Cataract
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The document describes the anatomy and physiology of the human lens and different types of cataracts. It discusses the causes, symptoms, signs, and stages of various cataracts. Treatment options covered include non-surgical management with corrective lenses and surgery using techniques such as intracapsular cataract extraction, extracapsular cataract extraction, small incision cataract surgery, and phacoemulsification. Preplacement testing and postoperative care are also outlined.
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This document discusses cataracts in pediatric patients. It defines cataracts and classifies them as congenital or acquired. Congenital cataracts can be bilateral or unilateral and are often caused by genetic mutations, metabolic disorders, infections, or other ocular anomalies. Acquired cataracts have systemic or ocular disease causes, or result from drugs or trauma. Evaluation of pediatric cataracts involves examining for associated conditions and screening for underlying causes. Visually significant cataracts requiring surgery are defined. Surgery aims to prevent permanent vision loss, though postoperative care is important. A team approach is needed for congenital cataract management.
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1. Cataracts are opacities or cloudiness in the lens of the eye that impair vision. They are most commonly age-related but can be caused by eye injuries, medical conditions like diabetes, or exposure to radiation.
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- The morphology and classification of different types of pediatric cataracts such as punctate, zonular, nuclear, and anterior capsular cataracts.
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DISEASE OF CRYSTALLINE LENS, CATARACTpptx
These occur due to some disturbance in the normal growth of the lens.
When the disturbance occurs before birth, the child is born with a congenital cataract.
Developmental cataract may occur from infant to adult.
Congenital and developmental opacities are very common (same appearance).
These are detected with the beam of slit lamp under full mydriasis.
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This document provides an overview of myopia, including its definition, classification, etiology, optics, clinical varieties, diagnosis and treatment. It defines myopia as a refractive error where parallel rays come to focus in front of the retina. Myopia is classified into congenital, simple/developmental, pathological and acquired types. Etiologies include axial elongation, changes in corneal or lenticular curvature. Clinical varieties include mild intermittent to severe pathological myopia with retinal degeneration. Treatment involves optical correction with glasses or contacts, and refractive surgery options like LASIK.
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Abc's of vision impairments and communication styles
This document provides information about various vision impairments and methods of communication for people who are deaf-blind. It discusses conditions such as cataracts, retinal detachment, retinitis pigmentosa, Usher syndrome, macular degeneration, and glaucoma. It also outlines communication styles including close range, far range, tactile, tracking, Tadoma, Braille, and print on palm or back. Finally, it lists important considerations for interpreters such as mobility, seating, lighting, and participation.
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This document discusses various refractive errors of the eye including emmetropia, ametropia, myopia, hypermetropia, and astigmatism. It provides details on the etiology, classification, signs, symptoms, and treatment options for each condition. Key points include:
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1. Myopia, also known as near-sightedness, occurs when rays of light focus anterior to the retina. It can be caused by disturbances in eye growth and degenerative changes, increased axial length and corneal curvature, or changes in the lens.
2. There are several types of myopia, including congenital, simple, and pathological. Pathological myopia tends to progress more rapidly and severely, especially in women, Jews, Japanese, and those who do close work.
3. Symptoms of myopia include indistinct distant vision, black spots, discomfort after near work, and flashes of light. Signs include a large pupil, prominent eye, and possible retinal damage or tearing seen on
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This document discusses myopia (nearsightedness), including its definition, types, causes, signs and symptoms, complications, and treatment options. The main types of myopia are axial, curvatural, and index myopia. Causes include genetics, excessive eye growth, and changes in the eye's shape or refractive index. Signs include prominent eyeballs and myopic degeneration in advanced cases. Treatments include glasses, contact lenses, refractive surgery such LASIK, and low vision aids for severe vision loss.
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This document provides information on cataracts, including their definition, causes, classification, symptoms, stages of senile cataract development, and surgical management. It defines a cataract as any opacity in the lens or its capsule. Cataracts can be developmental or acquired and have various causes including age, genetics, trauma, toxins, UV rays, nutritional deficiencies, diabetes, smoking, and corticosteroids. Surgical management is indicated to improve vision or for medical reasons when cataracts cause issues like glaucoma or retinal diseases.
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Cataract.pptx
Gross Anatomy & Physiology of Eye
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Cataract
- 3. Transparent,Bi-convex,Crystalline, Structure of lens Lens capsule Anterior lens epithelium Lens fibres(cortex) Nucleus. Dimensions Diameter- 9-10 mm Thickness – 3.5 mm (birth) – 5 mm (adult). Radius of Curvature-10mm(anterior) and 6mm(posterior) Refractive Index-1.39 Total Diopter-18D Accommodative Power-14-16D(at birth),7-8D(at 25 yrs),1-2D(at 50 yrs)
- 4. It is the development of any opacity in the lens or its capsule. The cataract must cause a significant reduction in visual acuity or visual impairment.
- 7. Congenital and Developmental Cataract Congenital Capsular Cataract Anterior capsular Cataract Posterior Capsular Cataract Polar Cataract Anterior Polar Cataract Posterior Polar Cataract Nuclear Cataract Total Nuclear Cataract Lamellar Cataract Sutural Cataract Generalized Cataract Coronary Cataract Blue Dots Cataract Total Congenital Cataract
- 8. Acquired Cataract Age related Cataract Diabetic Cataract Complicated Cataract Drugs Induced Cataract Electric Cataract
- 9. Age Sex Heredity Ultraviolet Radiation Dietery Factor Smoking
- 10. With IncreasingAge (senility) Decrease in the function of active transport pump mechanism of lens Reduced Oxidative Reaction Reversal of Na+/K+ Ratio Decreased Level Of Amino Acids Hydration of Lens Fibres Decreased Synthesis of Proteins in Lens Fibres Denaturation Of Lens Protein Opacification Of Cortical Lens Fibres
- 12. Stages Of Lamellar Separation Stages Of InicipientCataract Immature Senile Cataract Mature SenileCataract Hypermature SenileCataract Morgagnian Hypermature Cataract ScleroticType Hypermature Cataract
- 13. Symtoms Glare Colored Halos Black Spots in front of eye Image blurs,distortion of images and misty vision Loss ofVision o Central Opacities o Peripheral Opacities o Nuclear Sclerosis
- 14. Signs Visual AcuityTesting Oblique Illumination Examination Test For Iris Shadow Distant Direct Ophthalmoscopic Examination Slit Lamp Examination
- 15. Anterior Polar Cataract Posterior Polar Cataract Immature Cataract Mature Cataract
- 16. GradingofNucleusHardnessonslitlampbiomicroscopy Grade 1 Soft White or Greenish yellow Grade 2 Soft-Medium Yellowish Grade 3 Medium-Hard Amber Grade 4 Hard Brownish Grade 5 Ultra hard (Rock – Hard) Blackish
- 17. Uveitis Lens-InducedGlaucoma Subluxation or Dislocation of Lens Enophthalmitis.
- 18. Non-Surgical Measures Treatment of the cause of cataract Measures to delay progression Measures to improve vision the presence of incipitient and immature cataract Refraction Arrangement of illuminition Use dark google Mydriatics Surgical Management Visual Improvement Medical Indication Cosmetic Indication
- 19. General Medical Examination Ocular Examination Visual Status Assessment Pupils Anterior Segment Assessment Intraocular Pressure(IOP) Examination of lids,conjunctiva and lacrimal Apparatus Fundus Examination Macular Function test Objective test for evaluation retina Keratometry and Biometry
- 20. Consent Scrub,bath,care of hair. Preoperative antibiotics and disinfectant IOP lowering Mydriasis
- 21. IntracapsularCataract Extraction(ICCE) Extracapsular Cataract Extraction(ECCE) Small Incision Cataract Surgery(SICS) Phacoemulsification