The document summarizes the topics covered in the first session of the CCS334 BIG DATA ANALYTICS course. It introduces database concepts and characteristics of RDBMS. It then discusses the reasons for NoSQL databases including that RDBMS were not built for distributed applications and are weak in speed, availability, and partition tolerance. The session defined what NoSQL is, the characteristics of NoSQL databases like schema flexibility and ease of changes. It also highlighted the difference between SQL and NoSQL databases. The next session will cover Dynamo, Big Table and types of NoSQL databases.

1. CCS334 BIG DATAANALYTICS
(R-21 III (I Sem))
Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science )
Session 1
by
Asst.Prof.M.Gokilavani
NIET
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2. TEXT BOOKS
• Michael Minelli, Michelle Chambers, and AmbigaDhiraj, "Big Data,
Big Analytics: Emerging Business Intelligence and Analytic Trends for
Today's Businesses", Wiley, 2013.
• Eric Sammer, "Hadoop Operations", O'Reilley, 2012.
• Sadalage, Pramod J. “NoSQL distilled”, 2013.
REFERENCES
• E. Capriolo, D. Wampler, and J. Rutherglen, "Programming Hive",
O'Reilley, 2012.
• Lars George, "HBase: The Definitive Guide", O'Reilley, 2011.
• Eben Hewitt, "Cassandra: The Definitive Guide", O'Reilley, 2010.
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3. Topics covered in Unit 2 session
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UNIT II NOSQL DATA MANAGEMENT
Introduction to NoSQL – aggregate data models – key-value and
document data models – relationships – graph databases – schema
less databases – materialized views – distribution models – master-
slave replication – consistency - Cassandra – Cassandra data model –
Cassandra examples – Cassandra clients.

4. Introduction
• Database-Organized collection of data in table format.
• DBMS-Database Management System: a software package with
computer programs that controls the creation, maintenance and use of
a database.
• Databases are created to operate large quantities of information by
inputting, storing, retrieving, and managing that information.
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5. RDBMS Characteristics
• Data stored in columns and tables
• Relationships represented by data (ACID properties)
• Standard Query language (SQL)
• Data Manipulation Language
• Data Definition Language
• Transactions
• Abstraction from physical layer (API’s) (Strong consistency, concurrency, recovery )
• Applications specify what, not how
• Physical layer can change without modifying applications
• Create indexes to support queries
• In Memory databases
• Mathematical background
• Lots of tools to use with i.e. Reporting services, entity frameworks, ...
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6. ACID Properties
• Atomic – All of the work in a transaction completes (commit) or none
of it completes.
• Consistent – A transaction transforms the database from one
consistent state to another consistent state. Consistency is defined in
terms of constraints.
• Isolated – The results of any changes made during a transaction are
not visible until the transaction has committed.
• Durable – The results of a committed transaction survive failures.
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7. SQL databases
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8. RDBMS
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9. NoSQL why, what and when?
• But...
• Relational databases were not
built for distributed
applications.
• Because...
• Joins are expensive
• Hard to scale horizontally
• Impedance mismatch occurs
• Expensive (product cost,
hardware, Maintenance)
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10. NoSQL why, what and when?
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• But...
• Relational databases were not built
for distributed applications.
• Because...
• Joins are expensive
• Hard to scale horizontally
• Impedance mismatch occurs
• Expensive (product cost, hardware,
Maintenance).
• And.... It’s weak in:
• Speed (performance)
• High availability
• Partition tolerance

11. Why NOSQL now??
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12. What’s NoSQL?
• NoSQL stands for
• No Relational
• No RDBMS
• Not Only SQL
• NoSQL is an umbrella term for all databases and
data stores that don’t follow the RDBMS
principles
• A class of products
• A collection of several (related) concepts about data
storage and manipulation
• Often related to large data sets (like Distributed
and parallel computing).
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13. Characteristics of NoSQL databases
NoSQL avoids
• Overhead of ACID transactions
• Complexity of SQL query
• Burden of up-front schema design
• DBA presence
• Transactions (It should be handled at
application layer)
Provides:
• Easy and frequent changes to DB
• Fast development
• Large data volumes ( eg. Google)
• Schema less
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14. NoSQL why, what and when?
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15. NoSQL is getting more & more popular
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17. Summarization of todays session 1
• Database-Organized collection of data in table format.
• DBMS-Database Management System
• RDBMS Characteristics
• ACID properties
• Abstraction on physical layer
• Standard Query language (SQL)
• NoSQL why, what and when?
• What’s NoSQL?
• Characteristics of NoSQL databases
• Difference between SQL and NoSQL
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18. Topics to be covered in next session 2
• Dynamo and Big Table
• NoSQL Database Types
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Thank you!!!