The document discusses central nervous system (CNS) stimulants, categorizing them into respiratory stimulants, psychomotor stimulants, and convulsants. It highlights the uses and adverse effects of specific drugs like doxapram, amphetamines, and caffeine, noting their stimulant effects on respiration, mental alertness, and performance. Additionally, it mentions the risks associated with these drugs, including potential convulsions and other side effects.

1. Central nervous system (CNS) stimulants
Bestha chakrapani M.pharm..,
Associate professor
Department of pharmacology
chakrispecial@gmail.com
9618279507

4. Drugs that have a predominately stimulant effect on the cns may be broadly divided into
1. Respiratory stimulants:
Doxapram
Nikethamide
2.psychomotor stimulants
Amphetamine
Cocaine
Methyxanthine
3.Convulsants:
Leptazol
Strychnine

8. Respiratory stimulants are also called analeptics.
These drugs stimulate respiration and are some
times used to treat respiratory failure.
Though they may bring about temporary
improvement in respiration.
The mortality is not reduced.
They have a low safety margin and may produce
convulsions.

10. Doxapram appears to act mainly on the brain stem
and spinal cord and increase the activity of
respiratory and vasomotor centers.
Adverse effects are
Nausea,
Cough,
 Restlessness,
Hypertension,
Tachycardia,
Arrhythmias
Convulsions.

11. uses
Doxapram is occasionally used IV as an
analeptic in acute respiratory failure.
Apnea in premature infants not responding to
Theophylline.

12. nikethamide
Is not used because of the risk of convulsions.
Psychomotor stimulants:
Amphetamine and dextroamphetamine are
sympathomimetic drugs.

13. Psychomotor stimulants
Amphetamine and dextroamphetamine are
sympathomimetic drugs.

17. cocaine
CNS STIMULANT
PRODUCES EUPHORIA
DRUG OF ABUSE

23. methylxanthines
Caffeine ,Theophylline and theobromine are
the naturally occurring xanthenes alkaloids.
The beverages –coffee contains ,caffeine, tea
contains Theophylline and caffeine ;coca has
caffeine and theobromine.

24. actions
CNS :caffeine and Theophylline are cns stimulants .
They bring about an increase in mental alertness.
A reduction of fatigue, produce a sense of well –being and
improve motor activity and performance with a clearer flow
thought .
Caffeine stimulates the respiratory center.
Higher doses produce irritability nervousness
,restlessness,insomina,excitement, and headache.
High doses can result inconvulsions.

25. uses
Head ache:
Because of the effect of caffeine on cerebral
blood vessels ,it is combined with ergotamine
for the relief of migraine headache.
Caffeine is also combined with aspirin
/paracetamol for the treatment of headache.
Bronchial asthma: theophylline is used in the
treatment of bronchial asthma.