In the PPT one get information about Reserved Paramilitary Forces and the relevant laws.

1. WHAT ARE RESERVED OR PARAMILITARY FORCES ?
  We can define paramilitary forces as “ forces or
groups that are distinct from the regular armed
forces of country , but resembling them in
organization, equipment training , or mission “.
 In India paramilitary forces are those government
organization that help military forces, police and
other organizations in law and order management,
disaster management and control civil agitations.

2. CAPF is classified into
three groups:
•Border Guarding Forces
• Assam Rifles (AR)
• Border Security
Force (BSF)
• Indo-Tibetan
Border
Police (ITBP)
• Sashastra Seema
Bal (SSB)
•Special Task Force
• National Security
Guard (NSG)
•Forces for Internal
Security
• Central Industrial
Security
Force (CISF)
• Central Reserve
Police
Force (CRPF)

3. Principal Laws regulating CAPF
organizations:
1. The Central Armed Police Forces (Assam Rifles) Act,
1949
2. The Border Security Force Act, 1968.
3. The Indo-Tibetan Border Police Force Act, 1992.
4. The Sashastra Seema Bal Act, 2007
5. The Central Industrial Security Force Act, 1968
6. The Central Reserve Police Force Act, 1949
7. The National Security Guard Act, 1986

4. The paramilitary forces of India are
world’s second largest after the
Chinese people’s armed force which
has 1.5 million personnel.
In comparison to civilian police force ,
paramilitary force may provide a more
disciplined force whose military
capabilities make them more capable
of dealing with all types of violence

5. WHY THERE IS A NEED FOR PARAMILITARY
FORCES ?
With it’s large area, diversity and
kilometers of borders, India needs
specialized forces that can maintain law
and order in disturbed areas and keep
vigilance on borders.
Also there may arise diverse conditions
due to natural as well as manmade
catastrophe or civil agitations

6. SOME OF MAIN OPERATIONS BY PARAMILITARY
FORCES ARE
 1 . Combating terrorism.
 This include antiterrorism and counterterrorism.
 2 . Anti-smuggling operations.
 3 . Humanitarian assistance.
 This include operations to retrieve or reduce the
results of natural or manmade disaster
 4 . Support civil authorities.
 5 . Non-combatant evaluation operations.

8. ASSAM RIFLES:
OBJECTIVE/PURPOSE :
 To guard the Indo-Myanmar border and conduct
Counter
 Insurgency operations in the North East.
ROLE :
 Nominated as the Border Guarding force and the
Lead Intelligence Agency for the Indo-Myanmar
border and mandated to undertake Counter
Insurgency operations in the North Eastern
States
 and other areas as deemed necessary under the
operational control of the Army.
CAPABILITY :
 (a) Border Guarding.
 (b) Counter Insurgency Operations.
 (c) Aid to Civil authorities.
 (d) Undertake defensive operations and Rear
Area Security during conventional War.
Oldest paramilitary force in India
Since 1835

9. Border security force (largest dedicated border guarding force in the world:
192 battalions):-
Task:
 Promote a sense of security among the people living in the border areas.
 Prevent trans-border crimes, unauthorized entry into or exit from the territory of
India.
 Prevent smuggling and any other illegal activities.
 Help civil administration in maintenance of public order.
CAPABILITY :
 BSF is well capable of guarding 6386.36 Km (2289.66 Km –Indo-Pak Borders,
4096.7 Km Indo-BD Borders) of the International Borders (IB) and 237.2 Km of
the Line of Control (LC). In addition, BSF is capable & efficient enough to take on
other challenges effectively like Counter-Insurgency/Anti-Militancy/Anti-Naxal
Operations, Election Duties, Law & Order Duties, UN Peace Keeping Missions,
Disaster Management and National/ International level functions and any other
tasks assigned by the Government of India.

10. Central Industrial security force:
CISF came into existence in the year 1969 and is today perhaps
the largest Industrial Security Force in the world with a sanctioned
strength of more than 1.30 lakhs.
OBJECTIVE/PURPOSE:
To provide security and consultancy to the Public Sector and
Private Sector under takings and also to provide security to the
VIPs.
ROLE & TASK
CISF provides physical security to critical infrastructure units of the
country. Its main tasks include crime prevention & control,
protection of employees and provision of security to the buildings.
It also provides fire protection to industrial under takings.
CAPABILITY:-
CISF is a premier multi-skilled security agency of the country,
mandated to provide security to all public sector undertakings &
private sector undertakings. CISF is currently providing security
cover to 307 units. The services provided by CISF include:
I. Fire Protection services
II. Consultancy

11. Central reserved police force:
CRPF came into existence as the Crown Representative’s
Police on July 27, 1939 at Neemuch (MP) to assist the
princely States in maintenance of law & order. The Force
was re-named as Central Reserve Police Force by an Act
of parliament on December 28, 1949, which was made
applicable retrospectively w.e.f. August 15, 1947. Over 3
lac personnel are there.
ROLE & TASK
The mission of the CRPF is to enable the government to maintain rule of
law, public order and internal security effectively and efficiently to
preserve national integrity and promote social harmony and development
by upholding supremacy of the constitution of country. In performing
these tasks with utmost regard for human dignity and freedom of
citizens of India, the force endeavours to achieve excellence in
management of internal security and national calamities by placing
service and loyalty above self.

12. Indo-Tibetian border police:
 ITBP is multidimensional force.
  ITBP battalions are also
deployed on anti-terrorism duties
and VIP security duties in strategic
locations.
 ITBP conducts long range and
short range patrols to keep an
effective vigil on inaccessible and
unmanned areas on border.
It is deployed for guarding
duties on the Indo-China
border from Karakoram
Pass in Ladakh to Diphu
Pass in Arunachal
Pradesh covering a total
distance of 3,488 km.

13. National security guards:
 Important role of NSG is to fight terrorism in whatever form it
may assume in areas where activity of terrorists assumes
serious proportions and state police can not cope up with the
situations.
 NSG was conceptualized and created after studying and
analyzing Special Force like SAS in the United Kingdom,
GIGN in France, GSG-9 in Germany, Shar-et-matkal in Israel
and DELTA in the USA. Accordingly, NSG was raised on
16th Oct, 1985 as a Federal Contingency Force under the
MHA. It consists of selected and highly motivated personnel
from the Army as well as the Para Military Force. 53% of the
personnel are drawn from the Army while the Para Military
Forces like BSF, CRPF and ITBP contribute 47%.
 NSG is a task oriented Force and has two complementary
elements in the form of the Special Action Group (SAG)
comprising Army personnel and the Special Ranger Group
(SRG) comprising personnel drawn from the Central Armed
Police Forces (CAPFs)/State Police Organizations.

14. SASHASTRA SEEMA BAL
 SSB came into existence under the name
“Special Service Bureau” under MEA in
early 1963 in the wake of Indo-China
conflict and later placed under Prime
Minister Secretariat. SSB came under
Cabinet Secretariat on 01.09.1965.
 SSB is the newest Border Guarding Force
of Union of India entrusted with the
guarding of Indo-Nepal and Indo-Bhutan
Borders. It is guarding Indo-Nepal since
2001 and Indo-Bhutan Border since 2004.

15. Central Police Organization
•Civil Defence, Fire Services & Home Guards
•Intelligence Bureau
•Central Bureau of Investigation
•Bureau of Police Research & Development. (BPRD)
•National Crime Records Bureau
•National Investigation Agency
•Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy,
Hyderabad.
•North Eastern Police Academy, Shillong.
•National Institute of Criminology & Forensic Science.
(NICFS)
•National Disaster Response Force. (NDRF)
https://www.mha.gov.in/en/about-us/central-police-
organization

16.  The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) is a governmental
agency belonging to Government of India that serves as a criminal
investigation body.
 The CBI is a premier investigating police agency in India like FBI in
USA. It is an elite force which plays a major role in preservation of
values in public life and in ensuring the health of the national
economy. It is also the nodal police agency in India which
coordinates investigation on behalf of Interpol Member
countries. It operates under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of
Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions but was initially
established by MHA resolution.
MISSION
To uphold the Constitution of India and law of the land through in-
depth investigation and successful prosecution of offences; to provide
leadership and direction to Police Forces and to act as the Nodal
Agency for enhancing interstate and international cooperation in law
enforcement.

17. HISTORY
 The agency was established in 1941 as the
Special Police Establishment. The Central
Bureau of Investigation was later established
on 1 April 1963. Its motto is “Industry,
Impartiality, Integrity” on the recommendation of
Santhanam Committee.
 As the CBI, over the years, established a
reputation of being India’s premier investigative
agency with adequate resources to deal with
complicated cases, demands were made on it
to take up investigation of more cases of
conventional crime such as murder,
kidnapping, terrorism, etc.

18. •It was therefore decided in 1987 to constitute two
investigation divisions in the CBI, namely, Anti-
Corruption Division and Special Crimes Division,
the latter dealing with cases of conventional crime,
besides economic offences.
•The CBI reports to the Indian Government and not to
the individual states.
•The CBI is headed by a Director, an IPS of the rank of
Director General of Police or Commissioner of Police
(State). He is selected based on the procedure laid
down by CVC Act 2003 and has a tenure of
minimum of 2 years.

19. Central Bureau of Investigation

20. JURISDICTION POWERS, PRIVILEGES AND
LIABILITIES
The legal powers of investigation of CBI are derived
from the DSPE Act 1946. This Act confers concurrent
and coextensive powers, duties, privileges and
liabilities on the members of Delhi Special Police
Establishment (CBI) with Police Officers of the Union
Territories. The Central Government may extend to
any area, besides Union Territories, the powers and
jurisdiction of members of the CBI for investigation
subject to the consent of the Government of the
concerned State. The CBI can investigate only such of
the offences as are notified by the Central
Government under the DSPE Act.

21. NATIONAL
INVESTIGATION
AGENCY
(NIA)

22. • The NIA is the central counter-terrorism law enforcement agency in the
country. It was created in 2008 after the Mumbai terror attack the same year.
• The NIA can investigate terror cases across the country without having to get
permission from the states.
• The agency investigates terror offences, waging war against the country,
offences on nuclear facilities, etc.
• It came in to force after the Parliament passed the National Investigation
Agency Act 2008
• The agency’s aim is to become a professional investigating agency matching
global standards.
• It also aims at being a deterrent for existing and potential terrorist, apart
from being a storehouse of information on terrorism
• The NIA functions under the Home Affairs Ministry.
• The agency is headquartered in New Delhi and has 8 regional offices across
India.
• It is headed by Director-General (an IPS Officer).
• The NIA maintains the ‘NIA Most Wanted List’.

23. NATIONAL INVESTIGATION AGENCY –
REGIONAL OFFICES
i. NIA Headquarters, New Delhi
ii. NIA Branch Office, Hyderabad, Telegana
iii. NIA Branch Office, Guwahati, Assam
iv. NIA Branch Office, Kochi, Kerala
v. NIA Branch Office, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
vi. NIA Branch Office, Mumbai, Maharashtra
vii. NIA Branch Office, Kolkata, West Bengal
viii. NIA Branch Office, Raipur
ix. NIA Branch Office, Jammu
x. NIA Branch Office, Chandigarh
xi. NIA Branch Office, Ranchi
xii. NIA Branch Office, Chennai
xiii. NIA Branch Office, Imphal
xiv. NIA Branch Office, Bengaluru
xv. NIA Branch Office, Patna
xvi. NIA Branch Office, Bhubaneshwar
xvii. NIA Branch Office, Jaipur
xviii.NIA Branch Office, Bhopal
xix. NIA Branch Office, Ahmedabad
https://www.nia.gov.in/contactus.htm

24. VISION OF THE NIA
1. The NIA aims to be a thoroughly professional investigative
agency matching the best international standards.
2. The NIA aims to set the standards of excellence in counter
terrorism and other national security related investigation at the
national level by developing in to a highly traied, partnership
oriented workforce.
3. The NIA aims to creating Deterrence for existing and potential
terrorist groups/individuals.
4. The NIA aims to develop as a storehouse of all terrorist related
information.

25. NIA MISSION
• The stated missions of the NIA are as follows:
• Investigate professionally the scheduled offences utilizing the latest scientific methods.
• Facilitating a speedy and effective trial.
• Becoming a result-oriented and professional organization, that upholds the Indian
constitution and the
law of the land, and that gives utmost importance to human rights and dignity.
• Creating a professional workforce through the means of regular training and best practice
exposure.
• Showing scientific temper and aspirit of progress while discharging their duties.
• Ushering in the latest technology and modern methods in the activities of the NIA.
• Having cordial relations with the central and state governments, and other law
enforcement agencies of
the country.
• Helping the states and other agencies with the investigation of terror-related cases.
• Create and share with states and other agencies with the investigation of terror-related
cases.
• Create and share with states and other agencies a database of all information to terrorists.
• Analysing terrorism-related laws in India and periodically reviewing them and suggesting
any required
changes.
• Win the citizens’ confidence by means of fearless and selfless efforts.

26. NIA - JURISDICTION
• The agency has been empowered with all the powers and privileges
to conduct investigations under the various acts specified in the
schedule of NIA act.
• State government authorities can request an investigation by
NIA upon approval of central government within the limits of law
specified under the NIA Act.
• The central government can handover cases for investigation to
NIA anywhere in India and the officials involved in the handling of
these cases are from the IPS and IRS cadre.

27. NIA (AMENDMENT) ACT 2019
• The NIA (Amendment) Act 2019 was passed by
the Parliament and received the presidential
assent in July 2019. This Act has made a few
major changes to the original NIA Act 2008. The
changes are discussed below:
1. Human trafficking
2. Counterfeit currency or bank notes related
offences
3. Sale or manufacture of prohibited arms
4. Offences under the Explosive Substance
Act, 1908
5. Cyberterrorism

28. INDIAN INTELLIGENCE BUREAU
(Internal intelligence agency)
FRAMEWORK OF INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM OF INDIA:

29. OVERVIEW of IB:
The Intelligence Bureau (IB), ( Devanagari: खुफिया फिभाग, khūphiyā vibhāga) :
 It is India’s Internal Intelligence Agency, which is reputed to be the oldest intelligence
agency in the world.
 An autonomous body created through executive order of the government in the year 1947.
 The IB is officially under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), but in practice the Director
IB (DIB) is a member of the Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC) and Steering Committee
and has the authority to brief the Prime Minister should the need arise, but intelligence inputs
(at least in theory) go through the regular channels in the MHA to the JIC.
 Earlier it was not an investigative agency but was primarily concerned with specialized
analysis of the information.
 The secretive information obtained by the agency helps the government to formulate foreign
policies with other countries. It shares information with other agencies and work with close
coordination.
THE MAKING:
Originally, the IB was created on 23 December 1887, by the British Secretary of State as a sub-
sect of the Central Special Branch but there is no act of the Indian parliament nor executive
order relating to the functioning of the IB.
It was recast as Central Intelligence Bureau in 1947 under the Ministry of Home Affairs.

30. In 2012, a PIL was filed challenging the legality of IB.
BACKGROUND: 1923–68
Prior to the inception of the Research and Analysis Wing, overseas intelligence collection
was primarily the responsibility of the Intelligence Bureau (IB), which was created by the
British.
In 1933, sensing the political turmoil in the world which eventually led to the Second World
War, the Intelligence Bureau's responsibilities were increased to include the collection
of intelligence along India's borders.
In 1947, after independence, Sanjeevi Pillai took over as the first Indian Director of the IB.
Having been depleted of trained manpower by the exit of the British, Pillai tried to run the
bureau on MI5 lines.
In 1949, Pillai organized a small foreign intelligence operation, but the Indian debacle in
the Sino-Indian war of 1962 showed it to be ineffective.
Foreign intelligence failure during the 1962 Sino-Indian War led then Prime Minister Jawaharlal
Nehru to order a dedicated foreign intelligence agency to be established.
Around the end of 1966 the concept of a separate foreign intelligence agency began to take
concrete shape.

31. The main contentions were:
 IB exists in a constitutional vacuum—that it hasn’t been set up under an Act of Parliament,
has no charter of duties, no framework of policies, no rules and regulations relating to
personnel, recruitment, training, promotion and transfers.
 Under the Government of India Act, 1935, the IB was not recognised as an intelligence
agency in the Federal List
 even upon commencement of the Constitution of India on October 26, 1950, the IB continued
to be sui generis and sans any constitutional or statutory identity.”
 In 1980, an affidavit from the Union home ministry to the Supreme Court said that IB staffers
were civilians.
 But the Fifth Pay Commission equated the IB with the CBI and other central police
organisations.
 IB enjoys sweeping powers without accountability and transparency.
 the IB is entitled to operational secrecy, but it should have a charter. Some of the world’s
finest intelligence agencies that operate in democratic countries have stringent frameworks,
so why shouldn’t the IB have one
The Karnataka High Court has admitted the petition and served notice on the Union home
ministry and the IB, which was later directed to Supreme Court.

32. In 2016 SUPREME COURT REJECTED
THE PIL SAYING:
Putting intelligence agencies IB, RAW and
NTRO under judicial scanner may "dent"
national security, “What they do in the United
Kingdom, we cannot practice in India,” “They
(Centre and Parliament) must be having some
measures. It cannot be said that they do not have
any mechanism. You need not legislate on all
issues. You need to have some kind of caution
also, otherwise, the very purpose will be lost.”

33. Director Intelligence Bureau
(Four Star Ranking Officer)
Special Director (Equivalent to Director General of Police)
Additional Director (Equivalent to Additional Director General of Police)
Joint Director (Equivalent to Inspector General of Police)
Deputy Director (Equivalent to Deputy Inspector General of Police)
Joint Deputy Director (Equivalent to Senior Superintendent of Police)
Assistant Director (Equivalent to Superintendent of Police)
Deputy Central Intelligence Officer (Equivalent to Additional Superintendent of Police)
Assistant Central Intelligence Officer I (Equivalent to Deputy Superintendent of Police),
DANIPS Officers
Assistant Central Intelligence Officer II (Equivalent to Inspector of Police)
Junior Intelligence Officer (Equivalent to Sub-Inspector)
Besides the above executive posts, there are various other supporting posts in the Bureau
as well

34. An intelligence agency works on the twin premise of “need to
know” and “deniability”. This means that only those who need to
know should be privy to information and at all times intelligence
operatives and agencies should be in a position to credibly deny any
statement attributed to them. Under no circumstance should an
intelligence agency or an individual officer reveal sources because a
compromised source in the world of intelligence is as good as a
dead source. That is why no intelligence agency ever
acknowledges as its own any of its agents who have been caught
and charged with espionage. This is a part of the doctrine of
deniability and it must be respected.
Principles of “need to know” and “deniability”.

36. RAISING OF NDRF
NDRF comprises of 16 Bns, each consisting of 1149 personnel as
NDRF Bns.
2006 : NDRF constituted under Sec-44(1), 45 of DM Act for specialist
response to threatening situations or disasters
2005 : National Disaster Management Authority constituted to
prepare policies & guidelines and to supervise the National Disaster
Management Plan
December 2005 : Disaster Management Act passed by Parliament
https://ndmindia.mha.gov.in/state-response-
force#:~:text=At%20present%2C%20NDRF%20comprise%20of,Himachal%20
Pradesh%20and%20Delhi%20NCR.

37.  NATURAL
• Flood
• Earthquake
• Land slides
• Cyclone
• Tsunami
• Cloud Burst
 MAN-MADE
• Chemical Disaster
• Biological Disaster
• Radiological
Disaster
• Nuclear Disaster
NDRF RESPONSE : TYPES OF DISASTER

38. WHAT IS NDRF?
 The National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) is an
Indian Special Forces formed under the Disaster
Management Act 2005 to respond to a catastrophic
situation or disaster.
 The “Apex Body for Disaster Management” in India is
the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA).
 The Prime Minister is the Chairman of the NDMA.

39.  For Disaster Management The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) is the ‘Nodal
Ministry’ of the Central Government.
 In the event of a ‘serious natural disaster’, the Central Government shall
provide assistance of the Armed Forces, the Central Paramilitary Forces, the
National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) and required communications
through air and other assets to the affected State.
 The National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) is under the NDMA.
 The Director Generals of the NDRF are IPS officers on deputation from Indian
police organizations.
 NDRF was raised on 19 Jan 2006 as a rescue response force of the country.

42. STATE DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY
 All State Governments are mandated under Section 14 of the act to
establish a SDMA.
 The SDMA consists of the Chief Minister of the State, who is the
Chairperson, and no more than eight members appointed by the Chief
Minister.
 State Executive Committee is responsible (Section 22) for drawing up the
state disaster management plan, and implementing the National Plan.
 The SDMA is mandated under section 28 to ensure that all the
departments of the State prepare disaster management plans as prescribed
by the National and State Authorities.

43. DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT
AUTHORITY
 The Chairperson of DDMA can be the Collector or
District Magistrate or Deputy Commissioner of the
district.
 The elected representative of the area member of the
DDMA as an ex officio; co-Chairperson, (Section 25).
 This department in Rajasthan is known as Disaster
Management, Relief & Civil Defence Department
 Funds are allocated to DMRD according to different
calamities like in floods 75 % is provided by central govt.
and remaining is contributed by state govt.
 First respondent during any calamities is civil defence(in
which few civilians are trained by NDRF in programmes
like “AAPDA MITRA”).

44. ACHIEVEMENTS OF NDRF
 Since it’s inception in 2006, NDRF has proved itself as an efficient
force of the country by providing prompt response and assistance in
any disaster.
 The first major test of disaster for NDRF was Kosi Floods in 2008.
 NDRF resources were moved to Bihar immediately after the breach
in Kosi barrage on 19th August 2008.
 The situation was handled by the NDRF on a war footing, by
airlifting 153 high speed motorized boats with 780 flood rescue
trained personnel drawn from three different Battalions and sent to
the five flood affected districts with utmost promptitude. As a result,
over 1,00,000 affected people were rescued during the initial stage
itself.