The document discusses the classification and functions of the nervous system, focusing on central and peripheral divisions, types of neurons, and neurotransmitters. It details CNS stimulants, their mechanisms of action, clinical uses, and adverse effects, while also describing the effects of specific substances like amphetamine, picrotoxin, and strychnine. Additionally, it touches on cognition enhancers and hallucinogens, listing various compounds with psychotropic properties.

1. Ravish Yadav
CNS Stimulants Drugs

2. Nervous System
• The nervous system can be classified into
• The Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain and spinal cord
• The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS (The nervous system outside of
the brain and spinal cord

3. Peripheral Nervous System PNS
Can be divided into-
1- Sensory division(affrent)
Conducts impulses from receptors to the CNS and Informs the CNS of
the state of the body
2- Motor division(effrent)
Conducts impulses from CNS to effectors organs.

4. Motor Neurons
•The motor division is also divided into
•1- The somatic nervous system :
•VOLUNTARY (generally) Somatic nerve fibers that
conduct impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles
•2. The autonomic nervous system:
INVOLUNTARY (generally) Conducts impulses from
the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and
glands

5. Neurons
• They are the basic functional unit of the nervous system.
• They contain three major parts:
• 1.cell body.
• 2. dendrites.
• 3. axon.

6. Structure

7. Neurotransmitters CNS
• They can be classified into :
• 1. Exitatory:
• - Ach, glutamate, aspartate , serotonin and NE.
• 2. Inhibitory:-
• - GABA , glycin .

8. CNS Stimulants
• Defination
“Stimulants are a substance which
tends to increase behavioral activity
when administered”

9. Signs and symptoms:
• 1- Elevate Mood
• 2- Increase Motor Activity
• 3- Increase Alertness
• 4- Decrease need for Sleep
• In case of overdose lead to convulsion and death.

10. Neuronal Synapse

11. Neuronal Synapse

12. CNS Stimulants
• - They can be divided based on their site of action:
• 1.Cerebral stimulants (amphetamines)
• 2.Medullary stimulants (picrotoxin)
• 3.Spinal stimulants (strychnine)

14. MOA of CNS Stimulants
1- Block neurotransmitters reuptake (Most reuptake
inhibitors affect either NE or 5-HT(Serotonin) :
Cocaine
2- Promote neurotransmitters release : Amphetamine
3- Block Metabolism - MAO inhibitors (monoamine
oxidase): Phenelzine
4. antagonize the effect of inhibitory neurotransmitter:
Picrotoxin & Strychnine

15. Amphetamine
•MOAs :
• Block the reuptake of norepinephrine and
dopamine into the presynaptic neuron and increase
the release of these monoamines into the
extraneuronal space.
Clinical use:
•1. Narcolepsy (is a chronic neurological disorder involving the loss of the brain's ability to regulate
sleep-wake cycles normally)
•2. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

16. Adverse effects:
• - Cardiovascular: Hypertension (7% to 22%, pediatric )
• - Endocrine metabolic: Weight loss (4% to 9%, pediatric;
11%, adults )
• - Gastrointestinal: Abdominal pain (11% to 14%, pediatrics ),
Loss of appetite (22% to 36%), Xerostomia ((also termed dry mouth as a
symptom or dry mouth syndrome as a syndrome))(35% )
• - Neurologic: Headache (26% ), Insomnia (12% to 17%,
pediatric; 27%, adults )
• - Psychiatric: Feeling nervous (6% )
Amphetamine

17. • After injecting, the mice with amphetamine you will notice:
- Hair erection
• - Licking, gnawing (persistently worrying or distressing.).
• - Stereotype (a stereotype is a thought that can be adopted about specific types of individuals or certain ways of
doing things.)
• - Sniffing
Amphetamine

18. Picrotoxin
•MOA:
• Non-competitive antagonist of GABA receptors.
•After injecting the mice with picrotoxin you
will notice:
- Clonic convulsion characterized by :
•1. Asymmetric
•2. Intermittent
•3. Spontaneous
•4. Coordinated

19. Strychinine
•MOA:
•Competitive antagonist of the glycin receptors.
•After injecting the mice with Strychinine you will
•notice:
- Tonic convulsion characterized by :
•1. Symmetric
•2. Reflex in origin
•3. Continuous
•4. Uncoordinated.

20. COGNITION ENHANCERS
(Cerebroactive drugs)
Nootropics-Brain-Enhancers

21. • These are a heterogenous group of drugs developed for use in
dementia and other cerebral disorders.

22. HALLUCINOGENS
(Psychotomimetics, Psychedelics,
Psychodysleptics, Psychotogens)

23. • These are drugs which alter mood, behaviour, thought and perception in
a manner similar to that seen in psychosis. Many natural products
having hallucinogenic property have been discovered and used by man
since prehistoric times.

24. • INDOLE AMINES
• 1. Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
• 2. Lysergic acid amide
• 3. Psilocybin
• 4. Harmine
• 5. Bufotenin
• PHENYLALKYLAMINES
• Mescaline
• Ecstasy :Methylene dioxy methamphetamine (MDMA)
• ARYLCYCLOHEXYL AMINES
• Phencyclidine
• CANNABINOIDS