2. Cell division – Mitosis and Meiosis
• Mitosis is a nuclear division giving rise to genetically identical cells in
which the chromosome number is maintained by the exact
duplication of chromosome.
Meiosis is a reduction division in which the chromosome number
is halved from diploid to haploid.
3. • Mitosis is the way in which any
cell (plant or animal) divides
when an organism is:
growing
• repairing a damaged part of its
body
• replacing worn out cells
4. Process of mitosis
• During the process, all
the chromosomes in the parent cell
are copied.
• Each copy remains attached to the
original one --> each chromosome is
made up of 2 identical threads joined
together.
• The parent cell (with
4 chromosomes) split to form 2 nuclei
each with 2 chromosomes as the parent
nucleus cell.
• At the end of a mitotic cell division, the
number of cells is doubled and
the daughter cells produced are
genetically identical to the parent.
5. Mitosis
• Mitosis is defined as nuclear division giving rise to genetically identical
cells
• This type of cell division is used for growth, repair of damaged tissues,
replacement of cells and asexual reproduction and is known as mitosis
• Most body cells have two copies of each chromosome
• We describe these cells as diploid
• When cells divide their chromosomes double beforehand (also known as
duplication)
• This ensures that when the cell splits in two, each new cell still has two
copies of each chromosome (is still diploid)
