Caterall kktch Classification for Perthes foot.pptx
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The document discusses the examination of the foot and ankle. It provides an overview of the complex structure of the foot and ankle, which contains 28 bones and 55 articulations. The foot and ankle serve to convert rotational movements during weight bearing activities into other movements. Anatomically, the foot is subdivided into the rearfoot, midfoot, and forefoot. The ankle joint is a hinge joint formed by the articulation of the dome of the talus in the ankle mortise.
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Dr. Manoj Das provides an overview of examining the foot and ankle. The objectives are to assess, diagnose, and treat conditions. The anatomy is complex with 28 bones and 55 joints. The examination involves taking history, observing gait and appearance, palpating for tenderness, and assessing range of motion, neurovascular status, and performing special tests. Key areas to examine include the ankle, subtalar, and first MTP joints as well as the ligaments, tendons and bones of the foot and ankle. A thorough examination is important for accurately diagnosing and treating foot and ankle conditions.
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This document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the musculoskeletal system. It describes the bones that make up the skull, vertebral column, pelvis, and extremities. It discusses the types of joints in the body including fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints. It also covers the microscopic structure of skeletal muscle fibers and their attachments, blood supply, and function. The document is an introductory overview of the key components and structures of the musculoskeletal system.
Anatomy and PhysiologySkeletal system II
The document discusses the structure and components of the skeletal system, including the different regions of the spine, ribs, and bones that make up the axial skeleton. It also describes the shoulder girdle, arm, wrist, hand, pelvis, leg, ankle, and foot bones that compose the appendicular skeleton. Finally, it covers the different types of joints that connect bones and allow for movement.
Anatomy of Knee Joint
PREPARED BY: MUHAMMAD ARIFF B. MAHDZUB
BACHELOR MEDICINE AND SURGERY (MBBS)
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE SHAHPUTRA, KUANTAN
BASIC ANATOMY
This document provides an overview of basic human anatomy, including:
1) The organization of the body into anatomical positions, planes, and directions that are used as a reference.
2) Descriptions of the skeletal, muscular, nervous, and other body systems.
3) Explanations of basic joints, bones, muscles, and movements.
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The document describes how to observe and examine a patient's feet and lower limbs. Key points of observation include noting any deformities like splay foot or rocker bottom foot. When examining weight bearing, the assistant checks if weight is equally distributed, and the position of pronation or supination. Functional tests like walking on heels and toes can indicate muscle power or range of motion. Accessories like canes are also noted.
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This document provides instructions for examining a patient's lower legs and feet from the posterior view. It describes how to observe the calves for symmetry, check that the Achilles tendons are vertical and aligned on both sides, and examine the calcaneum bone for shape, position, and calluses. It also lists applying baby oil and powder to a patient's foot and having them step on paper to observe their foot print pattern. Specific areas are to be palpated for temperature, tenderness, and anatomical landmarks.
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The document discusses range of motion of the first MTP joint which is principally involved in toe off during gait through flexion and extension to stabilize the foot and move the great toe. It also lists the muscles innervated by specific nerves that are assessed during a neurological motor examination, including the plantar flexors, peroneus longus and brevis, gastrocnemeus and soleus, flexor digitorum longus, and tibialis posterior muscles. Palpation of the soft tissues of the toes is also mentioned.
Presentation16.pptx
The document discusses the neurological examination and range of motion of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint, which is involved in toe-off during gait and stabilizes the foot by flexing and extending the great toe. It also examines the motor functions of various plantar flexors and peroneal muscles innervated by the superficial peroneal, tibial, and sciatic nerves including the gastrocnemius, soleus, flexor digitorum longus, and tibialis posterior muscles. Finally, it mentions palpating the soft tissues of the toes.
Presentation14.pptx
This document discusses the examination of the lower leg and foot, including palpation of the toes, range of motion of the big toe joint, and testing various muscles and nerves. The big toe joint is important for toe-off during walking and stabilizes the foot during flexion and extension. Sensory and motor function is evaluated for muscles like the plantar flexors, peroneals, gastrocnemius, and flexor digitorum that are innervated by the superficial peroneal, tibial, and sciatic nerves.
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This document describes how to test the ankle reflex and sensory responses as part of a neurological examination. It also provides instructions for performing stress tests on the medial and lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle by placing the ankle in neutral position and applying inward or outward stress to the foot while firmly holding the lower leg and foot.
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This document describes several tests to evaluate pathologies of the Achilles tendon and ankle. The pre-Achilles and post-Achilles walking tests identify pain before or after the Achilles tendon. The Thompson test evaluates for Achilles tendon rupture by squeezing the calf muscle in a prone position. The needle test checks for integrity of the distal Achilles tendon by piercing a needle through the skin and checking for needle movement with foot movement. The anterior drawer test identifies anterior talofibular ligament integrity by checking for more than 3mm of talus anterior subluxation. The ankle dorsiflexion test determines if gastroc or soleus is limiting ankle movement based on knee flexion.
2 Evaluating for Syndesmotic injury.pptx
This document outlines several tests for evaluating ankle and lower leg injuries:
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2. The anterior drawer test assesses the integrity of the ankle capsule and anterior talofibular ligament by measuring anterior subluxation of the talus.
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1 Evaluating for Syndesmotic injury.pptx
This document outlines three tests used to evaluate injuries in the ankle region: the squeeze test and external rotation test are used to evaluate injuries to the syndesmosis, the anterior drawer test evaluates the integrity of the capsule and anterior talofibular ligament, and the Thompson test evaluates the tendo-Achilles for rupture by squeezing the calf muscle while the foot is in a prone position to check for planter flexion movement which would indicate a normal or partial tear versus no movement indicating a complete rupture.
Presentation6 foot 9.pptx
The document discusses range of motion of the first MTP joint, which is principally involved in toe off during gait and stabilizes the foot through flexion and extension of the great toe. It also discusses performing a neurovascular assessment of the foot, including testing motor function, sensation, reflexes, and distal pulses and capillary refill. Finally, it lists the main dorsiflexors and plantar flexors of the foot, including the nerves involved in innervating each muscle.
Presentation6 foot 8.pptx
Range of motion of the ankle and hindfoot are assessed. For the ankle, dorsiflexion of 10-30 degrees and plantar flexion of 20-50 degrees are checked. Hindfoot inversion is assessed at 35 degrees and eversion at 25 degrees with the patient sitting and their knee flexed at 70 degrees while gripping their ankle and calcaneum. Forefoot abduction and adduction are also evaluated by holding the hindfoot and forefoot separately and passively moving the forefoot.
Presentation6 foot 7.pptx
Zone 4 covers the dorsum of the foot between the malleoli. Zone 5 focuses on the lateral malleoli and the three important ligaments that make up the lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle joint. Zone 6 is the sinus tarsi, commonly involved in ankle sprains.
Presentation6 foot 6.pptx
This document describes palpating different areas of the foot. It examines the medial and lateral aspects of the bony foot structure. It also examines two soft tissue zones, zone 1 which involves the head of the first metatarsal bone and is relevant for conditions like gout and hallux valgus, and zone 2 which involves the navicular tubercle and talar head.
foot 4.pptx
Hallux rigidus is stiffness of the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint that may be caused by osteoarthritis. Splay foot is a deformity where the metatarsals are spread apart, while rocker bottom foot is when the forefoot is dorsiflexed and the arch may be absent. When observing a patient's standing and weight bearing, the examiner checks for equal weight distribution on both feet as well as the forefoot and hindfoot, notes any supination or pronation, has the patient walk on their heels and toes to assess muscle power and range of motion, and looks for the use of a cane which can decrease load on the ankle by one-third of body weight.
foot 3.pptx
The document provides instructions for performing a gait analysis and observing the feet and gait of a patient. Key steps include having the patient remove shoes and socks to observe their feet, analyzing their stride length, foot progression, posture, weight bearing, and looking for any deformities such as varus, valgus, or equinus. The overall goal is to identify issues in a patient's gait and perform a functional analysis of their walking pattern.
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The document discusses the major anatomical structures of the medial ankle and subtalar joint. The medial ankle is supported by the strong deltoid ligament complex. The subtalar joint is a synovial joint consisting of two modified oval surfaces with separate cavities. A full examination of the ankle and foot includes obtaining a history of present and past issues, medications, allergies, and lifestyle, as well as assessing gait, inspecting for injuries, checking range of motion, and performing special tests of the ankle and subtalar joints.
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The document provides information about a conference on neonatology being organized by the Department of Pediatrics at Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences in Bareilly from May 6-7, 2023. It includes a registration form seeking details from participants, information on registration fees and payment options. The program schedule provides an overview of the basic and advanced sessions over the two days covering topics like respiratory distress, transfusion guidelines, nutrition and sepsis. It lists the organizing committee and guest faculty. The institute and department details provide background about the medical college and tertiary care facilities for neonates.
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This document provides information about an upcoming conference on neonatology organized by the Department of Pediatrics at Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences in Bareilly, India. The two-day conference will cover basic and advanced topics in neonatology through lectures, workshops, demonstrations and paper presentations by expert faculty. It will provide postgraduate students and other delegates a comprehensive learning experience in neonatology. The program schedule outlines the topics and speakers for both days of the conference. The registration form at the end can be used by those interested to register and participate in the conference.
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This document is from D.A.V. Public School regarding an annual exam for Class VII students. It provides information on the subject of the exam, which is the second language Hindi. The document also lists the school name, address and class for which the exam is being conducted.
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Croup is a clinical diagnosis characterized by barking cough, hoarse voice, and inspiratory stridor caused most commonly by parainfluenza virus. It peaks in fall and winter in children ages 1-6 years. The pathogenesis involves subglottic inflammation and narrowing, which can lead to respiratory distress. Epinephrine and corticosteroids are effective treatments and reduce symptoms and need for hospitalization. While cool mist is not supported, epinephrine provides quick relief for 2 hours, and corticosteroids such as dexamethasone or inhaled budesonide improve symptoms for 6-12 hours and decrease hospital stays. Differentiating croup from other airway diseases such as epiglott
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- 2. Examination of foot and Ankle Dr Manoj Das Department of Orthopedics Institute Of Medicine , TUTH, Nepal
- 3. objectives • Assess • Diagnose • Treat
- 4. overvie w • The ankle and foot is a complex structure comprised of 28 bones (including 2 sesamoid bones) and 55 articulations (including 30 synovial joints), interconnected by ligaments and muscles • In addition to sustaining substantial forces, the foot and ankle serve to convert the rotational movements that occur with weight bearing activities into sagittal, frontal, and transverse movements
- 5. Anatomy • Anatomically and biomechanically, the foot is often subdivided into: • The rearfoot or hindfoot (the talus and calcaneus) • The midfoot (the navicular, cuboid and the 3 cuneiforms) • The forefoot (the 14 bones of the toes, the 5 metatarsals, and the medial and lateral sesamoids)
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