Casting السباكة
سماح التشغيل
هو سماح ضاف إلى أبعاد النموذج لتعويض ما يلزم إزالته من المعدن من سطح المسبوك الناتج بعمليات التنظيف والتشغيل المختلفة التي تجرى على المسبوكات بعد إتمام عملية الصب.
سباكة المعادن وأنواعها
شرح لأنواع السباكة وخطوات عملية السباكة الرملية والأدوات المستخدمة في عملية السباكة الرملية وشرح لأنواع القوالب المستخدمة في السباكة ومميزاتهم وكذلك شرح لأنواع الرمال المستخدمة وتحديد أشكالها وحجمها وأهم الأدوات المستخدمة في عملية السباكة والنماذج من القوالب وكيفية تشكيلها وأيضا سماحتها وكيفية تشكيل الدلاليك وأنواعها وأهميتها
ونوع رمال الدليك وكيفية تحديده
أهمية السباكة بالرمال وكيفية تنفيذها وما هو الدليك
السباكة بالرمال
القوالب
سباكة المعادن
الدلاليك
أنواع السباكة
Casting
Types of Moulding sand
سباكة المعادن وأنواعها
شرح لأنواع السباكة وخطوات عملية السباكة الرملية والأدوات المستخدمة في عملية السباكة الرملية وشرح لأنواع القوالب المستخدمة في السباكة ومميزاتهم وكذلك شرح لأنواع الرمال المستخدمة وتحديد أشكالها وحجمها وأهم الأدوات المستخدمة في عملية السباكة والنماذج من القوالب وكيفية تشكيلها وأيضا سماحتها وكيفية تشكيل الدلاليك وأنواعها وأهميتها
ونوع رمال الدليك وكيفية تحديده
أهمية السباكة بالرمال وكيفية تنفيذها وما هو الدليك
السباكة بالرمال
القوالب
سباكة المعادن
الدلاليك
أنواع السباكة
Casting
Types of Moulding sand
سباكة المعادن وأنواعها
شرح لأنواع السباكة وخطوات عملية السباكة الرملية والأدوات المستخدمة في عملية السباكة الرملية وشرح لأنواع القوالب المستخدمة في السباكة ومميزاتهم وكذلك شرح لأنواع الرمال المستخدمة وتحديد أشكالها وحجمها وأهم الأدوات المستخدمة في عملية السباكة والنماذج من القوالب وكيفية تشكيلها وأيضا سماحتها وكيفية تشكيل الدلاليك وأنواعها وأهميتها
ونوع رمال الدليك وكيفية تحديده
أهمية السباكة بالرمال وكيفية تنفيذها وما هو الدليك
السباكة بالرمال
القوالب
سباكة المعادن
الدلاليك
أنواع السباكة
Cores are used in casting to produce hollow spaces or internal features. There are different types of cores classified by their material, production process, or placement in the mold. Dry sand cores are made separately from the mold using core sand, then baked to harden. Key steps in core production are preparing core sand, making the cores using a core box, baking the hardened cores, and finishing before placement in molds. Cores allow castings to have complex internal or recessed features.
The document discusses the process of sand casting. It begins by defining foundry and casting as the process of producing metal parts by pouring molten metal into a prepared mold. It then provides terminology used in casting such as flask, pattern, parting line, pouring basin, sprue, runner, riser, gate, core, and chaplets. The steps of sand casting are outlined as making the pattern, preparing sand mixtures, making the mold and cores, melting metal, pouring, cleaning, inspecting, and heat treating. Common casting materials and applications are also listed.
Shell moulding is an efficient and economical casting method that involves making a thin shell of sand and resin on a heated pattern. The pattern is then removed, leaving the shell to be used as a mould. Investment casting, also called lost-wax casting, is an ancient process used to produce complex shapes. It involves making a wax pattern, coating it, and then melting out the wax to leave a cavity that is filled with molten metal. Pressure die casting injects molten metal into a die under high pressure and is suitable for low melting point metals like zinc.
The document discusses casting as a manufacturing process. It provides details on the casting process, including the basic steps of placing a pattern in sand to create a mold, filling the mold with molten metal, and allowing the metal to cool. It also discusses casting terminology like patterns, flasks, cores, and risers. Different types of patterns are described, along with factors that affect pattern material selection.
This document discusses various types of casting defects including their causes and remedies. It describes defects such as mismatch, misrun, cold shuts, shrinkage cavities, blow holes, porosity, hot tears, metal penetration, pin holes, swell, drop, and rat tails/buckles. The document explains that casting defects occur due to issues in the casting process involving gases, moulding materials, pouring metal, and metallurgy. Remedies involve modifications to the gating system, pouring process, sand properties, alloy composition and casting design.
سباكة المعادن وأنواعها
شرح لأنواع السباكة وخطوات عملية السباكة الرملية والأدوات المستخدمة في عملية السباكة الرملية وشرح لأنواع القوالب المستخدمة في السباكة ومميزاتهم وكذلك شرح لأنواع الرمال المستخدمة وتحديد أشكالها وحجمها وأهم الأدوات المستخدمة في عملية السباكة والنماذج من القوالب وكيفية تشكيلها وأيضا سماحتها وكيفية تشكيل الدلاليك وأنواعها وأهميتها
ونوع رمال الدليك وكيفية تحديده
أهمية السباكة بالرمال وكيفية تنفيذها وما هو الدليك
السباكة بالرمال
القوالب
سباكة المعادن
الدلاليك
أنواع السباكة
Casting
Types of Moulding sand
سباكة المعادن وأنواعها
شرح لأنواع السباكة وخطوات عملية السباكة الرملية والأدوات المستخدمة في عملية السباكة الرملية وشرح لأنواع القوالب المستخدمة في السباكة ومميزاتهم وكذلك شرح لأنواع الرمال المستخدمة وتحديد أشكالها وحجمها وأهم الأدوات المستخدمة في عملية السباكة والنماذج من القوالب وكيفية تشكيلها وأيضا سماحتها وكيفية تشكيل الدلاليك وأنواعها وأهميتها
ونوع رمال الدليك وكيفية تحديده
أهمية السباكة بالرمال وكيفية تنفيذها وما هو الدليك
السباكة بالرمال
القوالب
سباكة المعادن
الدلاليك
أنواع السباكة
Casting
Types of Moulding sand
سباكة المعادن وأنواعها
شرح لأنواع السباكة وخطوات عملية السباكة الرملية والأدوات المستخدمة في عملية السباكة الرملية وشرح لأنواع القوالب المستخدمة في السباكة ومميزاتهم وكذلك شرح لأنواع الرمال المستخدمة وتحديد أشكالها وحجمها وأهم الأدوات المستخدمة في عملية السباكة والنماذج من القوالب وكيفية تشكيلها وأيضا سماحتها وكيفية تشكيل الدلاليك وأنواعها وأهميتها
ونوع رمال الدليك وكيفية تحديده
أهمية السباكة بالرمال وكيفية تنفيذها وما هو الدليك
السباكة بالرمال
القوالب
سباكة المعادن
الدلاليك
أنواع السباكة
Cores are used in casting to produce hollow spaces or internal features. There are different types of cores classified by their material, production process, or placement in the mold. Dry sand cores are made separately from the mold using core sand, then baked to harden. Key steps in core production are preparing core sand, making the cores using a core box, baking the hardened cores, and finishing before placement in molds. Cores allow castings to have complex internal or recessed features.
The document discusses the process of sand casting. It begins by defining foundry and casting as the process of producing metal parts by pouring molten metal into a prepared mold. It then provides terminology used in casting such as flask, pattern, parting line, pouring basin, sprue, runner, riser, gate, core, and chaplets. The steps of sand casting are outlined as making the pattern, preparing sand mixtures, making the mold and cores, melting metal, pouring, cleaning, inspecting, and heat treating. Common casting materials and applications are also listed.
Shell moulding is an efficient and economical casting method that involves making a thin shell of sand and resin on a heated pattern. The pattern is then removed, leaving the shell to be used as a mould. Investment casting, also called lost-wax casting, is an ancient process used to produce complex shapes. It involves making a wax pattern, coating it, and then melting out the wax to leave a cavity that is filled with molten metal. Pressure die casting injects molten metal into a die under high pressure and is suitable for low melting point metals like zinc.
The document discusses casting as a manufacturing process. It provides details on the casting process, including the basic steps of placing a pattern in sand to create a mold, filling the mold with molten metal, and allowing the metal to cool. It also discusses casting terminology like patterns, flasks, cores, and risers. Different types of patterns are described, along with factors that affect pattern material selection.
This document discusses various types of casting defects including their causes and remedies. It describes defects such as mismatch, misrun, cold shuts, shrinkage cavities, blow holes, porosity, hot tears, metal penetration, pin holes, swell, drop, and rat tails/buckles. The document explains that casting defects occur due to issues in the casting process involving gases, moulding materials, pouring metal, and metallurgy. Remedies involve modifications to the gating system, pouring process, sand properties, alloy composition and casting design.
Rapid prototyping technologies allow engineers to create physical prototypes of designs prior to full production. The document discusses the rapid prototyping process which involves:
1. Creating a CAD model and converting it to STL format.
2. Slicing the STL file into thin layers and constructing the prototype layer-by-layer using different techniques like stereolithography, selective laser sintering, or fused deposition modeling.
3. Post-processing the prototype by removing supports, cleaning, and finishing the surface.
Specific rapid prototyping methods like stereolithography, selective laser sintering, and fused deposition modeling are described in detail. The document also discusses applications and limitations of rapid
Datum Features:
Functional datum, datum for manufacturing, changing the datum;examples.
Component Design:
Design features to facilitate machining: drills, milling cutters, keyways, Doweling procedures, counter sunk screws, Reduction of machined area, simplification by separation, simplification by amalgamation, Design for machinability, Design for economy, Design for clampability, Design for accessibility. Design for assembly
Rapid prototyping and tooling techniques allow for the quick fabrication of prototypes and tools with minimal lead time based on CAD models. Stereolithography is one of the earliest techniques and works by curing liquid photopolymer resin layer-by-layer with a laser. Multijet modeling is similar but uses inkjet print heads to deposit photopolymer layers. Selective laser sintering works by using a laser to sinter powder materials layer-by-layer. Fused deposition modeling extrudes thermoplastic filaments layer-by-layer. Together these additive techniques provide fast and flexible options for prototyping and manufacturing.
اشهر 30 سؤال من اسئلة المقابلات الشخصيه فى الهندسه التنفيذيه Karim Gaber
برعاية بلوج مهندس مدني تحت الانشاء
http://engineer-underconstruction.blogspot.com/2016/07/construction.engineering.interview.questions.html
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الاجابات النموذجيه لأشهر 30 سؤال فى المقابلات الشخصيه فى هندسة التنفيذ
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السؤال الأول:-
--------------
"إيه الفرق بين الميدة و السمل و الشداد من حيث الوظيفه و الأحمال و التسليح و المنسوب ؟"
السؤال الثانى:-
--------------
أكيد كلنا عارفين طبعاً إننا بنقاوم إجهادات الضغط باستخدام الخرسانه و إجهادات الشد باستخدام الحديد.. السؤال بقى.. "ليه بنحط حديد تسليح في الأعمدة مع أنها معرضه لقوى ضغط و ليس قوى شد؟"
السؤال الثالث:-
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ليه بنصب الخوازيق أعلى من المنسوب اللي محتاجينه بمتر و بعدين نرجع نكسر رؤوس الخوازيق من تاني... ليه مابنصبش فقط الإرتفاع اللي إحنا محتاجينه من الأول على طول..؟
السؤال الرابع:-
--------------
"لو عندنا سقف فلات سلاب سمك البلاطه 25 سم و حديد التسليح المستخدم للشبكه العلويه قطر 12 مم و للشبكه السفليه قطر 16 مم - إحسب ارتفاع الكرسي...؟ "
السؤال الخامس:-
--------------
"فاصل الصب في الخرسانه بيكون عند الزيرو شير ولا عند الزيرو مومنت..؟ و ليه..؟
السؤال السادس :-
--------------
"حديد الفرش بيكون في الإتجاه القصير ولا الإتجاه الطويل لكل من (القواعد المنفصله- القواعد المشتركه- اللبشه- البلاطات السوليد سلاب- البلاطات الفلات سلاب)؟
السؤال السابع:-
--------------
"هل محاور المبنى (الأكسات) تكون في منتصف (القواعد أم الأعمدة أم الحوائط)؟"
السؤال الثامن:-
-------------
" يعني إيه المصطلحات دي في الموقع: (ضفدعه- عصفورة- خنزيرة- حمار- حصان- رجل غراب- ديل يمامه- ظهر حيه- جمل- سمكه- نحله- فراشه- فارة- سنجابي- بلبل) ؟ "
السؤال التاسع:-
--------------
"إمتى تكون كمرة داخليه في سقف تسليحها الرئيسي فوق و الثانوي تحت..؟"
السؤال العاشر:-
--------------
" إزاي بنظبط بياض محارة الأعمدة الدائريه..؟ "
السؤال الحادى عشر:-
--------------
" هل ينفع نوصل أشاير العمود في منتصف إرتفاع العمود ولا لأ؟ و ليه؟ "
السؤال الثانى عشر:-
--------------
"احسب طول السيخ المستخدم لعمل كانه لكمره 70* 25..؟ "
السؤال الثالث عشر
The document discusses the key characteristics and preparation methods for core sands used in metal casting. Core sands must have strength, permeability, thermal stability, and collapsibility. They are prepared using silica sand and can be bonded with sodium silicate, oil, or resin. Cores can be produced through green sand, dry sand, or hardened processes like CO2 or hot box. Common core types include horizontal, vertical, cover, balanced, drop, and kiss cores which are positioned differently in the mold. Core boxes are used to form cores and come in various styles.
To prepare a green sand mould for the solid, split patternSalman Jailani
Experiment 2 aims to prepare a green sand mould for a solid, split pattern casting. The procedure involves cleaning tools and surfaces, filling and ramming the drag half with green sand around the round pattern piece. The cope is then positioned on top and filled with green sand, ramming it smooth. The pattern is then removed after applying water to the edges, leaving the mould cavity. Vent holes and a pouring gate are added to complete the mould, resulting in a mould cavity that matches the solid, split pattern.
Hydroforming is a manufacturing process that uses fluid pressure to form hollow metal parts with complex geometries. There are two types: tube hydroforming uses pressurized fluid to reshape tubing inside a die, while sheet hydroforming forces sheet metal into a die cavity using fluid or press action. Hydroforming is used in automotive, sanitary, and aerospace applications to create parts with tight tolerances, fewer welds, and reduced weight. Design considerations include part geometry, material properties, die design, and pressure capabilities. Hydroforming allows for innovative part designs but has high equipment costs and slow cycle times.
الدليل الشامل للأشراف على تنفيذ الخوازيق الخرسانيه - كريم سيد جابرKarim Gaber
برعاية : مدونة مهندس مدنى تحت الإنشاء
http://engineer-underconstruction.blogspot.com.eg
لتحميل الملف
http://engineer-underconstruction.blogspot.com.eg/2015/08/blog-post.html
لدليل الشامل للأشراف على تنفيذ الخوازيق الخرسانيه
الاساسات العميقه - الخوازيق
انواع الخوازيق من حيث نظرية العمل
انواع الخوازيق من حيث التصميم
انواع الخوازيق من حيث التكوين
المراحل الاساسيه لعملية تنفيذ الخوازيق
المرحله الاولي : تجهيز المستندات واللوحات
اولا : تقرير الجسات - investigation Report Geotechnical
ثانيا : اللوحات الإنشائية للخوازيق - Structural Drawings for Piles
ثالثا : المواصفات الفنية الخاصة للمشروع
المرحله الثانيه : تجهيز موقع العمل قبل البدء بتنفيذ الخوازيق
اولاً : اعمال الحفر
ثانياً : توقيع وتحديد اماكن الخوازيق
ثالثاً : تجهيز القفص الحديدي
رابعا: تجهيز المعدات المستخدمه اثناء تنفيذ الخوازيق
المرحله الثالثه : حفر وصب الخوازيق
اولاً : تنفيذ الخوازيق بأستخدام ماكينة الاستراوس
ثانياً : تنفيذ الخوازيق بواسطة ماكينة النصف ميكانيكيه
ثالثاً: خطوات حفر الخوازيق بواسطة ماكينة الـ C.F.A فى التربة المتماسكه
رابعاً :خطوات حفر الخوازيق بطريقة الـحفر الدوار – Bored Piles فى التربة الرخوه
خامسا: ملاحظات على خوازيق سند الجار
سادساً : اعداد وتنفيذ الخازوق التجريبي
المرحلة الرابعه:مراجعة و اجراء الاختبارات على الخوازيق
اولاً: اختبار الالترا سونيك - Altrasonic
ثانيا: اختبار التحميل –Loading Test
المرحلة الخامسه
اولاً : تجهيز المعدات المستخدمه لحفر المرحله الثانيه وتكسير رؤوس الخوازيق
ثانيا: البدء فى اعمال الحفر وصب هامة الخوازيق
The document discusses mechanics of chip formation in machining. It describes two simplified geometric models - the orthogonal and oblique cutting models. The orthogonal model involves a tool with a rake and clearance angle where the cutting edge is perpendicular to the cutting direction. Chip formation occurs through primary and secondary shear zones. Different types of chips are also described including continuous, discontinuous, those with built-up edge, and serrated chips which depend on factors like material properties and cutting conditions.
This document provides an overview of selective laser sintering (SLS), a 3D printing technique that uses a laser to fuse powdered material together layer by layer. It defines SLS, describes the basic multi-step process, and lists common input parameters and materials used. The document outlines key advantages like lack of support structures and fast printing, as well as limitations such as prints being brittle and prone to warping. A variety of applications are mentioned, including aerospace, medical, electronics, and automotive uses.
The document discusses CNC part programming, including manual part programming formats and an example program for turning a part. It covers the input data and codes used in manual programming, such as sequence numbers, preparatory functions, coordinates, feed and spindle functions. Four common formats for manual programming are described: fixed sequential, block address, tab sequential and word address. An example word address program for a turning operation is provided.
Forging processes involve shaping metals by applying compressive forces. There are four main types: hammer/drop forging uses gravity impacts, press forging uses hydraulic or mechanical presses, and open-die and closed-die forging differ in whether dies fully contain the metal. Forging increases strength by working the metal and altering its microstructure. Proper die and process design are needed to control metal flow, fill dies completely, and minimize flash and defects. Die materials must withstand thermal and mechanical stresses, while coatings can extend die life.
Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, involves building 3D objects layer by layer from digital models. The document discusses the current state and future potential of 7 additive manufacturing processes, including stereolithography, material jetting, binder jetting, material extrusion, powder bed fusion, sheet lamination, and directed energy deposition. It also identifies gaps in technology, materials, design, modeling, and education/training that must be addressed for additive manufacturing to become more widely used for mass production. Recommendations include increased collaboration between universities and industry to advance the technology and reduce costs.
The document describes an additive manufacturing course, including its textbooks, learning outcomes, and modules. Specifically:
- The course covers additive manufacturing processes using polymers, powders, and nanomaterials. Students will analyze characterization techniques and describe NC/CNC programming and automation.
- Module 1 introduces additive manufacturing, covering its evolution, processes, classifications, post-processing, guidelines for process selection, and applications.
- The module discusses the additive manufacturing process chain from CAD to part build and removal, and classifies AM into liquid polymer, particle, molten material, and solid sheet systems.
Pattern allowances are extra material added to patterns to account for shrinkage and other factors during the casting process. Patterns are larger than the final casting size. Allowances include shrinkage allowance for metal contraction, machining allowance for finishing, and draft allowance so patterns can be easily removed from molds. Proper allowances and pattern design can minimize defects and costs in metal casting.
Rapid prototyping technologies allow engineers to create physical prototypes of designs prior to full production. The document discusses the rapid prototyping process which involves:
1. Creating a CAD model and converting it to STL format.
2. Slicing the STL file into thin layers and constructing the prototype layer-by-layer using different techniques like stereolithography, selective laser sintering, or fused deposition modeling.
3. Post-processing the prototype by removing supports, cleaning, and finishing the surface.
Specific rapid prototyping methods like stereolithography, selective laser sintering, and fused deposition modeling are described in detail. The document also discusses applications and limitations of rapid
Datum Features:
Functional datum, datum for manufacturing, changing the datum;examples.
Component Design:
Design features to facilitate machining: drills, milling cutters, keyways, Doweling procedures, counter sunk screws, Reduction of machined area, simplification by separation, simplification by amalgamation, Design for machinability, Design for economy, Design for clampability, Design for accessibility. Design for assembly
Rapid prototyping and tooling techniques allow for the quick fabrication of prototypes and tools with minimal lead time based on CAD models. Stereolithography is one of the earliest techniques and works by curing liquid photopolymer resin layer-by-layer with a laser. Multijet modeling is similar but uses inkjet print heads to deposit photopolymer layers. Selective laser sintering works by using a laser to sinter powder materials layer-by-layer. Fused deposition modeling extrudes thermoplastic filaments layer-by-layer. Together these additive techniques provide fast and flexible options for prototyping and manufacturing.
اشهر 30 سؤال من اسئلة المقابلات الشخصيه فى الهندسه التنفيذيه Karim Gaber
برعاية بلوج مهندس مدني تحت الانشاء
http://engineer-underconstruction.blogspot.com/2016/07/construction.engineering.interview.questions.html
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الاجابات النموذجيه لأشهر 30 سؤال فى المقابلات الشخصيه فى هندسة التنفيذ
--------------------------------------------------
السؤال الأول:-
--------------
"إيه الفرق بين الميدة و السمل و الشداد من حيث الوظيفه و الأحمال و التسليح و المنسوب ؟"
السؤال الثانى:-
--------------
أكيد كلنا عارفين طبعاً إننا بنقاوم إجهادات الضغط باستخدام الخرسانه و إجهادات الشد باستخدام الحديد.. السؤال بقى.. "ليه بنحط حديد تسليح في الأعمدة مع أنها معرضه لقوى ضغط و ليس قوى شد؟"
السؤال الثالث:-
--------------
ليه بنصب الخوازيق أعلى من المنسوب اللي محتاجينه بمتر و بعدين نرجع نكسر رؤوس الخوازيق من تاني... ليه مابنصبش فقط الإرتفاع اللي إحنا محتاجينه من الأول على طول..؟
السؤال الرابع:-
--------------
"لو عندنا سقف فلات سلاب سمك البلاطه 25 سم و حديد التسليح المستخدم للشبكه العلويه قطر 12 مم و للشبكه السفليه قطر 16 مم - إحسب ارتفاع الكرسي...؟ "
السؤال الخامس:-
--------------
"فاصل الصب في الخرسانه بيكون عند الزيرو شير ولا عند الزيرو مومنت..؟ و ليه..؟
السؤال السادس :-
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"حديد الفرش بيكون في الإتجاه القصير ولا الإتجاه الطويل لكل من (القواعد المنفصله- القواعد المشتركه- اللبشه- البلاطات السوليد سلاب- البلاطات الفلات سلاب)؟
السؤال السابع:-
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"هل محاور المبنى (الأكسات) تكون في منتصف (القواعد أم الأعمدة أم الحوائط)؟"
السؤال الثامن:-
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" يعني إيه المصطلحات دي في الموقع: (ضفدعه- عصفورة- خنزيرة- حمار- حصان- رجل غراب- ديل يمامه- ظهر حيه- جمل- سمكه- نحله- فراشه- فارة- سنجابي- بلبل) ؟ "
السؤال التاسع:-
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"إمتى تكون كمرة داخليه في سقف تسليحها الرئيسي فوق و الثانوي تحت..؟"
السؤال العاشر:-
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" إزاي بنظبط بياض محارة الأعمدة الدائريه..؟ "
السؤال الحادى عشر:-
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" هل ينفع نوصل أشاير العمود في منتصف إرتفاع العمود ولا لأ؟ و ليه؟ "
السؤال الثانى عشر:-
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"احسب طول السيخ المستخدم لعمل كانه لكمره 70* 25..؟ "
السؤال الثالث عشر
The document discusses the key characteristics and preparation methods for core sands used in metal casting. Core sands must have strength, permeability, thermal stability, and collapsibility. They are prepared using silica sand and can be bonded with sodium silicate, oil, or resin. Cores can be produced through green sand, dry sand, or hardened processes like CO2 or hot box. Common core types include horizontal, vertical, cover, balanced, drop, and kiss cores which are positioned differently in the mold. Core boxes are used to form cores and come in various styles.
To prepare a green sand mould for the solid, split patternSalman Jailani
Experiment 2 aims to prepare a green sand mould for a solid, split pattern casting. The procedure involves cleaning tools and surfaces, filling and ramming the drag half with green sand around the round pattern piece. The cope is then positioned on top and filled with green sand, ramming it smooth. The pattern is then removed after applying water to the edges, leaving the mould cavity. Vent holes and a pouring gate are added to complete the mould, resulting in a mould cavity that matches the solid, split pattern.
Hydroforming is a manufacturing process that uses fluid pressure to form hollow metal parts with complex geometries. There are two types: tube hydroforming uses pressurized fluid to reshape tubing inside a die, while sheet hydroforming forces sheet metal into a die cavity using fluid or press action. Hydroforming is used in automotive, sanitary, and aerospace applications to create parts with tight tolerances, fewer welds, and reduced weight. Design considerations include part geometry, material properties, die design, and pressure capabilities. Hydroforming allows for innovative part designs but has high equipment costs and slow cycle times.
الدليل الشامل للأشراف على تنفيذ الخوازيق الخرسانيه - كريم سيد جابرKarim Gaber
برعاية : مدونة مهندس مدنى تحت الإنشاء
http://engineer-underconstruction.blogspot.com.eg
لتحميل الملف
http://engineer-underconstruction.blogspot.com.eg/2015/08/blog-post.html
لدليل الشامل للأشراف على تنفيذ الخوازيق الخرسانيه
الاساسات العميقه - الخوازيق
انواع الخوازيق من حيث نظرية العمل
انواع الخوازيق من حيث التصميم
انواع الخوازيق من حيث التكوين
المراحل الاساسيه لعملية تنفيذ الخوازيق
المرحله الاولي : تجهيز المستندات واللوحات
اولا : تقرير الجسات - investigation Report Geotechnical
ثانيا : اللوحات الإنشائية للخوازيق - Structural Drawings for Piles
ثالثا : المواصفات الفنية الخاصة للمشروع
المرحله الثانيه : تجهيز موقع العمل قبل البدء بتنفيذ الخوازيق
اولاً : اعمال الحفر
ثانياً : توقيع وتحديد اماكن الخوازيق
ثالثاً : تجهيز القفص الحديدي
رابعا: تجهيز المعدات المستخدمه اثناء تنفيذ الخوازيق
المرحله الثالثه : حفر وصب الخوازيق
اولاً : تنفيذ الخوازيق بأستخدام ماكينة الاستراوس
ثانياً : تنفيذ الخوازيق بواسطة ماكينة النصف ميكانيكيه
ثالثاً: خطوات حفر الخوازيق بواسطة ماكينة الـ C.F.A فى التربة المتماسكه
رابعاً :خطوات حفر الخوازيق بطريقة الـحفر الدوار – Bored Piles فى التربة الرخوه
خامسا: ملاحظات على خوازيق سند الجار
سادساً : اعداد وتنفيذ الخازوق التجريبي
المرحلة الرابعه:مراجعة و اجراء الاختبارات على الخوازيق
اولاً: اختبار الالترا سونيك - Altrasonic
ثانيا: اختبار التحميل –Loading Test
المرحلة الخامسه
اولاً : تجهيز المعدات المستخدمه لحفر المرحله الثانيه وتكسير رؤوس الخوازيق
ثانيا: البدء فى اعمال الحفر وصب هامة الخوازيق
The document discusses mechanics of chip formation in machining. It describes two simplified geometric models - the orthogonal and oblique cutting models. The orthogonal model involves a tool with a rake and clearance angle where the cutting edge is perpendicular to the cutting direction. Chip formation occurs through primary and secondary shear zones. Different types of chips are also described including continuous, discontinuous, those with built-up edge, and serrated chips which depend on factors like material properties and cutting conditions.
This document provides an overview of selective laser sintering (SLS), a 3D printing technique that uses a laser to fuse powdered material together layer by layer. It defines SLS, describes the basic multi-step process, and lists common input parameters and materials used. The document outlines key advantages like lack of support structures and fast printing, as well as limitations such as prints being brittle and prone to warping. A variety of applications are mentioned, including aerospace, medical, electronics, and automotive uses.
The document discusses CNC part programming, including manual part programming formats and an example program for turning a part. It covers the input data and codes used in manual programming, such as sequence numbers, preparatory functions, coordinates, feed and spindle functions. Four common formats for manual programming are described: fixed sequential, block address, tab sequential and word address. An example word address program for a turning operation is provided.
Forging processes involve shaping metals by applying compressive forces. There are four main types: hammer/drop forging uses gravity impacts, press forging uses hydraulic or mechanical presses, and open-die and closed-die forging differ in whether dies fully contain the metal. Forging increases strength by working the metal and altering its microstructure. Proper die and process design are needed to control metal flow, fill dies completely, and minimize flash and defects. Die materials must withstand thermal and mechanical stresses, while coatings can extend die life.
Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, involves building 3D objects layer by layer from digital models. The document discusses the current state and future potential of 7 additive manufacturing processes, including stereolithography, material jetting, binder jetting, material extrusion, powder bed fusion, sheet lamination, and directed energy deposition. It also identifies gaps in technology, materials, design, modeling, and education/training that must be addressed for additive manufacturing to become more widely used for mass production. Recommendations include increased collaboration between universities and industry to advance the technology and reduce costs.
The document describes an additive manufacturing course, including its textbooks, learning outcomes, and modules. Specifically:
- The course covers additive manufacturing processes using polymers, powders, and nanomaterials. Students will analyze characterization techniques and describe NC/CNC programming and automation.
- Module 1 introduces additive manufacturing, covering its evolution, processes, classifications, post-processing, guidelines for process selection, and applications.
- The module discusses the additive manufacturing process chain from CAD to part build and removal, and classifies AM into liquid polymer, particle, molten material, and solid sheet systems.
Pattern allowances are extra material added to patterns to account for shrinkage and other factors during the casting process. Patterns are larger than the final casting size. Allowances include shrinkage allowance for metal contraction, machining allowance for finishing, and draft allowance so patterns can be easily removed from molds. Proper allowances and pattern design can minimize defects and costs in metal casting.
Nonlinear integral control for dc motor speed control with unknown and variab...Saif al-din ali
This document discusses nonlinear integral control for DC motor speed control with unknown and variable external torque. It begins with an introduction to DC motors and common speed control techniques. It then provides the basic model of a DC motor and derives the transfer function. It discusses nonlinear control systems and elements like saturation, deadband, and friction. It describes methods for solving nonlinear transient responses, nonlinear system stability, and provides a Simulink model example comparing PI and P controller performance for speed and error. References for DC motor speed control and optimization of PI controllers are also provided.
The document provides design specifications for a mechanical system that uses pulleys, gears, a shaft, and bearings. It includes details on the power input and output requirements for different components, material properties, and design considerations. The author is tasked with designing: 1) Pulleys B and K with a belt to transmit power from pulley K to B; 2) Spur gears C and G to transmit 65% of power; 3) Helical gears E and H to transmit the remaining power; 4) The shaft connecting the components; 5) Bearings A and D to support the shaft. Calculations and checks are required to validate the design meets stress, wear, and reliability requirements.
Evaluation of thermal performance of a typical vapor compression refrigeratio...Saif al-din ali
This document describes an experiment conducted to evaluate the thermal performance of a typical vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The objectives were to learn about the components and analyze the cycle. Readings were taken of various temperatures and pressures. Calculations were done to determine compressor work, refrigeration effect, and coefficient of performance. Questions were asked about how to increase COP, the influence of temperatures, detecting refrigerant leaks, processes in the condenser, and functions of cycle components.
Refrigeration air conditioning laboratory Moist Air Properties and Air-Condi...Saif al-din ali
This document describes an experiment analyzing the properties of moist air using an air conditioning laboratory unit. Measurements of dry and wet bulb temperature were taken at different sections of the unit as air passed through a humidifying and preheating section and reheating section. The experimental results demonstrated how air conditioning processes can condition air to desired levels of temperature and humidity for occupant comfort regardless of external conditions. Calculations using psychrometric charts and equations were performed to determine air properties at each section.
Characteristics of a simply converging nozzle through which steam is passesSaif al-din ali
1. The document describes experiments conducted on converging and converging-diverging nozzles. It discusses the theory behind how these nozzles work and how properties like pressure and velocity change within the nozzles.
2. Calculations are shown for the mass flow rate through the nozzles under different pressure ratios. The critical pressure ratio where the nozzle becomes choked is also calculated.
3. Results show the mass flow rate and critical pressure ratio for two test cases of varying inlet pressures.
This document summarizes an experiment conducted on a steam condenser to evaluate its thermal operation under co-current and counter-current modes. It includes an abstract, introduction, apparatus description, calculations and results from testing the condenser under parallel and counter flow with constant pressure and steam flow rate. Charts show changes in temperature, heat transfer rate, efficiency and overall heat transfer coefficient for each test configuration.
Performance of the four strokes diesel engineSaif al-din ali
This document describes an experiment to study the performance of a four-stroke diesel engine at various speeds. It includes the objective to analyze the effect of speed on engine parameters. The document outlines the test procedure which involves taking readings like speed, torque, temperature and fuel consumption at different water flows through the dynamometer to vary the engine speed. Calculations are shown to determine values like power, efficiency, air-fuel ratio based on the experimental readings. Results are presented in a table for one engine speed setting as an example.
The document discusses internal combustion (I.C.) engines. It begins by outlining the objective of identifying types of I.C. engines, their parts, and how each part works. It then provides classifications of I.C. engines and lists their major components. The working principles of four-stroke and two-stroke engines are explained, including diagrams of their cycles. Key aspects covered are intake, compression, combustion, power and exhaust strokes in four-stroke engines and the use of crankcases and ports to enable intake and exhaust in two strokes.
This document describes an experiment on flow system control. The objectives are to obtain the system characteristics like peak overshoot, rise time, and settling time. It introduces PID controllers and discusses their proportional, integral and derivative modes. The theory section explains the transfer function of a PID controller and the effects of the P, I, and D terms. It also describes second-order system responses. The apparatus section lists the steps to operate the flow system and record the response. Calculations are shown to determine the system response based on the controller terms.
This document describes an experiment performed on a DC motor to determine its steady state gain. Measurements were taken of the motor's angular velocity and input voltage over time. The steady state gain (Ks) was calculated from these measurements for both the motor and generator configurations. Ks was found to be 7.36356 rpm/V on average for the motor and 5.596616 rpm/V for the generator. A proportional relationship between voltage and angular velocity was observed from the plotted data. The DC motor model and experimental results showed some non-linear behavior, likely due to load and operating conditions.
1. The document discusses experiments performed on converging and converging-diverging nozzles.
2. Converging nozzles accelerate fluid flow to supersonic speeds at the nozzle exit, while converging-diverging nozzles can accelerate fluids to both subsonic and supersonic regimes depending on pressure ratios.
3. Calculations are shown for mass flow rates through a nozzle at different pressure ratios using theoretical equations.
performance of the four strokes diesel engineSaif al-din ali
This document describes an experiment to test the performance of a four-stroke diesel engine at varying speeds. It includes sections on the objective, engine performance, test procedure, calculations, results, and discussion. The objective is to study the effect of engine speed on performance parameters. The test procedure involves varying the engine speed using a water dynamometer and recording speed, torque, temperatures, and fuel consumption. Calculations are presented for power, specific fuel consumption, air-fuel ratio, efficiencies, and heat losses. Results are reported for two engine speeds.
The document discusses internal combustion (I.C.) engines. It begins by identifying the objective of understanding I.C. engine types, parts, and how each part works. It then provides classifications of I.C. engines based on application, design, cycle, valves/ports, fuel type, ignition, combustion chamber, load control, and cooling. Details are given on common engine components and how four-stroke and two-stroke engines operate through intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes. In conclusion, the document provides a discussion question about writing a short report on I.C. engines.
The document describes an experiment on flow system control using a PID controller. The objectives are to obtain the system characteristics like overshoot, rise time, settling time, period, and transport delay. It introduces PID controllers and how they work in a closed loop system using proportional, integral, and derivative modes. The apparatus section outlines the experimental setup, which uses a flow system with a square wave input and adjustable setpoint and proportional gain. Calculations are shown for analyzing the system response based on these parameters.
Using the convergent steam nozzle type in the entranceSaif al-din ali
This document discusses using a convergent steam nozzle in the entrance region of a steam turbine. It provides background on steam turbines and how they work, describing how steam is expanded through nozzles to convert heat energy to kinetic energy. It then discusses different types of steam nozzles, focusing on convergent nozzles, and how nozzle shape affects steam velocity and pressure distribution. A numerical simulation will be performed to analyze pressure and velocity within a simple convergent nozzle design.
The document discusses different types of hybrid vehicles. It describes the key components of a gasoline-electric hybrid car, including a gasoline engine, fuel tank, electric motor, generator, batteries, and transmission. Hybrid vehicles are classified into three main types: micro hybrids, which have a motor to assist with starting and accessories; mild hybrids, which have a more powerful motor to support starting and provide supplementary torque; and full hybrids, where the electric motor can power the vehicle on its own as well as charge via regenerative braking.
Nonlinear integral control for dc motor speed controlSaif al-din ali
This document discusses nonlinear integral control for DC motor speed control with unknown and variable external torque. It begins with an introduction to DC motors and common speed control techniques. It then provides the basic model of a DC motor and derives the transfer function. It discusses nonlinear control systems and elements like saturation, deadband, and friction. It describes methods for solving nonlinear transient responses, nonlinear system stability, and provides a Simulink model example comparing PI and P controller performance for speed and error. References for DC motor speed control and optimization of PI controllers are also provided.
This document discusses Prandtl-Meyer expansion fans in compressible fluid flow. It begins with an example problem involving a flow with a Mach number of 3. It then derives the governing equations for Prandtl-Meyer expansion fans mathematically. Several examples are worked through demonstrating how to calculate flow properties after an expansion wave using the Prandtl-Meyer function. The document concludes by discussing the maximum turning angle achievable with an expansion fan and assigning homework problems.
1) The document discusses oblique shock waves in compressible fluid flow, providing equations for continuity, momentum, and energy that must be satisfied across an oblique shock.
2) It derives an equation to relate the shock angle θ to the freestream Mach number M1 and wedge angle β, allowing calculation of flow properties downstream.
3) The total downstream Mach number M2 is expressed in terms of Mn2 and Mt2 using geometric arguments.
This document presents explicit analytical solutions for pressure across oblique shock and expansion waves in supersonic flow. It begins by introducing the need for explicit pressure-deflection solutions in solving aerodynamic problems. It then presents:
1) Exact explicit solutions for pressure coefficient and ratio across weak and strong oblique shock waves as functions of deflection angle.
2) Third-order accurate explicit unitary solutions for pressure coefficient and ratio across oblique shocks and expansions as functions of deflection angle.
3) Numerical validation showing good agreement of the new explicit solutions with exact solutions for a range of Mach numbers and deflection angles.