Electrical enclosures consist of high heat generating electrical components, so removal of heat generated
remains as our primary aim. To achieve this, cooling the electrical equipment is always an economical and
optimum solution to keep the electrical components to their operating temperature limits. Placing the cooling
components in the enclosure is another important parameter to be considered. This parameter can be judged
using a simple CFD analysis.
Therefore in the present work CFD simulation has been carried out by considering a typical Aluminum
Electrical enclosure of volume (300mm X 300mm X 300mm) with total internal heat dissipation of 150W. With
those values into consideration the surface area of enclosure, enclosure temperature rise, air flow requirement in
an enclosure is calculated and based on which the fan is selected.
Abstract The requirement of energy in any processing industry is not only a need but it is indeed a most wanted utility. In a typical processing or manufacturing industry the most common utility are steam and cooling water. However the cost of these utility are no longer cheap, in fact they are expensive. Therefore saving these utility or minimizing the usage of these utilities is one of the most needed practice in a processing industry. Pinch technology is the most common method, which is aimed at minimizing the requirement of utilities by maximizing the process to process heat transfer. In the present study temperature interval diagram or TID is used to identify the targets for minimum utility requirement and maximum process to process heat transfer in a processing facility. The targets for heat exchanger network are presented and minimization of number of heat exchangers are provided using stream splitting technique. Keywords: Pinch design, stream splitting, HEN synthesis, Utilities, TID
A study on the edm of al7075+3 wt%sic+3wt% b4c hybrid mmceSAT Journals
Abstract The objective of the project is to investigate the effect of current, pulse on time and pulse off time. For the proposed work Material removal rate (MRR) and Tool wear rate (TWR) were chosen as responses and Current, Pulse on time and pulse off time were chosen as process parameters. Hybrid Aluminium Silicon Carbide (Al 7075 + 3wt. % of SiCp+ 3wt. % of B4C) is used as work material and copper is used as tool material. Design of experiment technique is employed for the experimentation. The mathematical models are prepared by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) technique and Box Behnken Design (BBD) is selected to design the matrix for different combination of process parameters. After completion of the experiments analysis was done using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for 90% confidence level. Keywords: Current, Pulse on time, Pulse off time, Material removal rate (MRR), Tool wear rate (TWR), Design of experiments (DOE), Response surface methodology (RSM), Box-Behken design (BBD), Analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Episode 60 : Pinch Diagram and Heat Integration
The optimal allocation of mass and energy within a unit operation, process and/or site.
Optimal allocation can be based on economic, environmental or other important objectives.
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
1 ijebm jan-2018-1-combustion adjustment in a naturalAI Publications
Shortage of detailed and accurate experimental data on fuel-air mixing in furnaces is due to the difficulty and complexity of measurements in flames. Although it may be possible with infra-Red camera to obtain an indication of what happens in the furnace by graphical image resolution this is not expected to be sufficiently detailed because it contains only the temperature gradient. More detailed information, however, may be obtained from the simulated resolution using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique where the total number of elements/points defines the detailed level that can be displayed or captured in graphical image. Simulation resolution studies two aspects of the momentum effects on flame which are the forward momentum normally associated with the average outlet velocity of the combustion products and the lateral momentum caused by swirl. Following the American Petroleum Institute guidelines (API 560) for combustion adjustment in furnaces, it may be possible to have less emission and a maximum efficiency, but the potential interaction between the several operation and design factors are not thereby considered as in a mathematical model of CFD.
Numerical investigation on heat sink by computational fluid dynamics (cfd)eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
CFD Analysis of Manipulator Cabin by Selecting Proper Air Conditioning SystemIJERA Editor
Manipulator is a machine which is used to transfer heavy objects, to reduce human efforts in many industrial applications. Some of them are fully automated while some are manually operated. It is difficult to work in cabin of manipulator for the operator under hot conditions. So it is essential to provide comfort to operator using air-conditioning system. For such applications standard air conditioners are not compatible, so we have to develop assembled system. In this paper we will be dealing with design, selection and fabrication of components like compressor, condenser, expansion device and evaporator. In order to do so, we have calculated heat load.
Abstract The requirement of energy in any processing industry is not only a need but it is indeed a most wanted utility. In a typical processing or manufacturing industry the most common utility are steam and cooling water. However the cost of these utility are no longer cheap, in fact they are expensive. Therefore saving these utility or minimizing the usage of these utilities is one of the most needed practice in a processing industry. Pinch technology is the most common method, which is aimed at minimizing the requirement of utilities by maximizing the process to process heat transfer. In the present study temperature interval diagram or TID is used to identify the targets for minimum utility requirement and maximum process to process heat transfer in a processing facility. The targets for heat exchanger network are presented and minimization of number of heat exchangers are provided using stream splitting technique. Keywords: Pinch design, stream splitting, HEN synthesis, Utilities, TID
A study on the edm of al7075+3 wt%sic+3wt% b4c hybrid mmceSAT Journals
Abstract The objective of the project is to investigate the effect of current, pulse on time and pulse off time. For the proposed work Material removal rate (MRR) and Tool wear rate (TWR) were chosen as responses and Current, Pulse on time and pulse off time were chosen as process parameters. Hybrid Aluminium Silicon Carbide (Al 7075 + 3wt. % of SiCp+ 3wt. % of B4C) is used as work material and copper is used as tool material. Design of experiment technique is employed for the experimentation. The mathematical models are prepared by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) technique and Box Behnken Design (BBD) is selected to design the matrix for different combination of process parameters. After completion of the experiments analysis was done using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for 90% confidence level. Keywords: Current, Pulse on time, Pulse off time, Material removal rate (MRR), Tool wear rate (TWR), Design of experiments (DOE), Response surface methodology (RSM), Box-Behken design (BBD), Analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Episode 60 : Pinch Diagram and Heat Integration
The optimal allocation of mass and energy within a unit operation, process and/or site.
Optimal allocation can be based on economic, environmental or other important objectives.
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
1 ijebm jan-2018-1-combustion adjustment in a naturalAI Publications
Shortage of detailed and accurate experimental data on fuel-air mixing in furnaces is due to the difficulty and complexity of measurements in flames. Although it may be possible with infra-Red camera to obtain an indication of what happens in the furnace by graphical image resolution this is not expected to be sufficiently detailed because it contains only the temperature gradient. More detailed information, however, may be obtained from the simulated resolution using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique where the total number of elements/points defines the detailed level that can be displayed or captured in graphical image. Simulation resolution studies two aspects of the momentum effects on flame which are the forward momentum normally associated with the average outlet velocity of the combustion products and the lateral momentum caused by swirl. Following the American Petroleum Institute guidelines (API 560) for combustion adjustment in furnaces, it may be possible to have less emission and a maximum efficiency, but the potential interaction between the several operation and design factors are not thereby considered as in a mathematical model of CFD.
Numerical investigation on heat sink by computational fluid dynamics (cfd)eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
CFD Analysis of Manipulator Cabin by Selecting Proper Air Conditioning SystemIJERA Editor
Manipulator is a machine which is used to transfer heavy objects, to reduce human efforts in many industrial applications. Some of them are fully automated while some are manually operated. It is difficult to work in cabin of manipulator for the operator under hot conditions. So it is essential to provide comfort to operator using air-conditioning system. For such applications standard air conditioners are not compatible, so we have to develop assembled system. In this paper we will be dealing with design, selection and fabrication of components like compressor, condenser, expansion device and evaporator. In order to do so, we have calculated heat load.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Application of Pinch Technology in Refrigerator Condenser Optimization by Usi...ijtsrd
Refrigeration is the major application area of thermodynamics, in which the heat is transferred to higher temperature region from a lower temperature region. Refrigerators are the devices which produce refrigeration and the refrigerators which operate on the cycles are called refrigeration cycles. Pinch technology and computational fluid dynamics CFD is key for study the condenser and enhance the better option for new design. Pinch Analysis also known as process integration, heat integration, energy integration, or pinch technology is method for minimizing the energy costs of a process by reusing the heat energy in the process streams rather than outside utilities. Mr. Mayur B. Ramteke | Prof. S. K. Bawne "Application of Pinch Technology in Refrigerator Condenser Optimization by Using CFD" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46440.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/46440/application-of-pinch-technology-in-refrigerator-condenser-optimization-by-using-cfd/mr-mayur-b-ramteke
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Design With Solid works Software and Planning Calculation Analysis of Fire Tu...IJRES Journal
Steam boilers (boilers) is a closed vessel made of steel that is used to generate steam. In the modern era many industries such as household scale industries for the manufacture of oyster mushroom spawn to use aid as a supplier of steam boilers are used as a sterilization process baglog. Annually, the number of requests oyster mushroom spawn have been increases, so the boiler is very significant equipment to increase the number of baglog production as oyster mushroom growing media.To help to fulfill the small industryrequiremets for oyster mushroom nursery,plannedatype offire tubeboilerthatcanhelpthe availability ofsteam ina lowscalewithsteamoutputcapacity of70kg/ h, temperature120℃, pressure1.5barandusingmaterialsLPGfuelas a source ofheatenergy.From the results of this design, fire tube boiler have efficiency of 0.934 % . The kettle body is made from asphalt drums pertamina with the Cold Rolled Steel materials. Used asphalt drums because of its availability in the market more easier to obtained easily and the dimensions of asphalt drum capable of holding for temperature and pressure have been determined . As for the pipe material using Carbon Steel Tubing Boilers ASME SA - 178A GRADE A / SA - 214 (Plain Carbon).
Evaluating mathematical heat transfer effectiveness equations using cfd techn...aeijjournal
Mathematical heat transfer equations for finned double pipe heat exchangers based on experimental work carried out in the 1970s can be programmed in a spreadsheet for repetitive use. Thus avoiding CFD analysis which can be time consuming and costly. However, it is important that such mathematical equations be evaluated for their accuracy. This paper uses CFD methods in evaluating the accuracy of mathematical equations. Several models were created with varying; geometry, flue gas entry temperature,
and flow rates. The analysis should provide designers and manufacturers a judgment on the expected level
of accuracy when using mathematical modelling methodology. This paper simultaneously identifies best
practices in carrying out such CFD analysis
Recent advances in semiconductor technology show the improvement of fabrication on
electronics appliances in terms of performance, power density and even the size. This great achievement
however led to some major problems on thermal and heat distribution of the electronic devices. This
thermal problem could reduce the efficiency and reliability of the electronic devices. In order to minimize
this thermal problem, an optimal cooling techniques need to be applied during the operation. There are
various cooling techniques have been used and one of them is passive pin fin heat sink approach. This
paper focuses on inline pin fin heat sink, which use copper material with different shapes of pin fin and a
constant 5.5W heat sources. The simulation model has been formulated using COMSOL Multiphysics
software to stimulate the pin fin design, study the thermal distribution and the maximum heat profile.
Analysis of Temperature loss of Hot Metal during Hot Rolling Process at Steel...IJMER
Hot metal is travelling a long distance (around 126 m) between roughing mill and a Steckel
finishing mill during hot rolling process in a steel plant which resulted in heat loss. Since, the
metallurgical qualities of finished product are closely related to the accurate control of temperature of
the material during the hot rolling process, the heat in the furnaces maintains the slab temperature at
high level at the cost of more fossil fuels. Temperature of the work piece influences spread appreciably.
Lower the temperature of raw material input, greater is the spread. Similarly, higher the temperature,
lesser is the spread. Lesser speed of rolling results in greater spread and vice-versa. Hence,
temperature is playing a vital role in hot rolling process.
Temperature loss of semi finished work pieces between the mill stand is inevitable until it
protected from the open atmosphere. If a low-emissivity material (radiation shield) is placed between
two surfaces, the radiation heat transfer can be considerably reduced. The shield increases the thermal
resistance to radiation heat flow. Because radiation is a major source of heat loss at the temperatures
involved (around 1060° C.) Thermal shields may be fixed over the path of the hot strip to reduce heat
loss and in particular such heat shields can be employed to reduce the head-to-tail temperature
variation along the length of a transfer bar. The result of this study is the development of an effective
procedure for computer calculation of processes of hot rolling to optimize its parameters
Cfd Simulation and Experimentalverification of Air Flow through Heated PipeIOSR Journals
The aim of this work is to validate the Dittus-Boelter equation by experimental,correlation and Simulation method. It used to find the value of heat transfer coefficient ‘h’ for turbulent flow in many fluid transfer systems. This work discusses how the Dittus-Boelter equation is applied to the problem of circular pipe. In CFD simulation ICEM CFD for modeling and CFX13 for analysis are used. Results of CFD simulation will be obtained by CFD-POST. Here heat transfer coefficient value is compared by correlations,experiment and CFD simulations, finally the aim of this work is to validate Dittus-Boelter equation.
THERMAL ANALYSIS OF A HEAT SINK FOR ELECTRONICS COOLINGIAEME Publication
Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that concern the generation, use, conversion and exchange of thermal energy, heat between physical systems. Heat transfer is classified in to various mechanisms such as heat conduction, convection, thermal radiation & transfer of energy by phase change. Most of the electronic equipment are low power and produce negligible amount of heat in their operation. Some devices, such as power transistors, CPU's, & power diodes produce a significant amount of heat. so sufficient measures are need to be taken so as to prolong their working life and reliability.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Application of Pinch Technology in Refrigerator Condenser Optimization by Usi...ijtsrd
Refrigeration is the major application area of thermodynamics, in which the heat is transferred to higher temperature region from a lower temperature region. Refrigerators are the devices which produce refrigeration and the refrigerators which operate on the cycles are called refrigeration cycles. Pinch technology and computational fluid dynamics CFD is key for study the condenser and enhance the better option for new design. Pinch Analysis also known as process integration, heat integration, energy integration, or pinch technology is method for minimizing the energy costs of a process by reusing the heat energy in the process streams rather than outside utilities. Mr. Mayur B. Ramteke | Prof. S. K. Bawne "Application of Pinch Technology in Refrigerator Condenser Optimization by Using CFD" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46440.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/46440/application-of-pinch-technology-in-refrigerator-condenser-optimization-by-using-cfd/mr-mayur-b-ramteke
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Design With Solid works Software and Planning Calculation Analysis of Fire Tu...IJRES Journal
Steam boilers (boilers) is a closed vessel made of steel that is used to generate steam. In the modern era many industries such as household scale industries for the manufacture of oyster mushroom spawn to use aid as a supplier of steam boilers are used as a sterilization process baglog. Annually, the number of requests oyster mushroom spawn have been increases, so the boiler is very significant equipment to increase the number of baglog production as oyster mushroom growing media.To help to fulfill the small industryrequiremets for oyster mushroom nursery,plannedatype offire tubeboilerthatcanhelpthe availability ofsteam ina lowscalewithsteamoutputcapacity of70kg/ h, temperature120℃, pressure1.5barandusingmaterialsLPGfuelas a source ofheatenergy.From the results of this design, fire tube boiler have efficiency of 0.934 % . The kettle body is made from asphalt drums pertamina with the Cold Rolled Steel materials. Used asphalt drums because of its availability in the market more easier to obtained easily and the dimensions of asphalt drum capable of holding for temperature and pressure have been determined . As for the pipe material using Carbon Steel Tubing Boilers ASME SA - 178A GRADE A / SA - 214 (Plain Carbon).
Evaluating mathematical heat transfer effectiveness equations using cfd techn...aeijjournal
Mathematical heat transfer equations for finned double pipe heat exchangers based on experimental work carried out in the 1970s can be programmed in a spreadsheet for repetitive use. Thus avoiding CFD analysis which can be time consuming and costly. However, it is important that such mathematical equations be evaluated for their accuracy. This paper uses CFD methods in evaluating the accuracy of mathematical equations. Several models were created with varying; geometry, flue gas entry temperature,
and flow rates. The analysis should provide designers and manufacturers a judgment on the expected level
of accuracy when using mathematical modelling methodology. This paper simultaneously identifies best
practices in carrying out such CFD analysis
Recent advances in semiconductor technology show the improvement of fabrication on
electronics appliances in terms of performance, power density and even the size. This great achievement
however led to some major problems on thermal and heat distribution of the electronic devices. This
thermal problem could reduce the efficiency and reliability of the electronic devices. In order to minimize
this thermal problem, an optimal cooling techniques need to be applied during the operation. There are
various cooling techniques have been used and one of them is passive pin fin heat sink approach. This
paper focuses on inline pin fin heat sink, which use copper material with different shapes of pin fin and a
constant 5.5W heat sources. The simulation model has been formulated using COMSOL Multiphysics
software to stimulate the pin fin design, study the thermal distribution and the maximum heat profile.
Analysis of Temperature loss of Hot Metal during Hot Rolling Process at Steel...IJMER
Hot metal is travelling a long distance (around 126 m) between roughing mill and a Steckel
finishing mill during hot rolling process in a steel plant which resulted in heat loss. Since, the
metallurgical qualities of finished product are closely related to the accurate control of temperature of
the material during the hot rolling process, the heat in the furnaces maintains the slab temperature at
high level at the cost of more fossil fuels. Temperature of the work piece influences spread appreciably.
Lower the temperature of raw material input, greater is the spread. Similarly, higher the temperature,
lesser is the spread. Lesser speed of rolling results in greater spread and vice-versa. Hence,
temperature is playing a vital role in hot rolling process.
Temperature loss of semi finished work pieces between the mill stand is inevitable until it
protected from the open atmosphere. If a low-emissivity material (radiation shield) is placed between
two surfaces, the radiation heat transfer can be considerably reduced. The shield increases the thermal
resistance to radiation heat flow. Because radiation is a major source of heat loss at the temperatures
involved (around 1060° C.) Thermal shields may be fixed over the path of the hot strip to reduce heat
loss and in particular such heat shields can be employed to reduce the head-to-tail temperature
variation along the length of a transfer bar. The result of this study is the development of an effective
procedure for computer calculation of processes of hot rolling to optimize its parameters
Cfd Simulation and Experimentalverification of Air Flow through Heated PipeIOSR Journals
The aim of this work is to validate the Dittus-Boelter equation by experimental,correlation and Simulation method. It used to find the value of heat transfer coefficient ‘h’ for turbulent flow in many fluid transfer systems. This work discusses how the Dittus-Boelter equation is applied to the problem of circular pipe. In CFD simulation ICEM CFD for modeling and CFX13 for analysis are used. Results of CFD simulation will be obtained by CFD-POST. Here heat transfer coefficient value is compared by correlations,experiment and CFD simulations, finally the aim of this work is to validate Dittus-Boelter equation.
THERMAL ANALYSIS OF A HEAT SINK FOR ELECTRONICS COOLINGIAEME Publication
Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that concern the generation, use, conversion and exchange of thermal energy, heat between physical systems. Heat transfer is classified in to various mechanisms such as heat conduction, convection, thermal radiation & transfer of energy by phase change. Most of the electronic equipment are low power and produce negligible amount of heat in their operation. Some devices, such as power transistors, CPU's, & power diodes produce a significant amount of heat. so sufficient measures are need to be taken so as to prolong their working life and reliability.
Computational analysis of heat transfer through four-stroke S. I. engine finsijsrd.com
it is important for an air-cooled engine to utilize fins for effective engine cooling to maintain uniform temperature in the cylinder periphery. Many experimental works has been done to improve the heat release of the cylinder and fin efficiency. In this study, heat release of an IC engine cylinder cooling with straight fins and with wavy fins is calculated numerically using commercially available CFD tool ANSYS. The IC engine is initially at 500⁰C and the heat release from the cylinder is analysed at a wind velocity of 60 km/hr to 100 km/hr. The heat release from both the cylinders is compared. With the help of the available numerically results, the design of the I. C. engine cooling fins can be modified for improving the heat release and efficiency.
Experimentation on heat pipe and cfd analysis for performance enhancementeSAT Journals
Abstract
Heat Pipe is a heat transfer device used in many applications and it is very similar in some respects to the thermosyphon. Since there were several limitations of thermosyphon, heat pipe was developed. The idea of the heat pipe was first suggested in 1942, since then over a several decades the serious development of a heat pipe took place. Heat pipe mainly consists of three regions viz. evaporator, adiabatic and condenser section. The heat pipe differs from the thermosyphon by virtue of its ability to transport heat against gravity by an evaporation-condensation cycle. This research work includes experimentation on available heat pipe, development of CFD model and its validation with experimental results using CFD Tool. The results obtained by CFD are in good agreement with an experimental results. Since the heat pipe is used for transferring the heat, this research work focuses on increasing the heat transfer by modified model, modifications in terms of increased surface area, is proposed. From CFD analysis it was found that the proposed modified heat pipe shows enhancement in performance in terms of heat transfer rate by 19% when it is simulated for without heat sink case and 45% while with heat sink case, compared to conventional heat pipe. The mixture multiphase model from CFD too is used for simulation of heat pipe.
Experimentation on heat pipe and cfd analysis for performance enhancementeSAT Journals
Abstract
Heat Pipe is a heat transfer device used in many applications and it is very similar in some respects to the thermosyphon. Since there were several limitations of thermosyphon, heat pipe was developed. The idea of the heat pipe was first suggested in 1942, since then over a several decades the serious development of a heat pipe took place. Heat pipe mainly consists of three regions viz. evaporator, adiabatic and condenser section. The heat pipe differs from the thermosyphon by virtue of its ability to transport heat against gravity by an evaporation-condensation cycle. This research work includes experimentation on available heat pipe, development of CFD model and its validation with experimental results using CFD Tool. The results obtained by CFD are in good agreement with an experimental results. Since the heat pipe is used for transferring the heat, this research work focuses on increasing the heat transfer by modified model, modifications in terms of increased surface area, is proposed. From CFD analysis it was found that the proposed modified heat pipe shows enhancement in performance in terms of heat transfer rate by 19% when it is simulated for without heat sink case and 45% while with heat sink case, compared to conventional heat pipe. The mixture multiphase model from CFD too is used for simulation of heat pipe.
ECONOMIC INSULATION FOR INDUSTRIAL PIPINGVijay Sarathy
Thermal Insulation for Industrial Piping is a common method to reduce energy costs in production facilities while meeting process requirements. Insulation represents a capital expenditure & follows the law of diminishing returns. Hence the thermal effectiveness of insulation needs to be justified by an economic limit, beyond which insulation ceases to effectuate energy recovery. To determine the effectiveness of an applied insulation, the insulation cost is compared with the associated energy losses & by choosing the thickness that gives the lowest total cost, termed as ‘Economic Thickness’.
The following tutorial provides guidance to estimate the economic thickness for natural gas piping in winter conditions as an example case study.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
THERMAL ANALYSIS OF AIR FLOW IN A CPU CABINET WITH MOTHERBOARD AND HARD DISK ...IAEME Publication
The present work investigates the numerical simulation of thermal analysis of mixed convection air flow in a CPU Cabinet. The simulation is focused on the non-uniformly heated mother board temperature distribution. In the
present work three cases have been studied, 1) Placing the CPU in vertical position, 2) Placing the CPU in horizontal
position and 3) Providing exhaust fan on top. The work also includes studies of effectiveness of different inlets provided.
The temperature distribution of the components and streamlines were investigated in order to get a clear picture of which case is more effective for cooling of the mother board
Design and Analysis of Micro Steam Turbine Using Catia and Ansysijceronline
Micro turbines are becoming widely used for combined power generation and heat applications. Micro turbines have many advantages over piston generators such as low emissions less moving parts, accepts commercial fuels. Steam turbine cycle and operation of micro turbine was studied and reported. Different parts (Inlet. Storage, Nozzle, Rotor, coupling, outlet, clip, housing) of turbine are designed with the help of CATIA software. The turbine is of Axial input and axial output type. ANSYS is used for thermal analysis of a steam turbine and those results are extracted and following values are shown by applying known temperature when it is in working condition.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
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• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
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• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
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Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Numerical Investigation of Forced Convection cooling of Electrical enclosure using CFD
1. Lakshminarasimha. N Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 5, Issue 11, (Part - 5) November 2015, pp.62-66
www.ijera.com 62 | P a g e
Numerical Investigation of Forced Convection cooling of
Electrical enclosure using CFD
Lakshminarasimha. N., IGBC AP
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, MVJ College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
Abstract
Electrical enclosures consist of high heat generating electrical components, so removal of heat generated
remains as our primary aim. To achieve this, cooling the electrical equipment is always an economical and
optimum solution to keep the electrical components to their operating temperature limits. Placing the cooling
components in the enclosure is another important parameter to be considered. This parameter can be judged
using a simple CFD analysis.
Therefore in the present work CFD simulation has been carried out by considering a typical Aluminum
Electrical enclosure of volume (300mm X 300mm X 300mm) with total internal heat dissipation of 150W. With
those values into consideration the surface area of enclosure, enclosure temperature rise, air flow requirement in
an enclosure is calculated and based on which the fan is selected.
Keywords- Enclosure, cooling, temperature rise, CFD
Terminology
CFD- Computational Fluid Dynamics
CFM- Cubic Feet per minute
∆T- Temperature rise
3D- Three dimensional
TSA- Total surface area
I. Introduction
Any electrical system without an enclosure is
incomplete. As enclosure protects the electrical
components from environmental hazards and it helps
to provide safe cooling mechanism for electrical
components. Any Enclosures can be cooled through
following cooling mechanisms: Natural convection,
Forced convection and closed loop cooling.
Electrical enclosure cooling becomes a necessity
because research has shown that enclosure
temperature rise on every 100
C rise above normal
room temperature decreases life of electrical
components and its reliability is cut by half [1]
. Hence
maintaining enclosure temperature rise becomes a
preliminary criterion.
Present work deals with both flow and thermal
analysis using FLUENT (CFD) on an electrical
enclosure consisting heat generating source
dissipating heat of 150 W. Study comprises on
calculating surface area of enclosure, Internal
temperature rise in an enclosure, air flow
requirement, selecting a fan for an enclosure,
determining maximum velocity and temperature
through numerical simulation and graphical
representation of the results.
CFD is a powerful tool for investigating complex
internal flow problems and in predicting the flow and
temperature in an enclosure and representing results
through color post-script.
II. Literature Survey
Literature survey has been conducted based on
available journals and Industrial data sheets.
Summaries of few important surveyed literatures are
as below:
Hoffman, Pentair Company, [1], [2003], this
technical manual is a ready reckoner for designing an
electronic enclosure. Also this manual is helpful for
engineers in preliminary design stage of any
electronic enclosure in evaluating any kind/type of
design aspects.
MahendraWankhede, et al, [2], [2010], Paper deals
with CFD analysis of Aluminium enclosure.
Enclosure consists of 100W heat generating PCBs.
Paper concludes that use of internal fans reduces
enclosure internal air temperature by 20- 25%
compared to enclosure with no fans.
Through the Literature survey, found that many
literatures are available on cooling of Chip and PCBs.
However from the available resource and data’s,
effort has been made to carry out this work.
III. 3. Methodology
ANSYS products have flexibility in modeling,
meshing and analysis, all combined in single
software. Present analysis work carried using
ANSYS FLUENT.
CFD process involves following steps:
i. Preprocessing- involves Geometry, Meshing
and Boundary conditions
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
2. Lakshminarasimha. N Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 5, Issue 11, (Part - 5) November 2015, pp.62-66
www.ijera.com 63 | P a g e
ii. Solver- involves Discretization by
substitution and solution for algebraic
equation
iii. Post processing- involves color postscript
Similarly the present analysis on electrical enclosure
has been carried out following above steps
3.1 Modeling
Figure 1, shows the 3D model of electrical enclosure
consisting Inlet, Exhaust fan/outlet and Heat block.
The enclosure is of volume 300mm X 300mm X
300mm. Inlet is provided at mid of the front wall and
exhaust fan is at mid of rear wall. The enclosure
material is aluminum.
Figure 1: Electrical enclosure
3.2 Meshing
Figure 2 shows the hexa mapped mesh. Model has
been meshed with 13512 elements and 14902 nodes.
Figure 3 shows mesh convergence plot.
Figure 2: 3D Mesh model
Figure 3: Mesh convergence plot
3.3 Boundary Conditions
Before applying Boundary conditions to the domain
few parameters need to calculated and is followed
below:
3.3.1 Calculating TSA of enclosure
Enclosure size: A x B x C= 300 mm X 300 mm X
300 mm
In feet,
TSA= 2(A x B) + 2(A x C) + 2(B x C)
TSA= 5.81 ft2
3.3.2 Calculating air flow requirement in CFM and
Fan selection
Enclosure internal heat dissipation is 150W. Hence
from Figure 4, for 150 W heat dissipation: 4”
fan is
selected and enclosure ∆T is 6.50
F (30
C).
Figure 4: Fan selection chart [1]
Air flow requirement in CFM [1]
= (3.16 x heat
dissipated in Watts) / Temperature rise in 0
F
3. Lakshminarasimha. N Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 5, Issue 11, (Part - 5) November 2015, pp.62-66
www.ijera.com 64 | P a g e
Therefore, Air flow required = (3.16 X 150)/ 6.5 =
72.92 CFM
Considering 25% safety margin [1]
,
= 1.25 X 72.92= 91.15 CFM= 92 CFM
Hence, CFM required for 4” fan is 92 CFM
Now Boundary conditions are applied based on
above calculations:
Outlet: Exhaust fan with 92 CFM
Wall: Stationary and No slip condition
Block: Heat load of 150W
Thermal Condition: Coupled
3.4 Solution Controls
Flow is considered to be steady and turbulent.
Turbulent model selected is standard K- epsilon
model hence two equations: turbulent Kinetic energy
and turbulent dissipation rate are solved. SIMPLE
discretization scheme is used for solving momentum
and turbulent equations.
3.5 Mathematical Models
Fluent code solves governing equations for each
and every cell in the domain. The governing
equations are:
i. Mass conservation equation
ii. Momentum conversation equation
iii. Energy conservation equation
Since flow is turbulent, another equation is solved
that is K-epsilon model, it consists of two equations:
turbulent Kinetic energy (eqn. a) and turbulent
dissipation rate (eqn. b)
∂
∂t
ρk +
∂
∂xi
ρkui =
∂
∂xj
μ +
μt
σk
∂k
∂xj
+ Gk +
Gb − ρϵ − YM + Sk ……….. (eqn. a)
And
∂
∂t
ρϵ +
∂
∂xi
ρϵui =
∂
∂xj
μ +
μt
σϵ
∂ϵ
∂xj
+
C1ϵ
ϵ
k
Gk + C3ϵGb − C2ϵρ
ϵ2
k
+ Sϵ …… (eqn. b)
Where, turbulent or eddy viscosity, μt
= ρCμ
k2
ϵ
and
Gk& Gb represents the generation of turbulence
kinetic energy due to mean velocity gradients and
buoyancy. YM represents the contribution of the
fluctuating dilation in compressible turbulence to the
overall dissipation rate [5]
.
IV. Discussion of Results
The results obtained from the analysis are
graphically represented through velocity and
temperature contours plot which helps us to know
maximum flow velocity and maximum temperature
zones in an enclosure. The results are discussed
below:
a) Velocity contour
Figure 5 shows the cut plane velocity contour.
From the figure it is clear that the maximum velocity
is found near inlet. The maximum velocity was found
to be 36.51 m/s.
b) Temperature contour
Figure 6 shows the Temperature contour cut
plane. Maximum temperature was found at
surrounded surface of heated block and its value
obtained is 82.06 0
C.
c) Vector and Stream line plots
Figure 7 shows the vector plot and stream line
plots of velocity and temperature. This signifies the
distribution of air and direction of flow in the
domain. The air flow is from left to right.
3.7 Results validation
Results obtained for the problem are converged
results. However results obtained from analysis is
compared with analytical calculations.
a) Temperature rise (∆T):
Figure 8 shows the snap shot of FLUENT (CFD)
result. It shows the temperature values at exhaust fan
and inlet. The difference in those value gives ∆T and
it is found to be 3 0
C.
Figure 8: Temperature rise- CFD result
From Figure 4, ∆T = 6.5 0
F i.e. 30
C. Hence CFD
result is matching analytical approach for ∆T in an
enclosure.
b) Checking for heat balance
Heat balance in here means heat input to the
enclosure should be equal to heat lost from the
enclosure. The total heat dissipated in an enclosure is
150 W, this is the amount of heat to be removed and
heat balance to be maintained. Figure 9 shows the
CFD result and it is evident that heat balance is
maintained. Negative sign indicates that heat is
removed.
Figure 9: Total heat transfer rate- CFD result
5. Lakshminarasimha. N Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 5, Issue 11, (Part - 5) November 2015, pp.62-66
www.ijera.com 66 | P a g e
Figure 6: Temperature contour plot
Figure 7: Vector and stream line plots