CEMENT CONCRETE.pdf
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Concrete is a mixture of cement, fine and coarse aggregates, and water that hardens when cured. It is proportioned to obtain a desired quality, with nominal or design mixes. Grades of concrete like M15 or M20 refer to expected compressive strengths of 15 or 20 N/mm^2 at 28 days. Higher grades like M30 or above require design mixes and are used for heavily loaded or pre-stressed concrete structures.
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Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine Learning
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
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- 2. Mixture of cement, aggregates and water which when placed in a skeleton of forms and allowed to cure, hardens like stone.
- 3. INGREDIENTS • Cement • Fine Aggregates • Coarse Aggregates • Water
- 5. PROPORTIONING OF CONCRETE The process of selection of relative proportions of cement, sand, coarse aggregates and water so as to obtain concrete of desired quality. • Nominal Mix It is used for relatively unimportant and simpler concrete works. In this type of mix, all the ingredients are prescribed and their proportions are specified. Therefore there is no scope for any deviation by the designer. Nominal mix concrete maybe used for concrete of M-20 or lower. • Design Mix It is a performance based mix where choice of ingredients and proportioning are left to the designer to be decided. The user has to specify only the requirements of concrete in fresh as well as hardened state.
- 6. Grades of Concrete • IS 456-2000 • Specified as M15, M20, M25 etc. • M – mix & number-compressive strength • Compressive strength of 15cm cube at 28 days.
- 7. Group Grade Compressive strength at 28 days(N/mm2) Ordinary Concrete M10 10 M15 15 M20 20 StandardConcrete M25 25 M30 30 M35 35 M40 40 M45 45 M50 50 M55 55 High Strength Concrete M60 60 M65 65 M70 70 M75 75 M80 80
- 8. Grades of concrete and their uses Grade of concrete Proportion of concrete Uses M5 1 : 5 : 10 Mass concreteworks for strong walls and foundations M7.5 1 : 4 : 8 Mass concreteworks for strong walls and foundations M10 1 : 3: 6 Mass concreteworks like culverts & retaining walls, flooring M15 1 : 2 : 4 Plain cement concreteworks M20 1 :1.5 : 3 For general RCC works in buildings such as stairs, beams, columns, machine foundations, piles etc.
- 9. Grade of concrete Proportion of concrete Uses M25 1 : 1 : 2 Water retaining structures, piles, precast products etc. M30 Design Mixes Heavily loaded RC columns and RCC arches of long span M35 onwards Design Mixes For pre-stressed concrete works