This document discusses cause and effect language in English, focusing on the conjunctions "because of", "due to", and "thanks to". It defines cause and effect writing, provides the formulas and examples for using each conjunction. The objectives are to write and present about the social functions and language elements of transactional texts involving cause and effect relationships. Key words and phrases with causal meaning are also listed.

1. CAUSE EFFECT RELATIONSHIP
Marsono, S.Pd

2. BASIC COMPETENCE
3.7 Menerapkan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur
kebahasaan teks interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis yang
melibatkan tindakan memberi dan meminta informasi
terkait hubungan sebab akibat, sesuai dengan konteks
penggunaannya. (Perhatikan unsur kebahasaan because
of ..., due to ..., thanks to ...)
4.7 Menyusun teks interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis
yang melibatkan tindakan memberi dan meminta informasi
terkait hubungan sebab akibat, dengan memperhatikan
fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan yang
benar dan sesuai konteks

3. OBJECTIVES
1. Menuliskan fungsi sosial, struktur dan unsur kebahasaan
teks interaksi transaksional terkait hubungan sebab
akibat, (because of ..., due to ..., thanks to ...)
2. Mempresentasikan hasil diskusi kelompok terkait dengan
fungsi sosial dan unsur kebahasaan teks interaksi
transaksional terkait hubungan sebab akibat, (because
of ..., due to ..., thanks to ...)
3. Menyusun teks teks interaksi transaksional terkait
hubungan sebab akibat, (because of ..., due to ...,
thanks to ...)

4. DEFINITION
Writing and speaking in English about cause and effect is
called a cause effect relationship.

5. BECAUSE OF
Because of is conjunctions that can express reason and
also cause and effect.
The formula:
BECAUSE OF + NOUN (PHRASE), PRONOUN, OR VERB-ING.

6. BECAUSE OF
EXAMPLE
1. The man works so hard because of his family.
2. The soldiers have to leave their family because of the
duty.

7. DUE TO
Due to is used to express cause and effect and also to state
the reason someone does something.
The formula:
DUE TO+NOUN (PHRASE)

8. DUE TO
Example
1. The young man was lost his foot, due to car accident.
2. I couldn’t come to your party last night due to rain.

9. THANKS TO
Thanks to is used to express something positive to someone.
More simply, this expression is an expression of gratitude for
something caused by someone or caused by good
conditions.
The formula:
THANKS TO + NOUN (PHRASE)

10. THANKS TO
Example
1. Thanks to the untiring support of my wife, I’ve gotten
back on my feet.
2. Thanks to my sister, I can reach my dream.

11. WORDS AND PHRASES THAT HAVE A
CAUSAL MEANING
1. Because of
2. Due to
3. Thanks to
4. Owing to
5. As a consequence of
6. As a result of

12. THANK YOU
Keep stay safe at home :)