This document describes several types of cells in the human body. It discusses animal cells and plant cells at a high level. It then provides more detail on specific cell types, including connective tissue cells, muscle cells, cartilage cells, bone cells, red blood cells, nerve cells, and stem cells. For each cell type, it outlines their basic function and characteristics. The overall document serves to introduce and compare different cell types found in human and animal tissue.

1. TYPES OF CELLS
Animal Cell
Plant Cell

2. CELL
A cell is the smallest independently
functioning unit in the structure of an
organism, usually consisting of one or
more nuclei surrounded by cytoplasm and
enclosed by a membrane. Cells also
contain organelles such as mitochondria,
lysosomes, and ribosomes.

3. Atom
Orga
n
Organ
System
Molecule
Tissue
Organism
Organelle
Cell

4. CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELL
•Connective tissue is a
form of fibrous tissue.
•It is one of the four
types of tissue in
traditional classifications
(the others being
epithelial, muscle, and
nervous tissue).

6. MUSCLE CELL
•Body tissue producing
movement
•Can undergo repeated
contraction and relaxation, so
that it is able to produce
movement of body parts,
maintain tension, or pump fluids
within the body.
•There are three types: voluntary
striped muscle, involuntary
smooth muscle, and branched
or heart muscle.

7. Muscle Cells

8. CARTILAGE CELLS
• Strong elastic tissue
in the body
• found in the nose,
throat, and ear and
in other parts of the
body
• forms most of the
skeleton in infancy,
changing to bone
during growth

9. Cartilage
Cells

10. BONE CELL
• Types of bone cells:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Osteoblasts - These are commonly called
bone-forming cells. They secrete osteoid,
which forms the bone matrix. They also
begin mineralization, and are unable to
divide.
Osteocytes - A mature osteoblast which
no longer secretes matrix, yet is
surrounded by it. Maintains metabolism,
and participates in nutrient/waste
exchange via blood. Unable to divide.
Osteoclasts - These function in resorption
and degradation of existing bone, the
opposite of osteoblasts! Monocytes
(White blood cells) fuse together to
create these huge cells, which are
concentrated in the endosteum.
Osteoprogenitors - Immature cells which
differentiate to make osteoblasts. May
divide.
• The main functions are bone formation,
repair and development.

11. Bone Cells

12. RED BLOOD CELL
• Any of the hemoglobincontaining cells that
carry oxygen to the
tissues and are
responsible for the red
color of vertebrate
blood
• Called also erythrocyte,
red blood corpuscle, red
cell, red corpuscle.

13. Red Blood
Cells

14. NERVE CELL
• A cell, usually consisting
of a cell body, axon,
and dendrites, that
transmits nerve
impulses.
• Is the basic functional
unit of the nervous
system

16. STEM CELLS
• An unspecialized cell
that gives rise to
differentiated cells.
• an undifferentiated cell
that can give rise to
other cells of the same
type indefinitely or from
which specialized cells
such as blood cells
develop

17. Stem
Cells