CERVICITIS.pptx
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Cervicitis inflammation of the cervix due to presence of pathogenic microorganisms. It is common in sexually active females
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Vulvitis is irritation or inflammation of the vulva, the skin outside the vagina. It causes symptoms like itching, redness, swelling, soreness, and pain during sex. Vulvitis can be caused by infections, irritants like soaps or tight clothing, medications, douching, or poor hygiene. Diagnosis involves examining the vulva and testing for infections. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include anti-fungal or antibiotic creams, hydrocortisone cream for allergies, or estrogen cream for post-menopausal women. Preventing vulvitis involves keeping the vulva clean, dry, and cool and avoiding irritants.
Pelvic inflammatory disease ppt
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an inflammatory condition of the pelvic cavity that is usually caused by bacteria, viruses, or other microbes. It commonly affects sexually active young women and can cause long-term complications like infertility or ectopic pregnancy if left untreated. Symptoms include lower abdominal pain and vaginal discharge. Treatment involves antibiotics, bed rest, and care of any sexual partners. Nursing care focuses on monitoring, education, and supporting patients through treatment.
BARTHOLINS.pptx
Bartholin's glands are paired oval-shaped glands located on each side of the vaginal opening that produce lubricating secretions. Bartholin's gland infection, or Bartholinitis, can be caused by various bacteria and may result in complete resolution, recurrence, abscess formation, or cyst formation. A Bartholin's abscess is an infection of one of the glands that causes severe pain and swelling. Treatment involves antibiotics, sitz baths, and draining the abscess. A Bartholin's cyst is a fluid-filled sac that can cause discomfort and dyspareunia, and treatment is marsupialization to remove the cyst.
Ovarian cyst
This document discusses ovarian cysts, including their definition, causes, types, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. The main types are functional cysts, which usually disappear on their own, and pathological cysts caused by abnormal cell growth. Diagnosis involves imaging tests and bloodwork. Treatment depends on the cyst type but may include observation, birth control pills, pain medication, laparoscopy, or laparotomy. Complications can include infertility, torsion, rupture, or potentially ovarian cancer. The goal of management is to determine if a cyst is harmful or likely to cause symptoms.
Uterine prolapse
Uterine prolapse is the downward displacement of the uterus into the vaginal canal. It is usually rated by degree depending on how far the uterus has descended. Risk factors include pregnancy, childbirth, obesity, chronic coughing, and menopause. Symptoms include pressure or heaviness in the pelvis, urinary problems, and painful sex. Treatment options include the use of a vaginal pessary or various surgical procedures to repair tissues. Nursing care focuses on preventive measures like Kegel exercises and helping patients before and after surgery.
Cervical biopsy procedure
A cervical biopsy is a procedure to remove tissue from the cervix to test for abnormal or precancerous conditions, or cervical cancer. The cervix is the lower, narrow part of the uterus. It forms a canal that opens into the vagina. Cervical biopsies can be done in several ways.
Moniliasis
Moniliasis, or candidiasis, is a common fungal infection caused by Candida that usually infects moist areas of the body like the vagina. It is more common in those with diabetes, obesity, pregnancy, or those using antibiotics or hormonal contraceptives. Symptoms include burning, itching, and thick white discharge. Diagnosis involves examination and testing. Treatment consists of antifungal creams or suppositories used for 1-2 weeks. Nursing focuses on pain management, health education to prevent further infections, and monitoring for complications.
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an inflammatory condition of the pelvic cavity that is usually caused by bacteria like gonorrhea and chlamydia. It begins with cervicitis and can spread to the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and pelvic peritoneum. Risk factors include young age, multiple sexual partners, history of STDs, and procedures like IUD insertion. Symptoms include lower abdominal pain and vaginal discharge. Diagnosis involves history, exam noting cervical motion tenderness, and tests. Treatment is hospitalization, IV antibiotics, and educating partners to prevent reinfection. Complications can include infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain.
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Vulvitis is irritation or inflammation of the vulva, the skin outside the vagina. It causes symptoms like itching, redness, swelling, soreness, and pain during sex. Vulvitis can be caused by infections, irritants like soaps or tight clothing, medications, douching, or poor hygiene. Diagnosis involves examining the vulva and testing for infections. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include anti-fungal or antibiotic creams, hydrocortisone cream for allergies, or estrogen cream for post-menopausal women. Preventing vulvitis involves keeping the vulva clean, dry, and cool and avoiding irritants.
Pelvic inflammatory disease ppt
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an inflammatory condition of the pelvic cavity that is usually caused by bacteria, viruses, or other microbes. It commonly affects sexually active young women and can cause long-term complications like infertility or ectopic pregnancy if left untreated. Symptoms include lower abdominal pain and vaginal discharge. Treatment involves antibiotics, bed rest, and care of any sexual partners. Nursing care focuses on monitoring, education, and supporting patients through treatment.
BARTHOLINS.pptx
Bartholin's glands are paired oval-shaped glands located on each side of the vaginal opening that produce lubricating secretions. Bartholin's gland infection, or Bartholinitis, can be caused by various bacteria and may result in complete resolution, recurrence, abscess formation, or cyst formation. A Bartholin's abscess is an infection of one of the glands that causes severe pain and swelling. Treatment involves antibiotics, sitz baths, and draining the abscess. A Bartholin's cyst is a fluid-filled sac that can cause discomfort and dyspareunia, and treatment is marsupialization to remove the cyst.
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This document discusses ovarian cysts, including their definition, causes, types, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. The main types are functional cysts, which usually disappear on their own, and pathological cysts caused by abnormal cell growth. Diagnosis involves imaging tests and bloodwork. Treatment depends on the cyst type but may include observation, birth control pills, pain medication, laparoscopy, or laparotomy. Complications can include infertility, torsion, rupture, or potentially ovarian cancer. The goal of management is to determine if a cyst is harmful or likely to cause symptoms.
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Uterine prolapse is the downward displacement of the uterus into the vaginal canal. It is usually rated by degree depending on how far the uterus has descended. Risk factors include pregnancy, childbirth, obesity, chronic coughing, and menopause. Symptoms include pressure or heaviness in the pelvis, urinary problems, and painful sex. Treatment options include the use of a vaginal pessary or various surgical procedures to repair tissues. Nursing care focuses on preventive measures like Kegel exercises and helping patients before and after surgery.
Cervical biopsy procedure
A cervical biopsy is a procedure to remove tissue from the cervix to test for abnormal or precancerous conditions, or cervical cancer. The cervix is the lower, narrow part of the uterus. It forms a canal that opens into the vagina. Cervical biopsies can be done in several ways.
Moniliasis
Moniliasis, or candidiasis, is a common fungal infection caused by Candida that usually infects moist areas of the body like the vagina. It is more common in those with diabetes, obesity, pregnancy, or those using antibiotics or hormonal contraceptives. Symptoms include burning, itching, and thick white discharge. Diagnosis involves examination and testing. Treatment consists of antifungal creams or suppositories used for 1-2 weeks. Nursing focuses on pain management, health education to prevent further infections, and monitoring for complications.
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an inflammatory condition of the pelvic cavity that is usually caused by bacteria like gonorrhea and chlamydia. It begins with cervicitis and can spread to the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and pelvic peritoneum. Risk factors include young age, multiple sexual partners, history of STDs, and procedures like IUD insertion. Symptoms include lower abdominal pain and vaginal discharge. Diagnosis involves history, exam noting cervical motion tenderness, and tests. Treatment is hospitalization, IV antibiotics, and educating partners to prevent reinfection. Complications can include infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain.
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This document provides information on the approach to vaginal discharge. It discusses the most common causes of vaginitis which are bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis. It describes the pathophysiology, symptoms, risk factors, diagnostic tests, and treatment options for each condition. Physical examination findings and microscopic examination of vaginal discharge samples are important for diagnosis. Treatment typically involves oral or topical antifungal medications for candidiasis and oral metronidazole for bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis.
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an inflammatory or infectious condition of the pelvic cavity that can affect the cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. It is commonly caused by Neisseria gonorrhea and Chlamydia trachomatis. Symptoms may include vaginal discharge, pain during sex, lower abdominal pain, and fever. Treatment involves antibiotic therapy, with hospitalization needed if oral antibiotics are ineffective. Complications can include recurrent PID, ruptured abscess, chronic pain, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility if left untreated.
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This document provides information on diseases of the vagina and vulva. It begins with the anatomy of the vagina and vulva. It then discusses common vaginal infections and inflammations like bacterial vaginosis, yeast infections, and trichomoniasis. Diagnosis and treatment of vaginal infections is outlined. Cysts and benign conditions of the vulva and vagina are described including lichen sclerosis and lichen planus. Finally, neoplasms of the vulva like vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and squamous cell carcinoma are discussed.
SALPINGITIS.pptx
Salpingitis is a type of pelvic inflammatory disease that causes inflammation of the fallopian tubes, usually resulting from sexually transmitted infections like chlamydia or gonorrhea. Left untreated, salpingitis can lead to long-term complications such as tubal scarring and blockages that cause infertility or ectopic pregnancy. Symptoms include abnormal vaginal discharge and lower abdominal pain. Diagnosis involves blood and swab tests to detect infections as well as ultrasounds and other imaging to examine the reproductive organs. Treatment consists of antibiotics, often administered intravenously, as well as screening and treatment of any underlying STIs.
dysfunctional uterine bleeding
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is abnormal uterine bleeding that has no identifiable cause. It affects around 40 in 1000 women and is common in adolescents and women approaching menopause. It occurs due to disruptions in the normal hormonal cycle. Diagnosis involves examinations and tests to rule out other causes. Treatment may include medication, endometrial ablation, or hysterectomy in severe cases. Recent research is exploring the safety and effectiveness of thermal balloon endometrial ablation compared to other procedures.
Physiology of labour
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physiology and mecanism of labour
Labour is the process by which the fetus and placenta are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal. It involves involuntary uterine contractions that cause effacement and dilation of the cervix, allowing the fetus to descend and be delivered. Normal labour has three stages - the first stage involves cervical dilation, the second stage is expulsion of the fetus, and the third stage is expulsion of the placenta. Multiple factors influence the progress of labour, including the size and position of the fetus, strength of uterine contractions, and psychological state of the mother.
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Vaginitis refers to inflammation of the vaginal wall that is commonly caused by infections. The three most common types of vaginitis are trichomoniasis, candidiasis, and bacterial vaginosis. Trichomoniasis causes a foul-smelling greenish discharge and is caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. Candidiasis results in a curdy white discharge due to the fungus Candida albicans. Bacterial vaginosis involves a shift in vaginal flora leading to a gray white discharge with a fishy odor.
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A surgically planned incision on the perineum and the posterior vaginal wall during the second stage of labour is called episiotomy.
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Dilatation and curettage (D & C) is a procedure to remove tissue from inside the uterus. Doctors perform D & C to diagnose and treat certain uterine conditions — such as a heavy bleeding — or to clear the uterine lining after an abortion or miscarriage.
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Salpingitis is a type of pelvic inflammatory disease that causes inflammation of the fallopian tubes, usually resulting from sexually transmitted infections like chlamydia or gonorrhea. Left untreated, salpingitis can lead to long-term complications such as tubal scarring and blockages that cause infertility or ectopic pregnancy. Symptoms include abnormal vaginal discharge and lower abdominal pain. Diagnosis involves blood and swab tests to detect infections as well as ultrasounds and other imaging to examine the reproductive organs. Treatment consists of antibiotics, often administered intravenously, as well as screening and treatment of any underlying STIs.
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physiology of labor includes the contraction and retraction of the muscles of uterus. I hope this presentation will help the persons of concerned subject.
Hydatidiform Mole
Hydatidiform Mole (HM) is a rare mass or growth that forms inside the uterus at the beginning of a pregnancy. It is a type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD).
When a normal sperm cell fertilizes one of these oocytes, the resulting embryo has only one set of chromosomes. Because the embryo has no genes from the mother, the pregnancy cannot develop normally, resulting in a hydatidiform mole.
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Labour is the process by which the fetus and placenta are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal. It involves involuntary uterine contractions that cause effacement and dilation of the cervix, allowing the fetus to descend and be delivered. Normal labour has three stages - the first stage involves cervical dilation, the second stage is expulsion of the fetus, and the third stage is expulsion of the placenta. Multiple factors influence the progress of labour, including the size and position of the fetus, strength of uterine contractions, and psychological state of the mother.
Uterine polyps
Uterine polyps are abnormal tissue growths that can form on the uterus or cervix. There are two main types: mucoid polyps arising from the endometrium and fibroid polyps arising from submucosal fibroids. Polyps may cause irregular bleeding but often have no symptoms. Diagnosis involves transvaginal ultrasound, hysteroscopy, or endometrial biopsy. Small polyps are removed by twisting with forceps, while larger polyps require procedures like hysteroscopy or morcellation. Complications can include infertility or cervical injury.
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Displacement of uterus
Uterine prolapse occurs when the uterus descends from its normal position in the pelvis due to weakening of the pelvic muscles and ligaments that support it. It is a common condition seen primarily in post-menopausal women with a history of one or more vaginal deliveries. Symptoms include a feeling of pressure or fullness in the pelvis, back pain, difficulty emptying the bladder or bowels fully, and the visible protrusion of the uterus from the vagina. Management involves pelvic floor exercises, pessary devices, and surgery depending on the severity of the prolapse. Surgery such as vaginal hysterectomy is often used to correct uterine prolapse.
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CERVICITIS.pptx
- 2. Objectives • Define cervicitis. • State causes of cervicitis. • Describe pathophysiology of cervicitis. • State clinical features of cervicitis.
- 3. • Outline the investigations that are done for cervicitis. • Outline the medical management of cervicitis. • Outline the health education that is given to the client.
- 4. • State complications of cervicitis.
- 5. Definition • Cervicitis is inflammation of the cervix.
- 6. Causes Cervicitis is sexually transmitted. • Chlamydia trachomatis. • Neisseria gonorrhoea. • Staphylococcus aureus.
- 7. Pathophysiology Infection and inflammation of the cervix, vagina and vulva tend to occur when the natural defences of the acid vaginal secretions (maintained by sufficient oestrogen levels) and the
- 8. Presence of lacto bacillus are disrupted. The woman’s resistance may be decreased as a result of aging, poor nutrition and use of drugs e.G antibiotcs that alter the flora or mucosa.
- 9. Organisms gain entry to the areas through contaminated hands, clothing, douche tips and during intercourse, surgery and child birth.
- 10. Clinical manfestations • Muco purulent discharge. • Dysuria . • Post coital spotting.
- 11. Investigations • Cervical discharge swab for culture for chlaymidia and gonorrhea .
- 12. Management Medical treatment. • Azithromycin p.O single dose Or • Doxycycline 100 mg po b.D x 7/7 and ceftriaxone (rocephine) 2g im stat.
- 13. Health education • Partner to be treated . • encourage barrier method during intercourse. • Health educate on the dangers of having multiple sexual partners.
- 14. • Health educate on correct consistant use of condoms either male or female to prevent contracting hiv since cervicitis predisposes one to hiv.
- 15. • Health educate on personal hygiene and discourage douching. • Encourage the woman to have a pap smear collected and refer for viac inspection to rule out cancer of the cervix.
- 16. Complications • Pelvic inflammatory disease. • Ectopic pregnancy. • Infertility • Cancer of the cervix. • Hiv/aids
- 17. References • Heirtkemper m. MACLEAN (2000) MEDICAL – SURGICAL NURSING 6th EDITION • Brunner and suddarth (1992) MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING 12th EDITION.
- 18. • LLEWELLYN JONES (2005), FUNDAMENTALS OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY 8th EDITION