Cell was first discovered in 1665 by Robert Hooke, who observed cork slices under his microscope and saw they resembled a honeycomb structure. There are two main types of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells are smaller and lack organelles, while eukaryotic cells are larger and have organelles like the nucleus. Organisms can also be unicellular, consisting of a single cell, or multicellular, made of many cells. The basic components of cells include the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, and various organelles that carry out specific functions to keep the cell alive.

1. Topic : Cell
Submitted to:
Mr. Ankush sir
Submitted by:
Deepanshu solanki
Class:9th

3. Cell was discovered by Robert hook in
1665 with the help of his self designed
microscope. He examined a slice of cork
and saw that the cork resembled the
structure of a honey comb consist of
many compartments.

4. Types of cell?
Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell
 Small in size (1-10um).
Single chromosome present.
Well developed nucleus
absent.
Membrane bound cell
organelles absent.
Example: bacteria, blue green
algae etc.
Large in size (5-100um).
More than one chromosome
present.
Well developed nucleus,
surrounded by nucleus
membrane.
Membrane bound cell
organelles present.
Example:animals,plants,fungi
etc.

5. Type of organism on the basis of number of cell?
Unicellular:- it is single celled organism all
functions perform by single cell and it life span is
short . Example: ameoba, paramecium, euglena
etc.
Multicellular:-it consist large number of cells,
different cells perform different function and its life
span is long. Example: plants, human being, birds
etc.

6. Cell membrane /plasma membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm

7. Cell membrane/plasma membrane
It is boundary wall of each cell which
separate the cytoplasm from surroundings.
Present in both plant cell and animal cell.
It is made up of protein and lipids.
It allow some minerals in and out of the cell.

8. Moment of substance through plasma membrane
• Diffusion:-It is spontaneous movement of a
substance from higher concentration to lower
concentration region. Oxygen and Carbon
dioxide
can move the cell.
• Osmosis:- The movement of water molecule
through plasma membrane called osmosis.

9. Type of solution on the basis of concentration
 Hypertonic solution:-Concentration of solution
outside the cell is less than inside the cell. Due to
this cell losses water and shrink.
 Hypotonic solution:- Concentration of solution
outside the cell is more than inside the cell, due to
this cell gain water and swell, cell may be brust.
 Isotonic solution:- Equal concentration outside
and inside the cell, due to this cell gain equal
amount of water which is loosed.

10. It is a dark colored, spherical or dot like structure near
the center of the cell. It directs and control the cellular
activities. It has double layered covering nuclear
membrane.
Nuclear membrane has pores which regulates the
movement of material in or out of the nucleus.
In eukaryotic cell have a well defined nucleus while in
prokaryotic cell have ill developed nucleus or absent.
Inside nuclear membrane it contain information for
inheritance of features from parents to next
generation.

11. Cytoplasm:- The liquid part of the cell
which the other organelles float is
called cytoplasm.
Cytosol:- The aqueous component of
cytoplasm is called cytosol.
Note:- The nucleus and cytoplasm is
together called protoplasm. The term
protoplasm coined by purkinje.

12. Cell organelles:- These are internal organs of the cell
responsible for carrying out specific job to keep the cell
alive.
Living part of the cell having definite shape , structure,
function and bounded by plasma membrane.
1. Endoplasmic reticulum
2. Golgi apparatus
3. Lysosomes
4. Mitochondria
5. Plastids
6. vacuoles

13. Type of ER:-two type of ER.
1) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum(SER)
2) Rough endoplasmic reticulum(RER)

14. 2. Rough endoplasmic reticulum(RER):-it
is made up of vesicles, help in
manufacturing of proteins and ribosomes
present on its surface.

15. i. Transport material between cytoplasm and
nucleus.
ii. Provide space for biochemical activities.
iii. Helps in synthesis of fats, steroids and
cholesterol.
iv. Helps in detoxification of poisonous
products.

16. Functions:-
i. Lipids and proteins synthesis in ER are packed at
Golgi complex.
ii. Transport material inside and outside of the cell.
iii. It is also involved in the formation of lysosomes.
iv. It help in formation of middle lemellae.

17. Functions:-
i. The main function is digestion.
ii. They are kind of waste disposal.
iii. Helps in digestion foreign and
membrane.

18. Mitochondria:- “ Power house of cell”.
It is rod shaped structure in cytoplasm.
It is present in eukaryotic cell. It is
double membranous structure where
outer membrane has specific proteins
and inner membrane is folded inside
to form chamber called cristae.
Function :-
i. Its main function to produce and store energy
in the form ATP (Adenosine Tri Phosphate).
ii. It have their own DNA and Ribosome
therefore they can make their own protein.

19. Thank you