The document summarizes key topics from a session on NoSQL data management. It introduced document, key-value, and graph databases. It described MongoDB and Cassandra, explaining their data models. The CAP theorem was defined as stating distributed databases can only prioritize two of consistency, availability, and partition tolerance. Materialized views were defined as pre-computed views that are stored physically. The next session will cover distributed models.

1. CCS334 BIG DATAANALYTICS
(R-21 III (I Sem))
Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science )
Session 2
by
Asst.Prof.M.Gokilavani
NIET
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2. TEXT BOOKS
• Michael Minelli, Michelle Chambers, and AmbigaDhiraj, "Big Data,
Big Analytics: Emerging Business Intelligence and Analytic Trends for
Today's Businesses", Wiley, 2013.
• Eric Sammer, "Hadoop Operations", O'Reilley, 2012.
• Sadalage, Pramod J. “NoSQL distilled”, 2013.
REFERENCES
• E. Capriolo, D. Wampler, and J. Rutherglen, "Programming Hive",
O'Reilley, 2012.
• Lars George, "HBase: The Definitive Guide", O'Reilley, 2011.
• Eben Hewitt, "Cassandra: The Definitive Guide", O'Reilley, 2010.
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3. Topics covered in Unit 2 session
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UNIT II NOSQL DATA MANAGEMENT
Introduction to NoSQL – aggregate data models – key-value and
document data models – relationships – graph databases –
schema less databases – materialized views – distribution models –
master-slave replication – consistency - Cassandra – Cassandra data
model – Cassandra examples – Cassandra clients.

4. Summarization of todays session 1
• Database-Organized collection of data in table format.
• DBMS-Database Management System
• RDBMS Characteristics
• ACID properties
• Abstraction on physical layer
• Standard Query language (SQL)
• NoSQL why, what and when?
• What’s NoSQL?
• Characteristics of NoSQL databases
• Difference between SQL and NoSQL
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5. CAP Theorem
• CAP THEOREM Stands for :
• Consistency
• Availability
• partition tolerance
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Definition: The CAP theorem states
that distributed databases can have at
most two of the three properties:
consistency, availability, and partition
tolerance. As a result, database systems
prioritize only two properties at a time.

6. CAP Theorem related to SQL and NoSQL
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7. NoSQL Database Types
Discussing NoSQL databases is complicated because there are a variety of
types:
•Sorted ordered Column Store
•Optimized for queries over large datasets, and store columns of data together, instead of
rows
•Document databases:
•pair each key with a complex data structure known as a document.
•Key-Value Store :
•Are the simplest NoSQL databases. Every single item in the database is stored as an
attribute name (or 'key'), together with its value.
•Graph Databases :
•are used to store information about networks of data, such as social connections.
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8. 9/19/2023 Department of AI & DS 8

9. Document Databases (Document Store)
• Documents
• Loosely structured sets of key/value pairs in documents, e.g., XML, JSON,
BSON
• Encapsulate and encode data in some standard formats or encodings
• Are addressed in the database via a unique key
• Documents are treated as a whole, avoiding splitting a document into its
constituent name/value pairs
• Allow documents retrieving by keys or contents
• Notable for:
• MongoDB (used in FourSquare, Github, and more)
• CouchDB (used in Apple, BBC, Canonical, Cern, and more)
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11. Document Databases, JSON
{
_id: ObjectId("51156a1e056d6f966f268f81"),
type: "Article",
author: "Derick Rethans",
title: "Introduction to Document Databases with MongoDB",
date: ISODate("2013-04-24T16:26:31.911Z"),
body: "This arti…"
},
{
_id: ObjectId("51156a1e056d6f966f268f82"),
type: "Book",
author: "Derick Rethans",
title: "php|architect's Guide to Date and Time Programming with PHP",
isbn: "978-0-9738621-5-7"
}
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12. Key/Value stores
• Store data in a schema-less way
• Store data as maps
• Hash Maps or associative arrays
• Provide a very efficient average running time algorithm for accessing data
• Notable for:
• Couch base (Zynga, Vimeo, NAVTEQ, ...)
• Redis (Craig list, Instagram, Stack Overfow, flickr, ...)
• Amazon Dynamo (Amazon, Elsevier, IMDb, ...)
• Apache Cassandra (Facebook, Digg, Reddit, Twitter,...)
• Voldemort (LinkedIn, eBay, …)
• Riak (Github, Comcast, Mochi, ...)
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13. Scheme less Database
What are schema-less databases?
• Schema-less databases are a type of NoSQL database that do not
require a predefined schema to store data.
• Instead, they allow data to be stored in flexible and dynamic
formats, such as JSON documents, key-value pairs, graphs, or
columns.
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14. SQL QUERIES
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Scheme Less Database

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16. Materialized View
• A materialized view takes the regular view described above and
materializes it by proactively computing the results and storing them
in a “virtual” table.
• Materialized View definition: A view can be “materialized” by storing
the tuples of the view in the database.
• Index structures can be built on the materialized view.
• Database system uses one of the three ways to keep the materialized
view updated:
• Update the materialized view as soon as the relation on which it is
defined is updated.
• Update the materialized view every time the view is accessed.
• Update the materialized view periodically.
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17. Summarization
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18. Topics to be covered in next session 3
• Distributed models
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Thank you!!!