CNS stimulants increase brain activity and alertness. They are used to treat ADHD, narcolepsy, and sleep disorders by enhancing focus, attention, and wakefulness. Common CNS stimulants include amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, nicotine, and caffeine. Their mechanism of action involves increasing dopamine, norepinephrine, and other neurotransmitters through reuptake inhibition, monoamine oxidase inhibition, or adenosine receptor antagonism. While useful medically, non-medical use of CNS stimulants can be illegal and dangerous without supervision due to risks of addiction and health effects.

1. CNS STIMULANT
Prepared By :-
BALAJI YADAV
Presented By :-
ROHIT BHOSALE
SAJVPM'S College of Pharmaceutical
Sciences & Research Centre,
Kada, Tal. Ashti, Dist. Beed 414202

2. Outline
• Introduction to CNS Stimulant
• Role of CNS Stimulant
• Types of CNS Stimulant
• Mechanism of CNS Stimulant
• Site of Action
• Clinical Application
• Conclusion

3. Introduction
• Central Nervous System (CNS) stimulants are a class of
medications that increase brain activity and alertness.
• They play a crucial role in the field of medicine and
neuroscience, particularly in the treatment of
conditions like ADHD, narcolepsy, and sleep disorders.

4. Role of CNS Stimulant
• CNS stimulants, like amphetamines and
methylphenidate, enhance focus and attention in
ADHD treatment.
• They promote wakefulness for conditions like
narcolepsy. Some misuse them for cognitive
enhancement, though effectiveness and safety are
debated.
• They can aid weight loss but require medical
supervision to prevent adverse effects.

5. Types of CNS Stimulant

6. Amphetamines
• Amphetamines, such as Adderall and Dexedrine, are CNS
stimulants commonly used for ADHD treatment.
• They work by increasing the release of neurotransmitters like
dopamine and norepinephrine, improving focus, attention, and
alertness.
• However, they have potential side effects and should be used
under medical guidance to minimize risks.

8. Methylphenidate
• This is a widely prescribed CNS stimulant used
primarily for treating attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD).
• It helps improve focus, attention, and impulse control
in individuals with ADHD.

9. Modafinil
• Modafinil is a CNS stimulant used to treat narcolepsy,
a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime
sleepiness.
• It promotes wakefulness and helps individuals with
narcolepsy stay alert and focused during the day.

10. Nicotin
• When nicotine is inhaled or absorbed into the
bloodstream, it quickly reaches the brain, where it
binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. This
binding triggers the release of various
neurotransmitters, including dopamine,
norepinephrine, and serotonin, leading to increased
neural activity and stimulation.

11. ... effect of Nicotin
• The effects of nicotine as a CNS stimulant include
improved focus, heightened alertness, and increased
cognitive performance.
• It can also produce feelings of pleasure and reward
due to its impact on the brain's reward pathways.

12. Caffeine
• Caffeine is a widely consumed natural stimulant that
affects the central nervous system (CNS). It is found
in various beverages and foods such as coffee, tea,
energy drinks, and chocolate. When ingested,
caffeine is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream
and crosses the blood-brain barrier, leading to its
stimulating effects.

13. • As a CNS stimulant, caffeine blocks the action of
adenosine receptors in the brain. Adenosine is a
neurotransmitter that promotes relaxation and
drowsiness.
• By inhibiting adenosine receptors, caffeine increases
neuronal activity and promotes wakefulness and
alertness.

14. • Caffeine also stimulates the release of
neurotransmitters like dopamine, norepinephrine,
and serotonin, further contributing to its stimulating
effects.
• These neurotransmitters are associated with mood
elevation, increased focus, and improved cognitive

15. Mechanism of Action

16. • The mechanism of action of CNS
stimulants involves their ability to
increase the activity of certain
neurotransmitters in the brain, primarily
dopamine and norepinephrine.

17. Dopamine and
Norepinephrine
• These neurotransmitters play
important roles in regulating
various brain functions,
including attention, focus, and
mood.

18.  Reuptake Inhibition :-
• CNS stimulants, such as methylphenidate and
amphetamines, work by inhibiting the reuptake
of dopamine and norepinephrine.
• This means that they prevent these
neurotransmitters from being taken back up
into the nerve cells that released them

19.  Monoamine Oxidase Inhibition
• Certain CNS stimulants, such as selegiline
and rasagiline, inhibit the activity of the
enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO).
• MAO is responsible for the breakdown of
neurotransmitters like dopamine,
norepinephrine, and serotonin.
• By inhibiting MAO, these drugs increase the
levels of these neurotransmitters in the
brain, leading to increased stimulation.

20.  Adenosine Receptor Antagonism:
• Adenosine is a neurotransmitter that
promotes sleep and relaxation.
• By antagonizing the adenosine receptors
in the brain, CNS stimulants reduce the
inhibitory effects of adenosine,
promoting wakefulness and alertness.

22. Clinical Application of CNS Stimulant
• Central nervous system (CNS) stimulants have various
applications in medical and non-medical settings. In
medicine, they are primarily used to treat attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by improving
focus, attention, and reducing hyperactivity.
• CNS stimulants like methylphenidate and
amphetamines can also be prescribed for narcolepsy
to combat excessive sleepiness.

23. Clinical Application
• Additionally, they may be utilized in the management of
certain cases of obesity as appetite suppressants. Non-
medical applications include their use as performance-
enhancing drugs, often in sports, to enhance alertness
and physical stamina.
• However, it is important to note that non-medical use
of CNS stimulants can be illegal and pose serious
health risks if used without proper medical
supervision.

24. Warning:-
Excessive consumption of alcohol, nicotine, caffeine, or CNS
stimulant drugs can lead to addiction, adverse health effects, and
increased risks to your well-being."