This document provides an overview of database concepts including different types of databases, data models, and architectures. It discusses relational databases and their ACID properties. It also describes NoSQL databases including document, key-value, tabular, and graph databases. Other topics covered include distributed, cloud, object-oriented, hierarchical, and different kinds of databases for personal, operational, and enterprise use. The document concludes with a short quiz to test understanding.

1. Welcome you all to learn
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Dr.Thenmozhi K

2. PART I -
Introduction
PART II – Data
Models
PART III -
Normalizations
PART IV – DB
Languages
(sql)
PART V –
Transaction
process
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3. DB System
concepts and
Architectures
Introduction
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4. DB & DB
users
Classifica
tion of
DBMS
Characte
ristics Advantag
es
Data
Models
DBMS
architectu
re
DB
languages
&
interfaces
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5. DB
Informatio
n
Data
DB
DW
DATA – Collection of Information
DATABASE – collection of data
DATAWAREHUSE- collection of database
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6. 9/15/2022
Dr.Thenmozhi K

7.  Data - Data is a collection of a distinct small
unit of information - text, numbers, media,
bytes, etc.
 database is an organized collection of data -
accessed and managed
 main purpose of the database is to operate a
large amount of information by storing,
retrieving, and managing data.
 databases available MySQL, Sybase, Oracle, MongoDB,
Informix, PostgreSQL, NoSQL,OODB,
SQL Server, Cloud database,RDBMS
etc.
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8.  databases used for storing different varieties
of data:
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9.  Centralized Database - stores data at a centralized database system. Ex. Central
Library
 Distributed Database-data is distributed among different database systems of an
organization. These database systems are connected via communication links.
 Ex. Dept Lib
 Homogeneous DDB: Those database systems which
execute on the same operating system and use the same
application process and carry the same hardware devices.
 Heterogeneous DDB: Those database systems which execute on different
operating systems under different application procedures, and carries different
hardware devices.
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Dr.Thenmozhi K

10.  Relational Database - stores data in the form of rows(tuple) and
columns(attributes), and together forms a table(relation). A relational database uses
SQL for storing, manipulating, as well as maintaining the data.
 Ex. MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, etc
 ACID properties
 Atomicity - data operation will complete either with success or with failure ( all or
nothing)
 Consistency - any operation over the data, its value before and after the operation
should be preserved (a/c balance before or after transaction)
 Isolation - concurrent users for accessing data at the same time from the database.
(when multiple transactions occur at the same time, one transaction effects should
not be visible to the other transactions in the database.)
 Durability - once it completes the operation and commits the data, data changes
should remain permanent. 9/15/2022
Dr.Thenmozhi K

11.  NoSQL (Non-SQL / Not only SQL) Database - storing a wide range of data sets.
 Types:
it stores every single item as a key (or
attribute name) holding its value, together.
store
data
as
JSON-like
document
-
storing
data
by
using
the
same
document-model
format
as
used
in
the
application
code.
similar to the data represented in
relational databases. Here, data is
stored in large columns together,
instead of storing in rows.
storing
vast
amounts
of
data
in
a
graph-like
structure.
Most
commonly,
social
networking
websites
use
the
graph
database.
MongoDB, CouchDB, Cloudant (Document-based)
Memcached, Redis, Coherence (key-value store)
HBase, Big Table, Accumulo (Tabular)
Graph DB – Graphical representation of data
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Dr.Thenmozhi K

12.  Cloud database
 Object-Oriented Databases
data is stored and access in a virtual environment
and executes over the cloud computing platform.
This data is accessible over the Internet.
• AWS (Amazon Web Services)
• Snowflake Computing
• Oracle Database Cloud Services
• Microsoft Azure / SQL server
• Google cloud spanner /SQL
• PhonixNAP, etc
data is represented and stored as
objects which are similar to the objects
used in the object-oriented
programming language. ( data in the
form of object and class)
Services : SaaS, PaaS,
IaaS, etc
Software as a Service
Platform as a Service
Infrastructure as a Service
Platforms
Properties
• Object
• Class
• Abstraction
• Encapsulation
• Polymorphism
• Inheritance
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Dr.Thenmozhi K

13.  Hierarchical Databases - stores data in the form of parent-
children relationship nodes (organizes data in a tree-like
structure).
Network Database
records that are connected via
links. Each child record in the tree
will contain only one parent. On
the other hand, each parent
record can have multiple child
records.
the representation of data is in the
form of nodes connected via links
between them
it allows each record to have multiple
children and parent nodes to form a
generalized graph structure.
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14.  Personal Database - Collecting and storing data on the user's system defines a
Personal Database. This database is basically designed for a single user.
 Operational Database - creates and updates the database in real-time(executing and
handling the daily data operations in several businesses. )
 Ex. An organization uses operational databases for managing per day transactions.
 Enterprise Database -Large organizations or enterprises use this database for
managing a massive amount of data. It helps organizations to increase and improve
their efficiency. Such a database allows simultaneous access to users.
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15. QUIZ - T/ F
 Database is the collection of data warehouse
 ACID – Atomicity,Consistency,Isolation,Durablity
 In table, column name refers an attribute
 MongoDB is the example of Document based DB
 Heterogeneous type of DB is centralized DB
 IaaS - Interface as a Service
 In hierarchical DB, Each child record in the tree will
contain multiple parent.
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16. THANK YOU..
thenmca@gmail.com
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Dr.Thenmozhi K