing of Cabin
3.2 Solver: - Once the problem physics has been
identified, fluid material properties, flow physics
model, and boundary conditions are set to solve
using a computer.
Indoor condition: 25°C.
Outdoor condition: 50°C.
Capacity of air conditioner:1 TR
3.3 Post-Processing:- The next step after getting
the results is to analyze the results with different
methods like contour plots, vector plot, streamlines,
data curve etc. for appropriate graphical
representations and report.
Figure 4. Velocity Streamlines
Figure 5. Temperature Velocity Rendering
4. Umesh S. Ghorpade.et.al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 7, Issue 1, (Part -1) January 2017, pp.116-120
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Figure 6. Temperature Volume Rendering
Figure 7. Pressure Volume Rendering
IV. CONCLUSION
By the study of heat load estimation
formulae’s, some considerations and from the basic
laws of thermodynamics the total heat load is
calculated as 1 TR.
From the temperature volume rendering diagram
and temperature velocity rendering diagram we
conclude that the temperature distribution inside
the cabin is uniform and is under comfort zone.
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ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 7, Issue 1, (Part -1) January 2017, pp.116-120
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