The document describes the anatomy and physiology of the human lens and different types of cataracts. It discusses the causes, symptoms, signs, and stages of various cataracts. Treatment options covered include non-surgical management with corrective lenses and surgery using techniques such as intracapsular cataract extraction, extracapsular cataract extraction, small incision cataract surgery, and phacoemulsification. Preplacement testing and postoperative care are also outlined.

1. •Presented by-Ankita Bandyopadhyay

3.  Transparent,Bi-convex,Crystalline,
 Structure of lens
Lens capsule
Anterior lens epithelium
Lens fibres(cortex)
Nucleus.
 Dimensions
Diameter- 9-10 mm
Thickness – 3.5 mm (birth) – 5 mm (adult).
Radius of Curvature-10mm(anterior) and 6mm(posterior)
 Refractive Index-1.39
 Total Diopter-18D
 Accommodative Power-14-16D(at birth),7-8D(at 25 yrs),1-2D(at 50 yrs)

4.  It is the development of any opacity in the
lens or its capsule.
 The cataract must cause a significant
reduction in visual acuity or visual
impairment.

7.  Congenital and Developmental Cataract
 Congenital Capsular Cataract
Anterior capsular Cataract
Posterior Capsular Cataract
 Polar Cataract
Anterior Polar Cataract
Posterior Polar Cataract
 Nuclear Cataract
Total Nuclear Cataract
 Lamellar Cataract
 Sutural Cataract
 Generalized Cataract
Coronary Cataract
Blue Dots Cataract
Total Congenital Cataract

8.  Acquired Cataract
 Age related Cataract
 Diabetic Cataract
 Complicated Cataract
 Drugs Induced Cataract
 Electric Cataract

9.  Age
 Sex
 Heredity
 Ultraviolet Radiation
 Dietery Factor
 Smoking

10. With IncreasingAge (senility)
Decrease in the function of active
transport pump mechanism of lens
Reduced Oxidative Reaction
Reversal of Na+/K+ Ratio
Decreased Level Of Amino Acids
Hydration of Lens Fibres Decreased Synthesis of Proteins in Lens Fibres
Denaturation Of Lens Protein
Opacification Of Cortical Lens Fibres

12.  Stages Of Lamellar Separation
 Stages Of InicipientCataract
 Immature Senile Cataract
 Mature SenileCataract
 Hypermature SenileCataract
 Morgagnian Hypermature Cataract
 ScleroticType Hypermature Cataract

13.  Symtoms
Glare
Colored Halos
Black Spots in front of eye
Image blurs,distortion of images and misty vision
Loss ofVision
o Central Opacities
o Peripheral Opacities
o Nuclear Sclerosis

14.  Signs
Visual AcuityTesting
Oblique Illumination Examination
Test For Iris Shadow
Distant Direct Ophthalmoscopic Examination
Slit Lamp Examination

15. Anterior Polar Cataract Posterior Polar Cataract
Immature Cataract Mature Cataract

16. GradingofNucleusHardnessonslitlampbiomicroscopy
Grade 1 Soft White or Greenish
yellow
Grade 2 Soft-Medium Yellowish
Grade 3 Medium-Hard Amber
Grade 4 Hard Brownish
Grade 5 Ultra hard (Rock –
Hard)
Blackish

17.  Uveitis
 Lens-InducedGlaucoma
 Subluxation or Dislocation of Lens
 Enophthalmitis.

18.  Non-Surgical Measures
 Treatment of the cause of cataract
 Measures to delay progression
 Measures to improve vision the presence of incipitient and
immature cataract
Refraction
Arrangement of illuminition
Use dark google
Mydriatics
 Surgical Management
 Visual Improvement
 Medical Indication
 Cosmetic Indication

19.  General Medical Examination
 Ocular Examination
Visual Status Assessment
Pupils
Anterior Segment Assessment
Intraocular Pressure(IOP)
Examination of lids,conjunctiva and lacrimal Apparatus
Fundus Examination
Macular Function test
Objective test for evaluation retina
Keratometry and Biometry

20.  Consent
 Scrub,bath,care of hair.
 Preoperative antibiotics and disinfectant
 IOP lowering
 Mydriasis

21.  IntracapsularCataract Extraction(ICCE)
 Extracapsular Cataract Extraction(ECCE)
 Small Incision Cataract Surgery(SICS)
 Phacoemulsification