Catatan tentang aerotropolis sebagai salah satu bentuk pengembangan kota, dalam kaitannya dengan keberadaan bandara

Landasan Ilmiah
Catatan Tentang Aerotropolis
1

Concepts On The Development Of Airport Regions
2
TheAerotropolismodel
• Kuala Lumpur,
• Seoul (Incheon),
• Hong Kong
(Chek Lap Kok),
• Singapore
(Changi),
• Bangkok
(Suvarnabhumi). EfficientGatewayModel
• Frankfurt,
• Zurich.

Definisi
44Sumber : Aerotropolis: The Way We’ll Live Next? Interview with John D. Kasarda, ATLANTIS - MAGAZINE BY
POLIS - PLATFORM FOR URBANISM, #22.3 December 2011).
Aerotropolis
An aerotropolis is an
urban complex whose
layout, infrastructure
and economy are
centered on an airport.
Analogous in shape to the
traditional metropolis made up
of a central city and its rings of
commuter- heavy suburbs, the
aerotropolis consists of an
airport city core and outlying
corridors and clusters of
aviation-linked businesses and
associated residential
developments.
4

Perubahan Posisi Bandara Terhadap Kota
5

Evolusi Function dan Form Airport-Centric Commercial Development
6

Taoyuan Taiwan version of Airport City Schematic
88
8

Dalam Lingkup Makro/Regional
9
Peran Aerocity

Peran Bandara dalam Perekonomian Global
1. Perekonomian suatu negara terkait dengan perekonomian global melalui
kota-kota yang disebut sebagai :
a. World city.
b. Global city.
c. Alpha city.
2. Untuk berhubungan dengan perekonomian global tersebut. Salah satu hal
yang harus dimiliki negara tersebut adalah keberadaan kota, yang disebut
sebagai : airport city, aerotropolis atau airport corridor.
3. Kesuksesan bandara bergantung kepada faktor-faktor seperti :
a. Ketersediaan lahan untuk pengembangan di bandara.
b. Lokasi bandara dalam lingkup jaringan praarana wilayah.
c. Struktur sosial-ekonomi wilayah.
d. Kerangka kelembagaan pemerintahan setempat.
e. Kerangka perencanaan (planning framework).
10

Karakteristik Dasar Global City
1. Karakteristik Ekonomi.
2. Karakteristik Politis.
3. Karakteristik Budaya.
4. Karakteristik Prasarana.
Evaluasi peringkat untuk 4 kategori alpha city didasarkan atas : kegiatan bisnis,
SDM, pertukaran informasi, pengalaman budaya, dan kepastian politik.
11

Bandara Soekarno Hatta & BIJB
12
Bandara Kota Status Global City
Soekarno- Hatta Jakarta Alpha Minus
BIJB Majalengka/Bandung ?

1313
Peran Aero City/Aerotropolis
• Bentuk Urban Baru
• Rantai Permintaan Global
• “Internet”
• Bandara adalah ruter
• Bandara lebih dari sebatas infrastruktur
• Penerbangan
• Zona pertemuan
• Angkutan umum
• Kecepatan terhadap pasar
Termi
nal
Aerotropolis
Kota Bandara
Terminal
Kota Bandara
Aerotropolis
On AirportOn Airport
Off AirportOff Airport
Populasi
Kawasan
Pertumbuhan
Ekonomi
Tenaga
Kerja
Pariwisata
Kawasan

Dampak Ekonomi dari Penerbangan Komersial
Sumber : Looking in all the wrong places? Catalytic effects in the context of
product cycle theory.
Stephen J. Appold and John D. Kasarda
Dampak Langsung
Permintaan pemasukan perantara dan
hasil investasi dari aktivitas ekonomi di
kawasan bandara
Dampak Tidak Langsung
Produksi, tenaga kerja dan hasil
pendapatan dari lokasi pemesanan menuju
penjual oleh perusahaan di bandara
Dampak Pasti
Produksi, tenaga kerja, dan hasil pendapatan dari
• konsumsi belanja dari pendapatan oleh tenaga
kerja bandara
• Konsumsi belanja dari pendapatam oleh
pekerja pedagangan bandara
Dampak Keseluruhan
Dampak Katalis

Pengembangan Aerocity
15
Faktor Utama

Faktor Utama Pertumbuhan Kota Bandara
16
Bandara yang berfungsi sebagai katalis dan magnet untuk perkembangan
kegiatan bisnis di sekitarnya.
Kebutuhan sektor komersial akan lahan.
Pertumbuhan konstan penumpang dan kargo.
Sumber penerimaan yang tidak terkait kegiatan penerbangan.

Faktor Utama Pertumbuhan Kota Bandara
17
Kegiatan terkait dengan fungsi bandara.
Kegiatan berorientasi bandara.
Kegiatan terkait langsung dengan penerbangan.

1818
Airport City Success Factors
Sumber : Sustainable Airport Region, Managing Airport Cities: Benchmark Study 2008, Stephanie Betz 18

Airport City Success Factors
19
Sumber : Sustainable Airport Region, Managing Airport Cities: Benchmark Study 2008, Stephanie Betz
Kombinasi dari 8 faktor ini menentukan dalam penerapan, praktek, dan keberhasilan konsep Kota Bandara
Kerangka Kerja
Sistem Legal
Interaksi ahli perencana
Kondisi Keruangan
Persyaratan penerbangan/ non
penerbangan
ketersediaan
Fungsi Utama Bandara
Profil penerbangan
Posisi
Struktur Jaringan
Kondisi Infrastruktur
Dalam konteks kota/
kawasan
Hubungan lokal/
internasional
Struktur Pemegang
Saham
Dari operator bandara
Relasi negara/ kota
Kepemimpinan
Organisasi
kompetensi
Perencanaan dan
Budaya
Pengembangan
Perjanjian Pemegang
Saham/ Stakeholder
Visi dan Strategis
Kerja sama dan komunikasi
Faktor
Keberhasilan
Kota Bandara
5
4
3
2
1
7
6
8

Faktor Utama Pengembangan Aero City/Aerotropolis
Key Factors That Facilitate Airport-Centric Development
2020National Airspace System - Airport-centric Development
Kolaborasi
Stakeholder
Pengembangan
kawasan
Pengembangan
bandara
Sumber dana
Hubungan

1. Long-haul jet aircraft connecting people, products, and enterprises world-wide.
2. Supply chain processes where parts and components are manufactured in a half-dozen different
countries, assembled in a seventh country and distributed to a multitude of others.
3. The growth of world tourism.
4. “Must have it now” consumer age.
5. Air cargo was the primary driver.
6. Rapid passenger and cargo growth.
7. New economy products (typically small, light, compact, high value-to-weight parts, components
and assembled products) are increasingly shipped internationally by air in a fast and agile manner.
8. The huge volume of time-critical products (including perishables) such as micro-electronics,
pharmaceuticals, medical devices and aerospace equipment traversing international boundaries
by air annually has resulted in air cargo accounting for approximately 35% of the value of today’s
world trade.
9. In order to gain a competitive advantage through the speedy global supply-chain connectivity that
air cargo provides, high-tech manufacturers and other time-critical industries are locating at sites
around or accessible to well-connected airports.
10. As their suppliers and logistics providers co-locate, they drive additional investment and
employment growth in airport regions.
Faktor-Faktor Penggerak Perkembangan Aero City
21

Metodologi (Ideal)
Thinking Like Developers
2323
Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS &
HUMAN CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City
Real Estate Development Opportunities &
Challenges 23

Metodologi (Ideal)
Identifikasi Resiko
Rencana
Guna Lahan
Master
Plan
Rencana
Bisnis
Rencana
Marketing
Rencana
Manajemen
Resiko
Rencana Strategis Bandara
Rencana Pengembangan
dan Pelatihan
Rencana SDM= Perencanaan dan
Pengembangan
= Administrasi
= Bisnis/ Keuangan
Keterangan
24

Three Stages of Aerotropolis Planning
26

Integrated Aerotropolis Planning
27

Aerocity
28
Jenis Kegiatan di Dalam

Jenis Kegiatan di Aero City/Aerotropolis
Example of Air and Surface Connectivity Benefitting Manufacturing, Repair, and Training
29

Synopsis of Logistics Clusters
30

Synopsis of Logistics Clusters
3131
Perawatan
Pesawat
Perawatan
Pesawat
Perawatan
Kontainer
Pelayanan Logistik
Jalur
Udara
Jalur
Kapal
Transportasi
Darat
Gudang &
Penyimpanan
Penyediaan
Logistik
Instasi
Perawatan
Operasi Pelabuhan
Jabel Ali and Dubai Airport FZ
Authority
Operasi Kargo Bandara
UAE Customs
Agen pemerintah lainnya

Kegiatan Terkait Keberadaan Bandara
32
1. Core aeronautical activities are part of the
technical operation of the airport, directly
supporting the air traffic function.
1. Kegiatan inti
penerbangan.
2. A relation to air-freight or air-passenger
movements, (e.g., logistics and
distribution activities or terminal retail
and hotels). Their competitiveness and/or
business revenues are closely tied to the
scale of air traffic.irport-related activities
have a direct
2. Kegiatan terkait
dengan bandara
yang berhubungan
dengan pergerakan
penumpang dan
barang.
3. Airport-oriented activities choose the
airport area because of the image of the
airport and its typically excellent ground
accessibility. The price of land and
surface connectivity, rather than relation
to air traffic, are key the factors in
determining those activities locating in
the airport area.
3. Kegiatan
berorientasi
bandara.

3333
Rantai Keterkaitan Aktivitas Ekonomi

Alternatif Pembiayaan
Denver International Airport
3434
Challenges
DIA
Public Sector
City and Country of
Denver, City of Aurora
Brighton, Commerce City
Bennet, Adams County
State of Colorado
Land Owners
I.C. Fulenwider LNR, A&C,
Smith The Pauls Corp.
Prologis, Oakwood Homes
Majestic Realty Corp. et al
End Users
Developers, Investors,
Tenants, Customers, et al
Quasi – Governmental
Metro Denver EDC,
Commerce City ED, Adams
County ED Front Range
Airport, E-470 Highway
Authority DRCOG, RTD, DTP
et al
34

Denver’s Economic Clusters
3535
Challenges 35

Airport City Denver & Economic Clusters
3636
36
Challenges

Airport City Denver & Economic Clusters
3737
37

Rencana Tata Ruang Aerocity
38
Dasar-Dasar Penyusunan

Konsep Struktur Ruang
Analogous in shape to the traditional metropolis made up of a central city
core and its rings of commuter-heavy suburbs, the aerotropolis consists of
an airport-centred commercial core (airport city) and outlying corridors and
clusters of aviation-linked businesses and associated residential
development.
39

Konsep Pola Ruang
1. The Aerotropolis incorporates aviation-linked business and industrial clusters at and around
airports and along airport access corridors.
2. The aerotropolis has both spatial and functional forms. Its spatial form consists of aviation- oriented
businesses and their associated residential developments which cluster around airports and
outward along connecting transport corridors generating observable physical features. The
functional form consists of a more diffuse airport-integrated economic region whose businesses are
as closely linked to distant suppliers, custom ers, and enterprise partners as they are to those in
their own region.
3. Corporate headquarter functions. The full-range of office services and business support staff of a
traditional corporate complex are available, including meeting rooms, computers and advanced
telecom, secretarial and tech assistance.
4. Retail mall concepts have been merged into passenger terminals. Airport property beyond the
terminal is being developed with hotel and entertainment facilities, conference and exhibition
complexes, shopping centers, office buildings, and logistics and free trade zones. Airports also
frequently offer complementary sets of facilities for airport and airline employees (such as day care
centers and health clinics), as well as commercially serve residents in the local market area.
5. Cluster, rather than strip development, should be encouraged along airport transportation corridors
with sufficient green space between clusters. Residential mixed-use developments for airport area
workers and frequent air travelers should be designed to human scale, encouraging social
interaction and sense of neighborhood. In short, aerotropolis development and “smart growth”
should go hand-in-hand.
40

1. Air cargo hub.
2. Multimodal air logistics hub.
3. Good surface transportation accessibility exists to the airport area.
4. Rapid ground connectivity to much of the region and beyond is
provided by the inter city rail station underneath the complex.
5. Dedicated airport expressway links (aerolanes) and high-speed
airport express trains (aerotrains) should efficiently connect airports
to business and residential clusters, near and far. Special truck-only
lanes should be added to airport expressways, as should improved
interchanges to reduce congestion.
Konsep Sistem Transportasi
4141

1. Isu Kebisingan
2. Isu Keamanan dan Keselamatan
a. Tall Structures (Bangunan Tinggi)
b. Visual Obstructions and Electronic Interference (Gangguan Pandangan dan
Pengaruh Elektronik)
1) Debu
2) Silau
3) Pancaran Cahaya
4) Asap, Uap dan Kabut
c. Serangan Burung dan Satwa Liar
Isu Pengembangan Pola Ruang
42

4343
Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Perumahan
Jenis Guna Lahan Perumahan
Kerentanan
Kebisingan
Pusat
Aktivitas
Ketinggian
Struktur
Gambaran
Halangan
Kehidupan Liar
dan Atraksi Burung
Rumah tunggal
Rumah tunggal (tergabung dan
terpisah)
P KP TP KP KP
Rumah susun (seperti dua atau lebih unit tempat tinggal dalam bangunan tunggal, apartemen seperti
kondominium, elder, assisted living, townhouse)
Kepadatan rendah (level 1-3) P KP TP KP KP
Kepadatan menengah (level 4-12) P P KP P KP
Kepadatan tinggi (level 13 atau
lebih)
P P P P KP
Kelompok tempat tinggal (assisted
living, kelompok fasilitas, bangunan
perawatan dan renovasi, kelompok
rumah tunggal)
P P KP P KP
Taman Perumahan P P TP KP P
P = Pengaruh
KP = Kemungkinan Pengaruh
TP = Tidan Berpengaruh
Sumber : Mead & Hunt Ins.
Sumber : Airport City, http://ebooks.narotama.ac.id/files/Airport%20Engineering-
Planning,%20Design,%20and%20Development%20of%2021st%20Century%20Airports%20(4th%20E
dition)/Chapter%2016%20Airport%20City.pdf
43

4444
Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola Ruang
Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Perdagangan
Jenis Guna Lahan Komersial
Kerentanan
Kebisingan
Pusat
Aktivitas
Ketinggian
Struktur
Gambaran
Halangan
Kehidupan Liar dan
Atraksi Burung
Aktivitas Komersil
Penyedia Makanan dan Minuman P P KP KP P
Pelayanan Kendaraan TP KP TP KP KP
Perkantoran (bisnis, pemerintahan, spesialis, kesehatan, atau lembaga keuangan)
Kepadatan rendah (Level 2 -3) P KP TP KP KP
Kepadatan menengah (level 3 – 12) P P KP KP KP
Kepadatan tinggi (level 12 lebih) P P P KP P
Retail (pedagangan, lease, atau rentalan)
Sales-oriented KP KP KP KP KP
Pelayanan P KP KP KP P
Perbaikan/ renovasi P KP TP KP KP
Perhotelan (hotel, motel, convention centre,
gedung pertemuan, fasilitas pertunjukan)
P P KP KP KP
Kepadatan rendah (Level 2 -3) P P P P P
Kepadatan menengah (level 3 – 12) KP KP TP KP KP
Kepadatan tinggi (level 12 lebih) KP P KP KP KP
Gudang terbuka dan display KP KP TP KP KP
Pelayanan umum (terminal bus, stasiun, dan taxi) KP P KP KP KP
Bengkel (bengkel, pertokoan, toko ban) TP KP TP KP KP
P = Pengaruh
44

Tabel Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Industri
4545
Guna Lahan
Kerentanan
Kebisingan
Pusat
Aktivitas
Ketinggian
Struktur
Gambaran
Halangan
Kehidupan Liar
dan Atraksi
Burung
Aktivitas Industri/ Manufaktur
Kawasan Pelayanan Industri (industry bubut,
perbaikan barang, pergudangan, dsb)
TP P KP KP KP
Kawasan Produksi dan Manufaktur (manufaktur, proses, pabrik, perakitan)
Manufaktur Teknik KP P KP P KP
Manufaktur Umum TP P KP P KP
Manufaktur Berat TP KP P P P
Pengolahan dan Pertambangan TP KP TP P P
Operasi Penyela-matan (firma pengumpulan,
penyimpanan, dan pembongkaran kendaraan,
mesin – mesin, peralatan, dan material bangunan)
TP TP KP KP KP
Penyimpanan / Per-gudangan Industri (gudang
kecil/ fasilitas gudang)
TP TP TP KP KP
Kargo (pusat distrbusi, pergud-angan/ kargo, dsb) TP KP KP KP KP
Pembuangan (pusat daur ulang, pembuangan
sampah, pusat transfer sampah, kompos, dsb)
TP TP KP P P
Grosiran (diskon, persewaan, atau rental barang
untuk industri, institusi, atau investasi)
TP TP TP KP KP
P = Pengaruh
45

Tabel Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Institusi
4646
Guna Lahan
Kerentanan
Kebisingan
Pusat
Aktivitas
Ketinggian
Struktur
Gambaran
Halangan
Kehidupan Liar dan
Atraksi Burung
Aktivitas Institusi
Universitas dan Sekolah Tinggi P P P P P
Pelayanan Komunitas (publik, non profit, atau
lembaga sosial)
Pelayanan komunitas umum (perpustakaan,
museum, pusat transit, TOD)
P P KP P P
Pelayanan komunitas khusus (persinggahan) P KP TP KP KP
Penitipan anak (perawatan anak, perawatan
remaja, PAUD)
P P TP P P
Penahanan (penjara, pusat rehabilitasi) P P KP P P
Fasilitas Pendidikan (negeri dan swasta)
Fasilitas pendidikan umum (SD negeri dan
swasta/ MI, SMP/MTS, dan SMA/MA serta
asrama dan pendidikan militer)
P P P P P
Fasilitas pendidikan khusus (perekonomian,
bisnis, atau kursus, tanpa gelar)
P P KP KP KP
Rumah sakit (rumah sakit, klinik) P P P P P
Perkumpulan agama (kris-tiani, Hindustani,
sinagog, muslim, masonik, dsb)
P P P P KP
P = Pengaruh
46

Tabel Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Prasarana dan Transportasi
4747
Guna Lahan
Kerentanan
Kebisingan
Pusat
Aktivitas
Ketinggian
Struktur
Gambaran
Halangan
Kehidupan Liar dan
Atraksi Burung
Aktivitas pelayanan infrastruktur
Utilitas dasar (cabang jaringan, jaringan
elektrik, sanitasi dan gorong-gorong, menara
air)
TP TP KP P P
Fasilitas transmisi komunikasi (pemancar,
nirkabel, tower darurat, dan antenna)
TP TP P P KP
Perparkiran (besmen, struktur parkir) TP KP P KP KP
Transportasi (jalan raya, jalan antar kota,
jalan lokal, dan jalan nasional)
TP KP TP KP TP
Utilitas (pembangkit tenaga listrik, generator
angin, dan turbin)
TP TP P P TP
P = Pengaruh
47

Tabel Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Pertanian dan Ruang Terbuka
4848
Guna Lahan
Kerentanan
Kebisingan
Pusat
Aktivitas
Ketinggian
Struktur
Gambaran
Halangan
Kehidupan Liar
dan Atraksi Burung
Aktivitas Pertanian dan Ruang Terbuka
Pertanian (pengolahan tanaman dan lumbung)
Hubungan hewan dan tumbuhan TP TP KP TP P
Hubungan permukiman (gudang bahan
bakar/ fasilitas pemompaan,
pembongkaran dan pengupasan,
perdagangan hasil tani)
P TP KP KP P
Banjir TP TP TP TP P
Sumber air (air permukaan)
Sumber daya buatan (pertambangan dan
ekstraksi, kolam penam-pungan air, lahan
basah)
TP TP TP P P
Sumber daya alami (danau, kolam, padang
rumput, sungai, kali, lahan basah)
TP TP TP P P
Kawasan perlindungan hewan P KP TP P P
P = Pengaruh
48

Tabel Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Olahraga dan Rekreasi
4949
Guna Lahan
Kerentanan
Kebisingan
Pusat
Aktivitas
Ketinggian
Struktur
Gambaran
Halangan
Kehidupan Liar
dan Atraksi
Burung
Aktivitas taman dan hiburan
Hiburan komersil (fasilitas latihan fisik, rekreasi, dan budaya)
Aktivitas di luar (perkemahan, fasilitas
tenis/berenang, bioskop terbuka, skatting,
paviliun)
P KP KP P KP
Aktivitas dalam ruangan (fitness, klub
kesehatan, bowling, skatting, billiard, taman
bermain, teater tertutup)
KP P KP P KP
Golf (lintasan golf, lapangan golf mini) P TP TP KP P
Utilitas (taman bermain, lintasan balap,
arena olah raga)
P P P P P
Taman (aquatic, fasilitas olah raga kawasan,
keber-tentanggaan, seko-lah, komunitas)
P KP P KP KP
Kasino TP P KP P P
49

Dalam Pengembangan Aerocity
50
Hal-Hal Yang Perlu Diwaspadai

Hal-Hal Yang Harus Diwaspadai
5151
2
The opportunities or constraints to
aerotropolis roll-out are determined by
natural ecological factors, surface
transportation infrastructure,
ownership of land parcels, labor force
characteristics, and local governance
structures.
1
Aerotropolis has to be more than a
“build it and they will come” airport
dream. Success rests on market
realities and adequate air service.
51

Tantangan
Lack of alignment between airport, city and regional planning;
Lack of integrated forward-looking spatial planning and joint-agreements;
Lack of coordination between different levels of government and other stakeholders;
Blighted conditions where small-scale older uses have been disenfranchised from
wider improvement coalitions;
Competition, conflict and confusion between local authorities over development
philosophies and planning controls;
Equitable financing of infrastructure provision;
Traffic congestion at airports stimulated by airport-related commercial activity;
Uncertainty regarding optimal character of on- and near-airport commercial
development; and
Resistance from ’high street‘ traders and local municipalities to expansion of retailing
at airports.
Persoalan Terkait Pola Ruang
52
Sumber : The planning of airport regions and National Aviation Policy Issues and challenges in Australia
2008-2009, Robert Freestone and Douglas Baker.

Pengembangan Aerocity
53
Diagram Konsep

Safety and Navigation Implications
55

A City Airport Becomes an Airport City
59

Konsep Pengembangan
60
Perumusan

1. Develop a multi-jurisdictional strategy
2. Plan primarily for airport related uses
3. Develop airport compatible uses
4. Concentrate development
5. Preserve natural areas
6. Develop sustainably
7. Provide connectivity
8. Encourage mixed-use development
9. Encourage infill development
10. Make places, not sprawl.
Development Principles
Pittsburgh International Airport
61

Conceptual Development Program
Pittsburgh International Airport
 Flex and distribution
 Bonded warehouses
 Freight forwarders
 Free trade zone assembly and
shipping
 Just-in-time electronics repairs
 Just-in-time manufacturing
 Technology companies
 information technology
 robotics
 bio-medical
 Energy
 Satellite university campuses
 Hospitals and trauma centers
 Aerotropolis support services and
uses
 hotels
 entertainment
 conference centers
 retail and food
 mixed income housing
 Headquarters
 International
 National
 Regional
 E-Fulfillment centers
 Destination entertainment
 R & D parks
 Corporate campuses
62

Proposed Business Environment
Piedmont Triad Aerotropolis
63

Di DalamAerocity
64
Rincian Jenis Kegiatan

1. Improving transportation capacity whether by highway or rail. There are
those who believe that limiting capacity limits travel. That may be true but
the congestion caused by limited capacity causes more emissions than
adequate capacity.
2. Minimizing the needed ground movement. With the increase in especially
business air travel, airports have become an important part of the
metropolitan movement equation.
3. Per movement aircraft emissions and noise are generally decreasing but
planning air routes and land use in combination can still reduce exposure.
Basic Design Principles for an Aerotropolis
65

1. Pengembangan kawasan komersial yang pesat di dan di sekitar gerbang bandara menjadikan
kegiatan tersebut sebagai generator pertumbuhan perkotaan dan menjadikan bandara sebagai :
a. pusat lapangan pekerjaan yang penting,
b. kawasan perbelanjaan,
c. perdagangan, serta
d. destinasi bisnis,
serta bandara membangun sebuah “brand image” tersendiri untuk menarik kegiatan bisnis yang
tidak berkaitan dengan kebandarudaraan.
2. Sifat alami dari pasar lokal dalam kegiatan industri dan komersial memiliki peran penting dalam
keberlangsungan kota bandara dan kegiatan di dalamnya.
3. Area di sekitar bandara juga dapat menarik kegiatan bisnis, pekerja-pekerja profesional dan
penduduk yang lebih banyak dibanding dengan área lain, pembangunan kegiatan komersial di
dalam kawasan bandara merefleksikan kebutuhan dari pekerjaan, pekerja dan penduduk terhadap
pelayanan yang disediakan oleh bisnis yang berbasis bandara. pelayanan-pelayanan tersebut
meliputi pelayanan perumahan, rekreasi, kuliner, perdagangan, kesehatan, penitipan anak dan
dokter hewan.
Proses Perkembangan Aerocity
66

4. Kebutuhan–kebutuhan untuk kegiatan bisnis yang berbasis pada bandara saat ini disediakan di
dalam kawasan campuran (mixed use) yang luas di dalam área bandara, sebagai sentra
pembangunan metropolitan. Pergeseran ini membuat pembangunan kota bandara sebagai model
perencanaan kreartif dan atribut-atribut managemen yang berbeda.
a. Perkantoran dan Kegiatan Bisnis, meliputi Kawasan Bisnis
b. Logistik dan Distribusi, meliputi Freight Forwarding, 3 PL’s, Flow-thru
c. Produksi Barang, meliputi Kawasan Industri.
Proses Perkembangan Aerocity
67

Aerotropolis menjadi generator utama pengembangan kawasan karena
merupakan kawasan cepat tumbuh berbasis bandara atau sering disebut airport-
centric commercial development. Kawasan ini menciptakan secara mandiri :
1. significant employment,
2. shopping,
3. trading,
4. business meeting,
5. entertainment, and
6. leisure destinations,
sehingga menjadi kota handal dan menjadi daya tarik global (melalui airplane
network) dan lokal (melalui multimodal lokal).
Jenis Kegiatan di Dalam Aerocity
68

Daftar Kegiatan Komersial Kota Bandara
1. Pertokoan
2. Restoran
3. Kegiatan entertainmen dan kebudayaan
4. Hotel dan akomodasinya
5. Bank dan penukaran mata uang asing
6. Gedung Perkantoran
7. Convention and exhibition centers
8. Hiburan, rekreasi dan pusat kebugaran
9. Logistik dan distribusi
10. Pengawetan makanan dan pendinginan
11. Katering dan kuliner
12. Perdagangan bebas dan sejenisnya
13. Lapangan golf
14. Factory outlets
15. Pelayanan keluarga, seperti klinik kesehatan dan penitipan anak
69

1. Kegiatan di dalam kota bandara :
a. Pelayanan konsumen.
b. Kawasan perdagangan, meliputi pertokoan.
c. Real estate, meliputi perkantoran, hotel dan bongkar muat.
d. Multi moda, meliputi taxi, trem, bus dan kereta api.
e. Infrastruktur terminal, meliputi terminal.
f. Infrastruktur dasar, meliputi jalan raya.
2. Kegiatan di luar kota bandara :
a. Hotel dan penginapan.
b. Kegiatan pertemuan, meliputi eksibisi dan konferensi.
c. Kegiatan perdagangan, meliputi pusat perbelanjaan.
Skema Tipe Kegiatan Kota Bandara
70

Penerjemahan “Penggerak” Menjadi “Kegiatan”
71

Tahapan Pengembangan Berdasarkan Sumber Pembiayaan
He advises them on how to achieve the “Airport City’s Triple Bottom Line.”
 The first point is that major airports now receive more of their revenue from
nonaeronautical sources than from aeronautical sources.
 Secondly, rapid commercial development at and around major airports
transforms them into leading urban growth generators as airport areas
become significant employment, shopping, and business destinations in their
own right.
 The airport area finally develops a “brand image” attracting even non-airport
linked businesses.
Thus, Kasarda is advocating for nothing less than creating whole new airport-
themed urban zones within regions.
Sumber : Aerotropoli, The Logic of Globalization and the Rise of Dr. John Kasarda, By John Patrick Good Globalization
Spaces Final Research Paper December 18, 2007
73

Sumber Pembiayaan
74
For those communities whose Airport has taken a lead role in the creation of an Aerotropolis, those efforts are also
primarily, if not entirely, funded by that Airport. In these communities, the very active marine port authorities in those
communities compliment the economic development efforts coordinated by their airports.
State and Federal grants/tax incentives.
Large scale private developers.
Combination of Public and Private sector financial contributions.
Airport-lead, Airport-funded.
These Aerotropolis communities have benefitted from vast tracts of available, developable land and the participation of a
few real estate developers. These developers have privately financed. large scale communities, business parks,
industrial facilities, and logistics parks where there once was desert or farmland.
In those communities where private sector involvement is strong and available land is at a premium, companies and
units of government have made financial contributions to the Aerotropolis organization operating in that community.
For a number of Aerotropolis communities, the ability to offer tax incentives or the award of grant money has been given
by the State or Federal Government.
Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN CAPITAL
CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate Development
Opportunities & Challenges

Non-Airline Revenue Target
7575
Challenges

Hierarchy of Airport Participation
7676
Challenges 76

Implementation & Governance
7777
Challenges 77

Airport Management/Development Models
7878
Challenges 78

Penyusun
Nama :Ir. Fitri Indra Wardhono
Pendidikan :Sarjana Teknik Strata Pertama Bidang Teknik
Planologi
Email :fitriwardhono@yahoo.com
Blog :fitriwardhono.wordpress.com

Catatan tentang aerotropolis sebagai salah satu bentuk pengembangan kota, dalam kaitannya dengan keberadaan bandara

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Catatan tentang aerotropolis sebagai salah satu bentuk pengembangan kota, dalam kaitannya dengan keberadaan bandara