Cells
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This document provides an introduction to cell basics and cell parts, including the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, and mitochondrion. It asks the reader to match each organelle with its function, such as the nucleus controlling inheritance, ribosomes storing proteins, and the mitochondrion being the site of respiration. Additional online resources are provided for pictures of cells and more information about cells.
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This document provides an overview of the main parts of animal and plant cells, including the cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, ribosomes, Golgi bodies, mitochondria, lysosomes, nuclear membrane, vacuole, chloroplasts, and cell wall. It notes that plant cells contain chloroplasts and a cell wall that animal cells do not, and that chloroplasts perform photosynthesis, making the plant green.
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3) How ATP is synthesized through oxidative phosphorylation using the proton gradient generated by electron transport across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Lecture31metabolism not required
This lecture discusses metabolism and breathing. It addresses the relationship between oxygen uptake, energy from food, and blood flow. The lecture introduces metabolism and the respiratory, circulatory, nervous systems. It covers factors that affect energy balance and expenditure like rate of work, posture, and method of work. Measurement of oxygen usage, heart rate and applications to work physiology are also summarized.
Presentation on lipids in nutrition can be reffered
This document discusses different types of dietary fats and their sources. It covers saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fats. Key types of polyunsaturated fats are omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. The document also discusses how exercise intensity, duration, diet, and training history can influence the degree to which lipids are used as a fuel during exercise. Preparation methods like frying can significantly increase the fat content of foods compared to baking or boiling.
Nutritional biochemistry lecture 5 lipids cna be taught go~1
This document discusses the fundamentals of lipids in biochemistry. It describes the main types of lipids, including triglycerides which are composed of glycerol and fatty acids and can be fats or oils depending on saturation, as well as waxes which are used for protection. It also outlines the differences between storage lipids like triglycerides that are used to store energy, and structural lipids like phospholipids and glycolipids that provide structure to cell membranes. Phospholipids contain a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails, and can form organized structures like micelles and bilayers that comprise cell membranes.
Lipids can be taught
This document discusses lipids such as fatty acids, fats, and oils. It describes the different types of lipids including those with and without fatty acids. Fatty acids are long-chain carboxylic acids that can be saturated or unsaturated. Fats and oils are formed from glycerol and fatty acids and are known as triglycerides. Triglycerides can undergo hydrogenation to convert double bonds to single bonds or hydrolysis to split into glycerol and fatty acids. Saponification uses a strong base to split triglycerides into glycerol and soap.
Lipid more than sufficient
This document summarizes the key characteristics and types of lipids. Lipids are insoluble in water but soluble in non-polar solvents. The main types of lipids discussed include fatty acids, neutral fats and oils, waxes, phospholipids, sterols, and fat-soluble vitamins. Specific lipids like cholesterol are also examined. Analytical methods to study the properties of lipids such as acid value, saponification value, and iodine value are outlined.
Lecture 15 lipids can be taught
The document summarizes key aspects of lipids. It describes the main classes of lipids, including fatty acids, triacylglycerols, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, steroids, and eicosanoids. It also discusses the main biological functions of lipids as essential components of biological membranes, as energy stores, and in cell signaling. Key lipid structures are presented, along with enzymatic pathways involved in lipid biosynthesis and metabolism.
Lecture 13 fat for nutrition class
The document defines various types of lipids including triglycerides, saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. It discusses the physical states of lipids and characteristics of fatty acids such as chain length and saturation. Sources of different types of fats in foods are provided. Recommendations from the American Heart Association on fat and cholesterol intake are summarized. Methods for reducing fat in the diet through food preparation techniques and reading nutrition labels are outlined.
Ch. 5 fat types functions to be taught
This document summarizes lipids and fatty acids. It discusses the structure of saturated versus unsaturated fatty acids and classifies lipids into triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols. Key functions of lipids include energy storage, transport of fat-soluble vitamins, insulation, and as structural components of cell membranes. Essential fatty acids, omega-3 and omega-6, cannot be produced by the body and are important for various functions. Triglycerides are the main form of lipids found in food and stored in the body, consisting of a glycerol backbone with three fatty acids attached. Cholesterol is an important sterol that aids membrane structure and is a precursor for vitamin D and hormones, though only found in
Sukalski lipids11complete with metabolism much detail
This document outlines the key objectives and content to be covered in a lecture on lipids. It will discuss the structures of common fatty acids, how fatty acid chain length and saturation affect melting point. It will also define triglycerides, phospholipids, and the sites of action and products of phospholipases. The roles of pancreatic lipase, phospholipases, and bile acids in digesting and absorbing lipids will be explained. Finally, it will discuss why specialized lipoprotein particles are necessary to transport triglycerides and cholesterol in the bloodstream.
Biomolecules including structured notes to be taught earlier
The four major groups of organic molecules found in living things are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. These molecules are important for energy storage, forming cell structures, providing support, and controlling chemical reactions. They also store hereditary information. All organic molecules contain carbon and may also contain hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus. These atoms are bonded together by covalent bonds.
Introduction to biology to be taught earlier
This document provides an overview of biology and the scientific method. It discusses that biology is the study of life and its key characteristics, including being made up of cells and organic molecules like DNA and proteins. It also outlines the hierarchical organization of life from subatomic particles to ecosystems. Additionally, it describes the scientific method as a process of making observations, developing hypotheses, conducting experiments to test predictions, analyzing data, and re-evaluating hypotheses based on experimental evidence.
Enzymes in detail can be taught a part of it
Enzymes are protein catalysts that greatly increase the rate of biochemical reactions by lowering activation energy. They achieve specificity through lock-and-key or induced-fit binding of substrates. There are six classes of enzymes. Many require coenzymes like NAD+/NADH or FAD/FADH2 that are vitamin derivatives. Michaelis-Menten kinetics describe how reaction rate depends on substrate concentration and can be altered by factors like pH, temperature, and inhibitors. Enzymes are regulated by mechanisms including isozymes, covalent modification, allosteric regulation, repression, and activation of proenzymes.
Ch12 enzymes can be taught
This document provides an introduction to enzymes, including how they catalyze biological reactions with high rates, specificity, and capacity for regulation. It discusses how enzyme-substrate interactions are required for catalysis, and models like lock-and-key and induced fit describe these interactions. Enzymes may require cofactors like ATP and NADH. They are classified based on the type of reaction catalyzed, such as hydrolases and oxidoreductases. Enzymes can catalyze reactions with both low and high structural specificity, as well as stereochemical specificity in some cases. Their catalytic activity depends on recognizing transition states better than substrates.
Lecture6 enzymes in much detail
- Enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions and lower their activation energy. They do this by binding substrates and stabilizing transition states.
- The Michaelis-Menten model describes enzyme kinetics, defining terms like KM (Michaelis constant) and Vmax (maximum reaction rate). KM indicates substrate affinity and Vmax indicates the enzyme's catalytic capacity.
- Enzyme activity can be analyzed using Lineweaver-Burk plots, which allow calculation of KM and Vmax from the plot's slope and intercepts. Enzyme inhibition changes these plots in characteristic ways for competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors.
N323 nutriendeficiences
This document provides information on various vitamin and nutrient deficiencies. It discusses both water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins, listing sources of each and risks for deficiencies. Specific deficiencies like scurvy, beriberi, and rickets are explained. Protein deficiencies like kwashiorkor and marasmus are also summarized. Inherited disorders of amino acid metabolism like phenylketonuria and maple syrup urine disease are described.
Minerals1 complete to be taught
This document discusses minerals that are essential for human nutrition. It begins by stating that minerals are elements rather than organic compounds like vitamins. The document then discusses characteristics of minerals like their vital functions in the body, deficiency symptoms when not consumed enough, and classification as macro or trace minerals based on daily requirements. The rest of the document provides details on individual minerals, their functions, sources, and requirements or toxicity levels. It discusses calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur, chloride, sodium, potassium, iron, iodine, zinc, copper, selenium, fluoride, chromium, molybdenum, and cobalt. Charts are included to show quantities of minerals in the human body and percent of body weight for some minerals.
Lecture61 fat solublle vitamins can be taught
This document discusses vitamins, their sources and supplementation. Vitamins are organic compounds required in trace amounts for normal growth and function as coenzymes in metabolic processes. Vitamin levels vary in sources and they are generally destroyed by heat, light, oxidation and mold growth. Vitamins are classified as either water-soluble like B vitamins and vitamin C which are not stored in the body, or fat-soluble like vitamins A, D, E and K which may be stored. The sources and stability of different vitamins like A, D, E and K are described. General rules of vitamin supplementation are that they are usually limiting in natural diets and supplementation is inexpensive, especially for animals under stress.
More from Vedpal Yadav (20)
Presentation on lipids in nutrition can be reffered
Presentation on lipids in nutrition can be reffered
Nutritional biochemistry lecture 5 lipids cna be taught go~1
Nutritional biochemistry lecture 5 lipids cna be taught go~1
Sukalski lipids11complete with metabolism much detail
Sukalski lipids11complete with metabolism much detail
Biomolecules including structured notes to be taught earlier
Biomolecules including structured notes to be taught earlier
Cells
- 1. Cell Basics An Introduction (A Review) Prepared by Mrs. Womack Lynchburg, Virginia
- 2. Cell Parts Find Each Part on The Cell Drawing Cell membrane nucleus cytoplasm endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus ribosomes mitochondrion
- 3. Match the organelle and function Stores proteins Proteins are assembled Controls inheritance Transports materials Holds organelles Allows materials in and out Site of respiration Nucleus Mitochondrion Golgi apparatus Cell membrane ER Cytoplasm Ribosomes
- 4. Answers: Stores protein proteins are assembled controls inheritance transports materials holds organelles allows materials in and out site of respiration Golgi apparatus ribosomes Nucleus ER cytoplasm cell membrane mitochondrion
- 5. Extensions Link to these web sites for additional information A site with pictures of various cells A site with basic information about cells