CCleaner is a popular tool for cleaning unnecessary files from Windows systems. It removes temporary files, empty folders, unused application files and registry entries to recover disk space and improve system performance. The document discusses CCleaner's features, how to use it to clean a system, and provides several case studies on organizations that use CCleaner and other data recovery and security tools to optimize systems, recover from issues like data theft, and monitor networks for suspicious activity.
1. The Khatra.exe virus infects systems by adding itself to the registry to run on startup, creating processes, and inserting code into virtual memory.
2. It prevents access to the task manager and control panel, creates folders, and copies itself to multiple locations on the system.
3. The HandsFree tool detects the virus by blocking registry changes and alerting the user. It can also prevent and remove the virus files and registry values using intrusion protection and cleanup features.
The document summarizes the Rapid Recovery System, which uses virtualization to isolate a user's activities and protect their computer from malware. It describes how typical user actions like opening an infected attachment, visiting a malicious website, or installing a problematic update could compromise the system without the Rapid Recovery System's protections. With the system, these actions would be contained to a virtual machine while the user's data remains protected by rolling back to the previous known good state.
The document discusses the motivation, goals, background, architecture, evaluation plan, and plan of work for a system called the Rapid Recovery System that aims to provide strong protection of user data and rapid recovery from attacks through the use of virtual machine isolation and rollback capabilities. The system would isolate user data and applications into separate virtual machines with strict access controls to prevent malware from compromising data or taking control of the system, and allow quick restoration to previous known-good states. Evaluation of the system would assess its effectiveness against various attack scenarios, performance overhead, and ability to facilitate forensic analysis after attacks.
The document discusses advanced troubleshooting techniques for various computer components. It describes six steps for advanced troubleshooting of computer components and peripherals: 1) identify the problem, 2) establish a theory of probable cause, 3) test the theory, 4) establish a plan of action, 5) verify functionality, and 6) document findings. Common problems and solutions are provided for operating systems, networks, laptops, printers, and security. Lab exercises are included for hands-on practice of troubleshooting various issues.
This document provides information on various topics related to computer networks and security. It discusses network switches and routers, different types of network cables, examples of networked applications through history, peer-to-peer and cloud computing, transmission speed measurements, the differences between local and wide area networks, common computer troubleshooting steps, and methods for password protecting computers and setting BIOS passwords. The overall focus is on fundamental concepts of computer networks, applications, and basic security practices.
Checking Windows for signs of compromiseCal Bryant
This document provides guidance on investigating compromised Microsoft Windows systems to identify how the system was compromised and what malware or unauthorized programs may be present. It outlines various locations in the file system, registry, services, and network settings where intruders commonly hide malware. Tools recommended for examining the system include using cmd.exe to view file timestamps, searching hidden folders and alternate data streams, and using Google to research any suspicious programs found. The document advises that while antivirus software can detect some threats, a fresh reinstall of the operating system is typically the most reliable way to restore a compromised system.
This document is a guide to set-up Mobile App security testing environment and help performing Static and Dynamic security testing. All the information provided in this document is for educational purpose only. The author is not responsible for any misuse of the information or your bricked devices.
1. The Khatra.exe virus infects systems by adding itself to the registry to run on startup, creating processes, and inserting code into virtual memory.
2. It prevents access to the task manager and control panel, creates folders, and copies itself to multiple locations on the system.
3. The HandsFree tool detects the virus by blocking registry changes and alerting the user. It can also prevent and remove the virus files and registry values using intrusion protection and cleanup features.
The document summarizes the Rapid Recovery System, which uses virtualization to isolate a user's activities and protect their computer from malware. It describes how typical user actions like opening an infected attachment, visiting a malicious website, or installing a problematic update could compromise the system without the Rapid Recovery System's protections. With the system, these actions would be contained to a virtual machine while the user's data remains protected by rolling back to the previous known good state.
The document discusses the motivation, goals, background, architecture, evaluation plan, and plan of work for a system called the Rapid Recovery System that aims to provide strong protection of user data and rapid recovery from attacks through the use of virtual machine isolation and rollback capabilities. The system would isolate user data and applications into separate virtual machines with strict access controls to prevent malware from compromising data or taking control of the system, and allow quick restoration to previous known-good states. Evaluation of the system would assess its effectiveness against various attack scenarios, performance overhead, and ability to facilitate forensic analysis after attacks.
The document discusses advanced troubleshooting techniques for various computer components. It describes six steps for advanced troubleshooting of computer components and peripherals: 1) identify the problem, 2) establish a theory of probable cause, 3) test the theory, 4) establish a plan of action, 5) verify functionality, and 6) document findings. Common problems and solutions are provided for operating systems, networks, laptops, printers, and security. Lab exercises are included for hands-on practice of troubleshooting various issues.
This document provides information on various topics related to computer networks and security. It discusses network switches and routers, different types of network cables, examples of networked applications through history, peer-to-peer and cloud computing, transmission speed measurements, the differences between local and wide area networks, common computer troubleshooting steps, and methods for password protecting computers and setting BIOS passwords. The overall focus is on fundamental concepts of computer networks, applications, and basic security practices.
Checking Windows for signs of compromiseCal Bryant
This document provides guidance on investigating compromised Microsoft Windows systems to identify how the system was compromised and what malware or unauthorized programs may be present. It outlines various locations in the file system, registry, services, and network settings where intruders commonly hide malware. Tools recommended for examining the system include using cmd.exe to view file timestamps, searching hidden folders and alternate data streams, and using Google to research any suspicious programs found. The document advises that while antivirus software can detect some threats, a fresh reinstall of the operating system is typically the most reliable way to restore a compromised system.
This document is a guide to set-up Mobile App security testing environment and help performing Static and Dynamic security testing. All the information provided in this document is for educational purpose only. The author is not responsible for any misuse of the information or your bricked devices.
CCleaner is a utility that cleans temporary files, browser history, and other unnecessary junk from computers to increase privacy, security, speed, and storage space. It can delete cookies and passwords, remove system restore points, and wipe free disk space. While it optimizes performance and frees up disk space, it does not have antivirus or file recovery capabilities.
The document provides information about forensic tools ClamTK antivirus and pdfcrack that are included in the DEFT forensic tools operating system. It includes an introduction, installation instructions for DEFT, information about installing and using ClamTK antivirus to scan for viruses, and details on the pdfcrack tool which can recover passwords and content from password protected PDF files. The document was submitted by Vishnu Pratap Singh to their professor Dr. Rupesh Kumar Dewang as part of a project on forensic tools in the M.Tech Information Security program at Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad.
This document discusses various tools and techniques for performing basic dynamic malware analysis, including sandboxes, Process Monitor, Process Explorer, and Regshot. It explains how sandboxes like GFI Sandbox can provide initial analysis of malware but have limitations. Process Monitor and Process Explorer allow monitoring processes, registry changes, and other activity in real-time. Regshot facilitates comparing registry snapshots before and after malware is run.
Optimize your computer for peak performancepacampbell
This document provides tips to optimize computer performance, including running disk check and disk cleanup weekly to remove errors and temporary files, running disk defragmenter monthly to rearrange fragmented files, reducing the browser history in Internet Explorer, not saving encrypted web pages in Internet Explorer, automating Windows and Microsoft updates, and installing antivirus and antispyware programs. Following these tips can help improve a computer's efficiency and avoid major issues.
Jack Fletcher discusses how computer hardware, software, networking, and society have shaped the modern world and will continue to do so in the future. He describes how early computers like the Colossus were developed during World War II and how hardware has rapidly advanced, with smartphones now having more power than the computers on Apollo rockets. Fletcher also explains how software is built, different types of software, and how networking allows for file sharing, online gaming, and more. Finally, he discusses how these technologies have transformed daily life and will bring developments like 4K displays, 3D printing, and online streaming.
Effective Data Erasure and Anti Forensics Techniquesijtsrd
Deleting sensitive data after usage is just as important as storing of data in a safe location. In the verge of cyber attacks such as data theft happening, it is best to delete or purge or destroy unwanted sensitive data after its use as soon as possible. Data stored offline, for example in hard disks are just as prone to get stolen as the data stored online. For destroying the data to ensure cybercriminals should not get hold of this, techniques such as Data Wiping and Anti Forensics are used. A study is done on how these techniques can be used to the advantage of our system and against the cyber criminals. Anand V | Dr. MN Nachappa "Effective Data Erasure and Anti-Forensics Techniques" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38043.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/38043/effective-data-erasure-and-antiforensics-techniques/anand-v
05 Duplication and Preservation of Digital evidence - NotesKranthi
The document discusses best practices for preserving digital evidence from a crime scene, including:
1) Making bit-stream backups of storage devices before processing to avoid altering the original data.
2) Transporting the computer system securely to a forensics lab for further analysis.
3) Maintaining a detailed evidence notebook and chain of custody to document all evidence handling procedures.
The document provides information about various Windows tools and operating system functions:
- It describes how the Backup and Restore utility, Disk Defragmenter, Files and Settings Transfer Wizard, and Disk Cleanup tools work in Windows to backup files, optimize hard drive performance, transfer files between computers, and free up disk space.
- Components of a computer network like network cards, cables, hubs, routers, and protocols are explained. Steps for configuring network settings like workgroup name and IP address are outlined.
- Common MS-DOS commands like PING and IPCONFIG are demonstrated for testing and viewing network connections.
- Several computer security problems and their causes, prevention, and solutions are analyzed, such
This document summarizes current digital forensic techniques and discusses challenges posed by new technologies. It describes standard techniques like imaging hard drives to gather evidence. Live acquisitions of volatile memory are also discussed. Solid state drives pose difficulties as their controllers can automatically delete data through garbage collection. Private browsers also aim to not store artifacts, complicating investigations. Overall, the document outlines investigative methods and how new technologies increasingly challenge examiners' ability to recover digital evidence.
This document provides a 5-step tutorial for basic computer maintenance and troubleshooting using tools within Windows XP. Step 1 involves diagnosing issues by checking disk integrity and system file integrity. Step 2 looks for hardware problems using system information and device manager. Step 3 frees up computer memory using the system configuration utility. Step 4 cleans the system by using disk cleanup, removing malware, and uninstalling unused programs. Step 5 protects the system by updating, enabling security features, and repairing the firewall. The tutorial aims to help beginner and intermediate users solve common computer problems using built-in Windows tools.
The document discusses 5 materials and technologies that could eliminate digital camera shutter delay:
1) Nanotube and nanowire technologies which could enable clock rates over 500 GHz
2) Computing based on DNA strands for data storage and processing
3) Materials like gallium arsenide, silicon-germanium, and indium-antimonide that are faster than silicon
4) Optical transistors made of chalcogenide glass that don't require photon translation
5) Coated viruses that could enable higher processing speeds at the molecular level through nanotechnology
The real solution lies in developing faster processor materials and software improvements, but these advances remain in research and won't be commercially viable for $10,
This document provides steps to optimize performance on a Windows PC, including fixing disk errors, removing temporary files, defragmenting the hard drive, running Windows updates, and installing antivirus and antispyware software. It recommends using the Disk Check tool in Windows to fix disk errors, using CCleaner to remove temporary files, and using Auslogics Disk Defrag to defragment the hard drive. It also recommends keeping Windows updates and antivirus software up to date. Following these steps regularly can improve computer performance.
Cyber Defense Forensic Analyst - Real World Hands-on ExamplesSandeep Kumar Seeram
The document discusses analyzing malware using static and dynamic analysis techniques. Static analysis involves examining a malware file's code and structure without executing it, using tools like disassemblers and string extractors. Dynamic analysis executes malware in a controlled environment to observe its behaviors and any changes it makes. The document then demonstrates analyzing the "Netflix Account Generator" malware using an isolated cloud sandbox, where it is observed starting child processes and making outbound network connections, suggesting it is a remote access trojan.
This document provides guidance on performing preventative maintenance on a computer to improve performance and extend its lifespan. It recommends cleaning the external components like the monitor, keyboard, and mouse regularly, as dust can accumulate quickly. Internally, it suggests using the Disk Cleanup and Disk Defragmenter tools periodically to free up hard drive space and optimize file placement. It also stresses the importance of installing operating system and software updates, scanning for viruses regularly, and backing up files in case of hardware failure or malware infection. Regular maintenance through cleaning, optimization, and backup is presented as an effective way to care for a computer over time.
1) The document discusses how to keep a PC functioning properly through regular cleaning, software maintenance, and security updates. It emphasizes the importance of cleaning dust from internal and external components, as well as regularly updating antivirus software, the operating system, and other applications.
2) The document provides steps for cleaning a PC internally and externally and cleaning keyboards, mice, and monitors. It also discusses the threats posed by malware, viruses, spyware, and ensuring firewall and antivirus protection is used.
3) The document instructs to routinely use tools like Check Disk, Disk Cleanup, and Disk Defragmenter and schedule them through the Task Scheduler. It also stresses the importance of always updating Windows through Microsoft
Internet user privacy consists of controlling what information is revealed about oneself online and who can access it. Cookies and data logging by programs and operating systems can track user behavior by recording websites visited and times used. While some tools like CCleaner allow deleting traces of online activity, privacy is difficult to fully protect as cookies and other tools can still reveal browsing histories and information. Users should be aware of potential privacy and security issues online.
Cc cleaner is a free software program that optimizes and speeds up computers and laptops by cleaning unnecessary and unused files, data, cookies, and other information that can slow down systems over time. It deletes temporary files, frees up hard disk space, removes browsing history, and fixes errors in the registry. Downloading Cc cleaner provides benefits like more storage space, reduced errors, increased browsing safety, and customizable cleaning options to suit user needs.
Lecture 09 - Memory Forensics.pdfL E C T U R E 9 B Y .docxsmile790243
Lecture 09 - Memory Forensics.pdf
L E C T U R E 9
B Y : D R . I B R A H I M B A G G I L I
Memory Forensic Analysis
P A R T 1
RAM overview
Volatility overview
http://www.bsatroop780.org/skills/images/ComputerMemory.gif
Understanding RAM
• Two main types of RAM
– Static
• Not refreshed
• Is still volatile
– Dynamic
• Modern computers
• Made up of a collection of cells
• Each cell contains a transistor and a capacitor
• Capacitors charge and discharge (1 and zeros)
• Periodically refreshed
RAM logical organization
• Programs run on computers
• Programs are made up of processes
– Processes are a set of resources used when executing an
instance of a program
– Processes do not generally access the physical memory directly
– Each process has a �virtual memory space�
• Allows operating system to stay in control of allocating memory
– Virtual memory space is made up of
• Pages (default size 4K)
• References (used to map virtual address to physical address)
• May also have a reference to data on the disk (Page file) – used to
free up RAM memory
RAM logical organization
! Each process is represented by an EPROCESS Block:
Normal memory
• Each process is represented by an _EPROCESS block.
• Contained within each _EPROCESS block is both a pointer to the next process
(fLink – Forward Link) and a pointer to the previous process (bLink – Back Link).
• When OS is operating, the _EPROCESS blocks and their pointers come
together to resemble a chain, which is known as a doubly-linked list.
• Chain is stored in kernel memory and is updated every time a process is
launched or terminated.
• Windows API walks this list from head to tail when enumerating processes via
Task Manager, for example.
Not so normal
• Hides processes from windows API
• Known as Direct Kernel Object Manipulation (DKOM)
• Involves manipulating the list of _EPROCESS blocks to �unlink� a
given process from the list
• By changing the forward link of process 1 to point to the third process,
and changing the �bLink� of process 3 to point to process 1, the
attacker�s process is no longer part of the list of _EPROCESS blocks.
• Since the Windows API uses this list to enumerate processes, the
malicious process will be hidden from the user but still able to operate
normally.
P A R T 2
Introduction to Memory
forensics
Before & Now
! Traditionally
! We have always been told to �pull the plug� on a live system
! This is done so that the reliability of the digital evidence is not
questioned
! Now
! People are considering live memory forensics
" Data relevant to the investigation may lie in memory
" Whole Disk Encryption….
Challenges in traditional method
• High volume of data (Aldestein, 2006)
– Increases the time in an investigation
– Increases storage capacity needed for forensic images
– Number of machines that could be included in th ...
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
CCleaner is a utility that cleans temporary files, browser history, and other unnecessary junk from computers to increase privacy, security, speed, and storage space. It can delete cookies and passwords, remove system restore points, and wipe free disk space. While it optimizes performance and frees up disk space, it does not have antivirus or file recovery capabilities.
The document provides information about forensic tools ClamTK antivirus and pdfcrack that are included in the DEFT forensic tools operating system. It includes an introduction, installation instructions for DEFT, information about installing and using ClamTK antivirus to scan for viruses, and details on the pdfcrack tool which can recover passwords and content from password protected PDF files. The document was submitted by Vishnu Pratap Singh to their professor Dr. Rupesh Kumar Dewang as part of a project on forensic tools in the M.Tech Information Security program at Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad.
This document discusses various tools and techniques for performing basic dynamic malware analysis, including sandboxes, Process Monitor, Process Explorer, and Regshot. It explains how sandboxes like GFI Sandbox can provide initial analysis of malware but have limitations. Process Monitor and Process Explorer allow monitoring processes, registry changes, and other activity in real-time. Regshot facilitates comparing registry snapshots before and after malware is run.
Optimize your computer for peak performancepacampbell
This document provides tips to optimize computer performance, including running disk check and disk cleanup weekly to remove errors and temporary files, running disk defragmenter monthly to rearrange fragmented files, reducing the browser history in Internet Explorer, not saving encrypted web pages in Internet Explorer, automating Windows and Microsoft updates, and installing antivirus and antispyware programs. Following these tips can help improve a computer's efficiency and avoid major issues.
Jack Fletcher discusses how computer hardware, software, networking, and society have shaped the modern world and will continue to do so in the future. He describes how early computers like the Colossus were developed during World War II and how hardware has rapidly advanced, with smartphones now having more power than the computers on Apollo rockets. Fletcher also explains how software is built, different types of software, and how networking allows for file sharing, online gaming, and more. Finally, he discusses how these technologies have transformed daily life and will bring developments like 4K displays, 3D printing, and online streaming.
Effective Data Erasure and Anti Forensics Techniquesijtsrd
Deleting sensitive data after usage is just as important as storing of data in a safe location. In the verge of cyber attacks such as data theft happening, it is best to delete or purge or destroy unwanted sensitive data after its use as soon as possible. Data stored offline, for example in hard disks are just as prone to get stolen as the data stored online. For destroying the data to ensure cybercriminals should not get hold of this, techniques such as Data Wiping and Anti Forensics are used. A study is done on how these techniques can be used to the advantage of our system and against the cyber criminals. Anand V | Dr. MN Nachappa "Effective Data Erasure and Anti-Forensics Techniques" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38043.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/38043/effective-data-erasure-and-antiforensics-techniques/anand-v
05 Duplication and Preservation of Digital evidence - NotesKranthi
The document discusses best practices for preserving digital evidence from a crime scene, including:
1) Making bit-stream backups of storage devices before processing to avoid altering the original data.
2) Transporting the computer system securely to a forensics lab for further analysis.
3) Maintaining a detailed evidence notebook and chain of custody to document all evidence handling procedures.
The document provides information about various Windows tools and operating system functions:
- It describes how the Backup and Restore utility, Disk Defragmenter, Files and Settings Transfer Wizard, and Disk Cleanup tools work in Windows to backup files, optimize hard drive performance, transfer files between computers, and free up disk space.
- Components of a computer network like network cards, cables, hubs, routers, and protocols are explained. Steps for configuring network settings like workgroup name and IP address are outlined.
- Common MS-DOS commands like PING and IPCONFIG are demonstrated for testing and viewing network connections.
- Several computer security problems and their causes, prevention, and solutions are analyzed, such
This document summarizes current digital forensic techniques and discusses challenges posed by new technologies. It describes standard techniques like imaging hard drives to gather evidence. Live acquisitions of volatile memory are also discussed. Solid state drives pose difficulties as their controllers can automatically delete data through garbage collection. Private browsers also aim to not store artifacts, complicating investigations. Overall, the document outlines investigative methods and how new technologies increasingly challenge examiners' ability to recover digital evidence.
This document provides a 5-step tutorial for basic computer maintenance and troubleshooting using tools within Windows XP. Step 1 involves diagnosing issues by checking disk integrity and system file integrity. Step 2 looks for hardware problems using system information and device manager. Step 3 frees up computer memory using the system configuration utility. Step 4 cleans the system by using disk cleanup, removing malware, and uninstalling unused programs. Step 5 protects the system by updating, enabling security features, and repairing the firewall. The tutorial aims to help beginner and intermediate users solve common computer problems using built-in Windows tools.
The document discusses 5 materials and technologies that could eliminate digital camera shutter delay:
1) Nanotube and nanowire technologies which could enable clock rates over 500 GHz
2) Computing based on DNA strands for data storage and processing
3) Materials like gallium arsenide, silicon-germanium, and indium-antimonide that are faster than silicon
4) Optical transistors made of chalcogenide glass that don't require photon translation
5) Coated viruses that could enable higher processing speeds at the molecular level through nanotechnology
The real solution lies in developing faster processor materials and software improvements, but these advances remain in research and won't be commercially viable for $10,
This document provides steps to optimize performance on a Windows PC, including fixing disk errors, removing temporary files, defragmenting the hard drive, running Windows updates, and installing antivirus and antispyware software. It recommends using the Disk Check tool in Windows to fix disk errors, using CCleaner to remove temporary files, and using Auslogics Disk Defrag to defragment the hard drive. It also recommends keeping Windows updates and antivirus software up to date. Following these steps regularly can improve computer performance.
Cyber Defense Forensic Analyst - Real World Hands-on ExamplesSandeep Kumar Seeram
The document discusses analyzing malware using static and dynamic analysis techniques. Static analysis involves examining a malware file's code and structure without executing it, using tools like disassemblers and string extractors. Dynamic analysis executes malware in a controlled environment to observe its behaviors and any changes it makes. The document then demonstrates analyzing the "Netflix Account Generator" malware using an isolated cloud sandbox, where it is observed starting child processes and making outbound network connections, suggesting it is a remote access trojan.
This document provides guidance on performing preventative maintenance on a computer to improve performance and extend its lifespan. It recommends cleaning the external components like the monitor, keyboard, and mouse regularly, as dust can accumulate quickly. Internally, it suggests using the Disk Cleanup and Disk Defragmenter tools periodically to free up hard drive space and optimize file placement. It also stresses the importance of installing operating system and software updates, scanning for viruses regularly, and backing up files in case of hardware failure or malware infection. Regular maintenance through cleaning, optimization, and backup is presented as an effective way to care for a computer over time.
1) The document discusses how to keep a PC functioning properly through regular cleaning, software maintenance, and security updates. It emphasizes the importance of cleaning dust from internal and external components, as well as regularly updating antivirus software, the operating system, and other applications.
2) The document provides steps for cleaning a PC internally and externally and cleaning keyboards, mice, and monitors. It also discusses the threats posed by malware, viruses, spyware, and ensuring firewall and antivirus protection is used.
3) The document instructs to routinely use tools like Check Disk, Disk Cleanup, and Disk Defragmenter and schedule them through the Task Scheduler. It also stresses the importance of always updating Windows through Microsoft
Internet user privacy consists of controlling what information is revealed about oneself online and who can access it. Cookies and data logging by programs and operating systems can track user behavior by recording websites visited and times used. While some tools like CCleaner allow deleting traces of online activity, privacy is difficult to fully protect as cookies and other tools can still reveal browsing histories and information. Users should be aware of potential privacy and security issues online.
Cc cleaner is a free software program that optimizes and speeds up computers and laptops by cleaning unnecessary and unused files, data, cookies, and other information that can slow down systems over time. It deletes temporary files, frees up hard disk space, removes browsing history, and fixes errors in the registry. Downloading Cc cleaner provides benefits like more storage space, reduced errors, increased browsing safety, and customizable cleaning options to suit user needs.
Lecture 09 - Memory Forensics.pdfL E C T U R E 9 B Y .docxsmile790243
Lecture 09 - Memory Forensics.pdf
L E C T U R E 9
B Y : D R . I B R A H I M B A G G I L I
Memory Forensic Analysis
P A R T 1
RAM overview
Volatility overview
http://www.bsatroop780.org/skills/images/ComputerMemory.gif
Understanding RAM
• Two main types of RAM
– Static
• Not refreshed
• Is still volatile
– Dynamic
• Modern computers
• Made up of a collection of cells
• Each cell contains a transistor and a capacitor
• Capacitors charge and discharge (1 and zeros)
• Periodically refreshed
RAM logical organization
• Programs run on computers
• Programs are made up of processes
– Processes are a set of resources used when executing an
instance of a program
– Processes do not generally access the physical memory directly
– Each process has a �virtual memory space�
• Allows operating system to stay in control of allocating memory
– Virtual memory space is made up of
• Pages (default size 4K)
• References (used to map virtual address to physical address)
• May also have a reference to data on the disk (Page file) – used to
free up RAM memory
RAM logical organization
! Each process is represented by an EPROCESS Block:
Normal memory
• Each process is represented by an _EPROCESS block.
• Contained within each _EPROCESS block is both a pointer to the next process
(fLink – Forward Link) and a pointer to the previous process (bLink – Back Link).
• When OS is operating, the _EPROCESS blocks and their pointers come
together to resemble a chain, which is known as a doubly-linked list.
• Chain is stored in kernel memory and is updated every time a process is
launched or terminated.
• Windows API walks this list from head to tail when enumerating processes via
Task Manager, for example.
Not so normal
• Hides processes from windows API
• Known as Direct Kernel Object Manipulation (DKOM)
• Involves manipulating the list of _EPROCESS blocks to �unlink� a
given process from the list
• By changing the forward link of process 1 to point to the third process,
and changing the �bLink� of process 3 to point to process 1, the
attacker�s process is no longer part of the list of _EPROCESS blocks.
• Since the Windows API uses this list to enumerate processes, the
malicious process will be hidden from the user but still able to operate
normally.
P A R T 2
Introduction to Memory
forensics
Before & Now
! Traditionally
! We have always been told to �pull the plug� on a live system
! This is done so that the reliability of the digital evidence is not
questioned
! Now
! People are considering live memory forensics
" Data relevant to the investigation may lie in memory
" Whole Disk Encryption….
Challenges in traditional method
• High volume of data (Aldestein, 2006)
– Increases the time in an investigation
– Increases storage capacity needed for forensic images
– Number of machines that could be included in th ...
Similar to CCleaner and case studies in Cyber Security (20)
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
3. ➢ CCleaner is the most powerful tool for cleaning PC’s.
➢ It is invented by Piriform,the leading software developer company.
➢ From its name, you can guess that CCleaner is used to clean up your system. In fact, the first
'C' in CCleaner stands for the 'crap' that it can clean out.
➢ CCleaner is a small, effective utility for computers running Microsoft Windows that cleans out
the 'junk' that accumulates over time: temporary files, broken shortcuts, and other problems
➢ CCleaner protects your privacy. It cleans your browsing history and temporary internet files.
Allowing you to be a more confident Internet user and less susceptible to identity theft.
➢ Cleaner can clean unneeded files from various programs saving you hard disk space, remove
unneeded entries in the Windows Registry, help you uninstall software and select which
programs start with Windows.
4. How to install CCleaner in Windows :- https://www.ccleaner.com/download
5. Cleaning your PC using CCleaner
1. In CCleaner, click the Cleaner icon at left.
2. Choose the Windows features you want to clean by selecting their check boxes (you can clean
everything under Internet Explorer, for example, by selecting the check box next to the heading).
When you select or clear certain options, warning text will appear. Read the text and click OK to
dismiss the dialog box.
3. Click the Applications tab. The programs listed on this tab will depend on the software you have
installed on the system.
4. Choose the applications or features you want to clean.
5. Click the Analyze button. CCleaner analyzes the files and Registry keys belonging to the Windows
features and applications you have selected. This may take some time.Once the analysis is
complete, you can review which files will be deleted in the text window. To save the list of items to
be deleted, right-click in the text window and then click Save to text file... To clean an item right
from the analysis list, right-click the item and then click Clean.
6. Click Run Cleaner. You are warned that CCleaner is about to permanently remove files from the
system. Click OK to proceed.
7. When the cleaning is complete, CCleaner displays a report of deleted files in the text window. To
save the list, right-click in the text window and then click Save to text file..
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11. How Does it Work ????
>>First of all it will ask you to analyse the whole computer..
>>As you go through analyse mode ccleaner will collect the details of files to be removed
>>After analysing you can run ccleaner and the all unnecessary data will be deleted..
>>It is also very easier to uninstall any software with the help of ccleaner
12. External Uses Of CCleaner
1. Protect your Web browsing privacy on a shared or public computer by deleting
passwords and other temporary Internet files
2. Clean up the Windows Registry by removing information that's incorrect or no longer
needed.
3. Reduce memory load and speed up boot times by letting you specify which programs
automatically start with Windows.
4. Uninstall software easily: - even when the Windows Control Panel Add/Remove
Programs applet won't let you
5. Helps in recovery of files and folders
6. Wiping free disk space
7. Browser Cleaning
13. Wiping free Space
When you delete a file, Windows removes the reference to that file, but doesn't delete the actual
data that made up the file on your hard drive. Over time, this data will be overwritten as Windows
writes new files to that area of the drive.
This means that, given the right software, someone could reconstruct all, or parts of files that you've
deleted. For privacy and security reasons, you can set CCleaner to wipe the free areas of your hard
disk so that deleted files can never be recovered.
Note: Wiping free space can take a substantial amount of time.
Method 1 (Automatically wipe when cleaning):
1. In CCleaner, click the CCleaner icon at left.
2. On the Windows tab, select the Wipe Free Space check box.
3. CCleaner displays a warning about extra time. Click OK.
4. Run CCleaner as usual
14. Method 2 (Manually wipe with Drive Wiper):
1. Select Tools > Drive Wiper
2. Choose the type of wipe you require:
1. Free Space Only will leave your normal files intact
2. Entire Drive will erase all of the files on the drive. WARNING, this means the whole
of the partition will be erased. The drive will still be formatted, but all data will be
erased. For safety reasons, this feature is disabled for the boot drive.
3. Choose the type of security you require (Simple Overwrite is ok for most situations)
4. CCleaner will warn you before proceeding
Wipe Free Disk Space limitations
CCleaner can't wipe every deleted file from your free disk space. There are some limitations, because
of the way Windows stores some files. Here are some examples:
● The file has been overwritten by another file (so no need to overwrite this again)
● The file had been overwritten by another file before you ran CCleaner, but the second file
has now been deleted as well.
● The file was created almost exactly when you ran CCleaner.
15. Restrictions..….
1. CCleaner can't detect or remove viruses, spyware, or malware.
2. CCleaner can't defragment your hard drive..
3. CCleaner can't recover deleted or corrupted files.
16. Case studies on Information Recovery Tools
Organization: Womble Carlyle Sandridge & Rice PLLC, Winston-Salem, N.C.
Mission: With approximately 450 lawyers, Womble Carlyle is one of the largest law firms in the
mid-Atlantic and the Southeast, as well as one of the most technologically advanced. Founded
in 1876, the firm celebrated its 125th anniversary last year.
Challenge: As hundreds of laptop-toting attorneys travel across the globe, they expect to get
the same level of reliability as with desktop systems. When something goes wrong with a
laptop, the IT staff needs to be able to restore the laptop's functionality -- fast.
In the past, the IT department responded to a laptop crash by talking travelers through the
restoration process by phone, which often took hours, or by sending a CD or new hard drive
overnight. But the firm wanted something faster to reduce the productivity loss for its lawyers.
17. Technology: The IT department considered several options, including homegrown backup procedures
and backup products from Veritas Software Corp. in Mountain View, Calif. But it ultimately decided to use
a PC/laptop backup technology called Connected TLM from Connected Corp. in Framingham, Mass.
Compared with simple backup/restore programs, Connected was able to do a more comprehensive
backup of all files, including "registry files, data files, browser favorites and all of the little details that make
that laptop theirs," says Sean Scott, CIO at Womble Carlyle. "And it did it in the background so that end
users didn't even know it was happening."
After a pilot test with "power users," the Connected system was deployed on 400 laptops and 50
desktops.
Payoff: Laptop restorations that used to take four to six hours can now be done in 45 to 60
minutes, Scott says. For example, with Connected, it only takes eight minutes to restore Microsoft
Word to its original state, he says.
Scott says Connected's backup is more storage-efficient than anticipated, because after backing up the
operating system and standard applications once, it only backs up the files that are different on each
machine. For example, if you need to back up 20 laptops, the first laptop may take three hours, the next
one will take less time and each one after that will take a lot less time. Scott says the Connected backups
have used only one-third of the disk space and one-half of the archival tapes that he expected.
18. 2. Network data reveals theft of trade secrets
The facts: Xiaolang Zhang worked as an engineer for Apple’s autonomous car division. He
had been with the company 2 ½ years when he announced that he would be resigning and
returning to China to take care of his elderly mother. He told his manager that he would be
working for an electric car manufacturer in China. The conversation left the manager
suspicious. Company security started an investigation. They searched Zhang’s two work
phones and laptop—but were most alarmed when they reviewed Zhang’s network activity.
The story the network data told was that Zhang’s activity had spiked to a two-year high in the
days leading up to his resignation. It consisted of “bulk searches and targeted downloading
copious pages of information” taken from secret databases he could access. When
confronted, Zhang admitted to taking company data. The matter was referred to the FBI, and
Zhang was indicted for theft of trade secrets.
19. The takeaway: Network forensics is a sub-specialty of digital forensics. It involves analysis of
log data from servers and other networking tools (e.g., firewalls, routers, intrusion detection
applications) in order to trace or monitor network activity. Attorneys with cyber law practices
have become very familiar with network forensics, as it is one of the go-to tools for intrusion
and breach detection. Network forensics can involve retroactive analysis or live-stream traffic
monitoring. The volume of data collected can be enormous, so data analytics techniques are
used heavily.
It used to be the case that network forensics was seldom practiced. To reduce the need for
storage hardware, few organizations had their network logging features turned on. Fewer still
retained their logs long enough to be of value when investigators came calling. Practices have
changed as companies have become more sophisticated and diligent about cyber security.
The Zhang case demonstrates that the availability of network data presents opportunities to
investigate user activity in non-cyber cases, (i.e., a theft of trade secrets matter). As in the
Zhang case, network logs can be analyzed to identify mass movements or deletions of data
and other suspect user activity.
20. CASE STUDY 3
Organization: American Tower Corp., Boston
Mission: The company builds, owns and operates towers for cellular phone companies. It has
about 14,400 sites in the U.S., Mexico and Brazil, including about 300 broadcast tower sites.
Challenge: American Tower is an unpopular company because there are so many opponents to
building towers, so the goal of the IT staff is to keep hackers, critics and competitors out of
its systems, says Rob Sherman, manager of IT storage and network operations.
Technology: Instead of waiting for vendors to post signature files for new hacker attacks
and cleaning up after virus attacks, Sherman and network engineer T.J. Mitchell wanted
something that would stop intruders before they could get in at all. So they turned to
StormWatch software from Okena Inc. in Waltham, Mass. Unlike software that relies of
attack signatures, StormWatch focuses on the behavior of critical applications. The
proprietary technology intercepts all requests to the operating system, correlates the
behavior with its rules engine and makes a real-time decision on whether to allow or deny that
activity, based on the customer's security policy.
21. Payoff: The software has been in production use for several months at a cost
of $18,000, and "it's amazing the things it has stopped," Sherman says. "Most
software detects. This software detects and prevents." And by stopping
viruses before they have a chance to get inside, StormWatch means the end
of virus cleanup emergencies. "When the Code Red virus hit, a dozen people
spent a week cleaning machines. We wasted a lot of time and money last
year" before getting StormWatch, Sherman says.
In addition, the StormWatch reports that lists all of the hacker attacks that
have been rebuffed "are nice to show to the boss," he says.
The CPU performance hit from StormWatch has been minimal, at just 2% of
CPU utilization, Sherman adds.
22. Case Study 4
Organization: Corio Inc., San Carlos, Calif.
Mission: Corio is an application service provider that delivers enterprise software over a secure
global network for a fixed fee. Customers include Fortune 500 companies, midsize businesses,
universities and government agencies.
Challenge: Corio manages mission-critical data for its customers, so they want real-time security
event monitoring on a per-customer basis.
Technology: Corio uses Counterpane Internet Security Inc. in Cupertino, Calif., as its managed
security provider. "Counterpane has been phenomenal, but in the last six months,
security-conscious customers have asked for a real-time event monitor that's specific to their
environment and to have some level of control," says Mark Milatovich, director of security at Corio.
So he brought in software from Sunnyvale, Calif.-based ArcSight Inc., which monitors and
correlates a wide range of security devices, such as firewalls and intrusion-detection systems, and
provides reports.
23. Payoff: ArcSight provides "a window into our environment" at a central console while also
providing customer-specific views. "Each customer's traffic has a signature, a pulse, and ArcSight
allows us to look for anomalies," Milatovich says. But it takes several months to tune the software
for each customer "to eliminate the noise and get the signal," he says.
Milatovich also likes the potential for labor savings from ArcSight's collecting of data from
numerous security devices. "I'd have to have an army of people [to monitor] all of the logs from
sensors," he says.
And customers like the ability to get high-level executive reports on security activity or to examine
technical details, he adds