Jack Fletcher discusses how computer hardware, software, networking, and society have shaped the modern world and will continue to do so in the future. He describes how early computers like the Colossus were developed during World War II and how hardware has rapidly advanced, with smartphones now having more power than the computers on Apollo rockets. Fletcher also explains how software is built, different types of software, and how networking allows for file sharing, online gaming, and more. Finally, he discusses how these technologies have transformed daily life and will bring developments like 4K displays, 3D printing, and online streaming.

1. Summer Project 2014Summer Project 2014
ByBy
Jack FletcherJack Fletcher

2. IntroductionIntroduction
• In my summer project I am going to be discussing how:
Hardware, Software, Networking and society will have
an impact on the future and how it has already effected
the planet in today’s world. These options have really
influenced how today's life is, because everywhere you
go and everything that you do is run by computers and
controlled by a code. For example: All of your internet
banking is controlled by a main server that has got data
protection incorporated so all of your personal
information is protected from hackers.
• Most modern day planes are now computer controlled
and have a pilot there just in case something was to go
wrong with the computer.
• Google are trying to invent the first computer controlled
car which eliminates the need for a driver. Personally I
wouldn’t like to be in that type of situation, I would like to
be in control.

3. ColossusColossus
• Colossus was the world’s very first electronic digital computer
that was at all programmable. The colossus computer was
developed for the British Code-Breakers during the Second
World War. It was used to help in the Cryptanalysis of the
Lorenz Cipher.
• Without them, then the Allies would have been deprived of the
very valuable military intelligence that was obtained from
reading a vast amount of encrypted high- level telegraphic
messages between the German High Command and their
army commands throughout occupied Europe. The colossus
computers used thermionic valves to perform Boolean
operation and calculations.
• Here is a link that talks a little bit more about the Colossus
computer:
• http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/8486345.stm

4. Hardware evolvedHardware evolved
• The hardware that we are now
using in today’s world has
drastically improved over the last
couple of years because of the
new technology which is being
invented every day. For example
the Apple Iphone 5c has got more
computer power built into it than
the space rocket that landed Neil
Armstrong and buzz Aldrin 45
years ago. That just goes to show
how much the power of the
hardware has evolved with in just
45 years or so. It just makes you
wonder how much more the
hardware will evolve in just
another 45 years time.

5. How a computer worksHow a computer works
• A contemporary computer
system can be categorized
into six major components. I
am going to show you just a
few of these major systems
that make up a computer.
This central processing unit
manipulates data and
controls the other parts of the
computer system; primary
storage temporarily stores
data and program instructions
during processing; secondary
storage stores data and
instructions when they are not
used in processing;
input devices convert data and instructions for processing in computer; output
devices present data in a form that people can understand; and communications
devices control the passing of information to and from communication networks..

6. The Cpu contains an
arithmetic- logic unit and a
control unit. Data and
instructions are stored in
unique addresses in primary
storage that the CPU can
access during processing.
The data bus, address bus,
and control bus transmits
signals between the central
processing unit, primary
storage, and other devices in
the computer system.
The control unit coordinates and controls the other
parts of the computer system. It reads a stored
program, one instruction at a time, and directs other
components of the computer system to perform the
program’s required tasks. The series of operations
required to process a single machine instructions is
called the machine cycle. Older computer and PCs
have machine cycle times measured in microseconds
(millionths of a second). More powerful machines
have machine cycle times measured in nanoseconds
or picoseconds (trillionths of a second). Another
measure of machine cycle time is by MIPS, millions
of instructions per second.

7. • The most widely used secondary storage medium today is the
Magnetic disk. There are two kinds of magnetic disks: Floppy disks
and hard disks (used on large commercial disk drives and also on
PCs). Large mainframe or midrange computer systems have
multiple hard disk drives because they require immense disk
storage capacity in the gigabyte and terabyte range. PCs also use
floppy disks, which are removable and portable, with storage of up
to 2.8 megabyte and a much slower access rate than the hard disks.
Removable disks drives are popular back up storage alternative for
PC systems. Magnetic disks on both large and small computer
permit direct access to individual records so that the data that is
stored on the disk can be directly accessed regardless of the order
in which the data were originally recorded. Disk technology is useful
for systems requiring rapid and direct access to data.

8. How Hardware will developHow Hardware will develop
• Based on the evidence of what’s coming, things are
going to get thinner and smaller as you might expect.
With that, we’ll also be able to consolidate technology
rather than require more hardware to make something
happen.
• Microsoft have invented a new Hands on computer that
allows multiply people to use the computer at the same
time when they are touching different parts of the screen.
• This link will tell you more about the new technology that
Microsoft is producing:
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g7AVuY8xK8Q

9. How software is built SoftwareHow software is built Software
• Building software is an end-to-end process that involves many distinct functions. Some of these
functions are described below.
• Version control: The version control function carries out activities such as workspace creation
and updating, base lining and reporting. It creates an environment for the build process to run in
and captures metadata about the inputs and outputs of the build process to ensure repeatability
and reliability.
• Tools such as Git help with these tasks by offering tools to tag specific points in history as being
important, and more.
• Code quality
• Also known as static program analysis/static code analysis this function is responsible for
checking developers have adhered to the seven axes of code quality: comments, unit tests,
duplication, complexity, coding rules, potential bugs and architecture & design.
• Ensuring a project has high-quality code results in fewer bugs and influences non-functional
requirements such as maintainability, extensibility and readability, which have a direct impact on
the ROI for your business
• Compilation
• This is only a small feature of managing the build process. The compilation function turns source
files into directly executable or intermediate objects. Not every project will require this function.
• While for simple programs the process consists of a single file being compiled, for complex
software the source code may consist of many files and may be combined in different ways to
produce many different versions.

10. Different software'sDifferent software's
• Shareware: This software is downloadable from the Internet.
Licenses differ, but commonly the user is allowed to try the program
for free, for a period stipulated in the license, usually thirty days. At
the end of the trial period, it must be purchased or uninstalled.
Some shareware incorporates an internal clock that disables the
program after the trial period unless a serial number is supplied.
Other shareware designs continue to work with "nag" screens,
encouraging the user to purchase the program.
• Cripple ware: This software is similar to shareware except that key
features will cease to work after the trial period has ended. For
example, the "save" function, the print function, or some other vital
feature necessary to use the program effectively may become
unusable. This "cripples" the program. Other types of crippleware
incorporate crippled functions throughout the trial period. A
purchase is necessary to unlock the crippled features.

11. Different software’sDifferent software’s
• Spyware: Spyware is normally free, but can be shareware. It
clandestinely "phones home" and sends data back to the creator of
the spyware, most often without the user's knowledge. For example,
a multimedia player might profile what music and video files the
program is called upon to play. This information can be stored with a
unique identification tag associated with the specific program on a
user's machine, mapping a one-to-one relationship. The concept of
spyware is very unpopular, and many programs that use spyware
protocols were forced to disclose this to users and offer a means to
turn off reporting functions. Other spyware programs divulge the
protocols in their licenses, and make acceptance of the spyware
feature a condition of agreement for using the software.
• Freeware: Freeware is also downloadable off the Internet and free
of charge. Often freeware is only free for personal use, while
commercial use requires a paid license. Freeware does not contain
spyware or adware. If it is found to contain either of these, it is
reclassified as such.

12. How software has evolvedHow software has evolved
• Over time, software systems, programs as well as applications,
continue to develop. These changes will require new laws and
theories to be created and justified. Some models as well would
require additional aspects in developing future programs.
Innovations and improvements do increase unexpected form of
software development. The maintenance issues also would
probably change as to adapt to the evolution of the future
software. Software process and development are an ongoing
experience that has a never-ending cycle. After going through
learning and refinements, it is always an arguable issue when it
comes to matter of efficiency and effectiveness of the programs.
• There are many ways in which software has improved with time
thanks to hardware advances. For example, over time, as
hardware became capable of displaying more colours and pixels,
software's GUIs have become more photorealistic. And as CPUs,
motherboards, and other aspects began to be able to process
more information, and as hard drive sizes increased, programs
have become more complex and more advanced with more
features

13. How software will developHow software will develop
• It is not unreasonable to speculate on what the future of software
engineering will look like in the next 50 years. Software engineering
is still a young discipline, with almost a half of a century since the
coining of “software engineering”. Although we could claim some
sort of success by simply pointing out the software underlying
almost every facet of today’s world.
• In the next 50 years, as governments increasingly turn legal policy
and services into source code and public APIs. Software designers
and developers today must be prepared to build massively-sized
software systems on a regular basis. This will often require
cooperation of many diverse stakeholders.
• It's no secret that technology trends move fast -- and the tools and
means for building those technologies constantly evolve. But if you
don't lift your head up every once in a while to look past the next
year's projects

14. How computer networking works.How computer networking works.
• Computer networks, regardless of size and ownership, exist for one main
purpose: moving information from one point to another. Beyond that
purpose, networks then divide by connection, topology (design), size and
architecture.
• Computer networks can use the following types of hardware for fulfilling their
purpose:
• Network cards are expansion boards, literally circuit cards that fit into a
computer, expanding its abilities for communication (e.g. joining a network).
Network cards come in many variations, differentiated by speed. Most now
allow for gigabit (very fast) network communication.
• The server can then take the data request and fulfil it by either returning the
data requested, sending it to the corresponding network device (printer, ,
VTC device) or storing the data as asked.

15. Benefits of using computerBenefits of using computer
networking.networking.
• These are just some of the benefits of using computer networking:
• printer sharing - Once a home network is in place, it's easy to then set up all of the
computers to share a single printer. No longer will you need to bounce from one
system or another just to print out an email message. Other computer peripherals can
be shared similarly such as network scanners, Web cams, and CD burners.
• Internet connection sharing - Using a home network, multiple family members can
access the Internet simultaneously without having to pay an ISP for multiple
accounts. You will notice the Internet connection slows down when several people
share it, but broadband Internet can handle the extra load with little trouble.
• multi-player games - Many popular home computer games support LAN
mode where friends and family can play together, if they have their computers
networked.
• Internet telephone service - So-called Voice over IP services allow you to make
and receive phone calls through your home network across the Internet, saving you
money.
• home entertainment - Newer home entertainment products such as digital video
recorders (DVRs) and video game consoles now support either wired or wireless
home networking. Having these products integrated into your network enables online
Internet gaming, video sharing and other advanced features.

16. How it has shaped the human raceHow it has shaped the human race
• Computer networking has had one of the biggest influences and has
shaped the human race more than any thing else because
everything today is now run by small independent computer
networks. For example: All of the phone companies have their own
specific Network which all of their customers connect to on a daily
basis and use the internet from it, also all the banks have got a
number of different computers and systems that are all connected
by networks which hold all of the confidential information from all of
the banks customers.
• These are just a few of the networks that have shaped the human
race because these are things that are used and are vital to a lot of
people and might not be able to live with out the use of them. This is
why the Computer networks are one of the most important things
that have been invented.

17. How have computer hardware,How have computer hardware,
software and networks shaped oursoftware and networks shaped our
worldworld
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DHmel4EiEhM
I feel that this video that I have
found on YouTube is the best
way to describe how
technology such as Computer
hardware, software and
networks have shaped out the
world and made it what it is
today. It describes all the small
details in specific topics. It
ticks all the boxes.

18. SocietySociety
• 3. Ultra HD 4K Will Spread to Television and Phones
Improved mobile devices will be released that include Qualcomm
Snapdragon 800 processors by the end of 2014, which can handle
4K video and completely revolutionize the way video will be viewed.
Proof that this is happening now is the fact the both the FIFA World
Cup and the Winter Olympics are being filmed in 4K, along with
more content being released via Netflix, Sony and others throughout
2014.
• 4. No-Touch Interfaces
Many smart phone users are already familiar with no-touch
technology thanks to voice recognition software integrated into their
wireless devices. Smartphone users use apps like Google Now on
Android and Siri on iOS for hands-free access to endless amounts
of information. With advances in sensors and cameras, no-touch
interfaces and devices will only continue to be integrated into daily
life.

19. Society p.2Society p.2
• 5. 3-D Printing
The growth rate of 3-D printers is projected to be 75 percent this year, with another
large jump to 200 percent by 2015. Once thought to be impossible, the consumer
market is now aware that 3-D printing is a real and viable means to reduce costs
through improved designs, streamlined prototyping, and short-run manufacturing.
• 6. Wearable Technology
This technology is all the rage at the moment, but it is not a technology that will
illuminate smart phones anytime soon. This technology involves a number of items
and is a fast-growing category that includes any small piece of technology that can be
worn on one's body. Research firm ABI estimates that this industry will hit.
• 9. Online Video Streaming
With the demand of streaming video from the broadcast networks, your computer is
no longer used to simply learn and laugh along with your favourite YouTube videos.
The future of online streaming is happening at a remarkable speed. Data downloads
are currently at about 17GB per month, but this number is expected to exceed 70GB
per month by 2017. The future lies with the HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding),
which is the video compression technology that will make streaming 4K videos
possible.

20. Sources pageSources page
• http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/14071/14409392/L
(Hardware)
• http://compnetworking.about.com/od/basicnetworkingcon
cepts/a/how-computer-networks-work-introduction-to-
interconnects.htm (Networking)
• http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4915145_computer-
network-work.html(Networking)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DHmel4EiEhM
(society)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-x91dD8PJzA (future)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g7AVuY8xK8Q
( Hardware)