Case Western: water and sanitation in emergency settings
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This document discusses water and sanitation infrastructure and behavior change which are critical in emergency settings. It provides an overview of various water supply, treatment, collection, storage and disposal options. These include groundwater wells, rainwater harvesting, surface water, and different methods of water disinfection like boiling, iodine, filters, and chlorination. The document also outlines sanitation infrastructure including solid and liquid waste collection, transportation and disposal systems. Other concerns discussed are vectors, environmental management, fire protection, and education programs.
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Water treatment and supply
Water treatment involves several processes to remove impurities from water sources before public supply. These include screening, coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, aeration, and disinfection using methods like chlorination. Water can also be stored using rainwater harvesting systems that collect rainwater or greywater reuse systems that treat wastewater from sinks and washing machines for non-potable uses like toilet flushing. Factors like available water collection, required storage amounts, and costs must be considered for rainwater harvesting systems. Greywater systems vary in treatment complexity and usually include a tank, pump, and distribution system.
Sewage treatment recycling
Sewage undergoes 4 stages of treatment to remove contaminants:
1) Physical treatment separates solids and grease.
2) Biological treatment uses bacteria to break down organic matter and remove nutrients.
3) Filtration removes remaining impurities using reverse osmosis membranes.
4) Disinfection with chlorine or ozone kills remaining bacteria before water is released or reused.
Water treatment for domestic water supply
Melbourne Water supplies potable water to Melbourne through a treatment process and distribution system. It treats water from protected catchment areas with disinfection only, while water from open catchment areas requires additional filtration due to public access. Melbourne Water owns reservoirs that store treated water before gravity or pumping distributes it through pipes. As an alternative source, desalinated seawater undergoes reverse osmosis before mixing with reservoir water.
Water treatment for domestic water supply 2
The document provides information about domestic water treatment systems. It discusses the standard water treatment process, which includes coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection. It also describes different types of domestic water treatment systems like water softeners, reverse osmosis filters, and ultraviolet filters. The installation process for domestic water filters is outlined in 5 steps. Common issues with domestic water systems like aging equipment and chemical contamination are also discussed along with potential solutions.
treatment of urban sewage
This document presents an overview of the urban sewage treatment process. It describes the 7 main stages: (1) collection, (2) screening, (3) primary treatment using sedimentation tanks, (4) secondary treatment using biological processes, (5) tertiary treatment for additional removal of contaminants, (6) sludge treatment involving thickening, digestion and dewatering, and (7) discharge of treated water back into rivers. The presentation was submitted to the head of the mechanical engineering department at Graphic Era Hill University by Saurabh Negi to provide details on effective treatment of urban sewage water.
Document from Souvik Kundu.ppt
This document discusses water purification and wastewater treatment processes. It describes how wastewater is treated using primary, secondary, and advanced treatment methods like screening, sedimentation, and the use of bacteria in activated sludge. These treatments purify water for drinking and ensure wastewater is safely disposed of. The document also outlines laws like the Clean Water Act that were implemented to protect water quality and restrict drinking water contamination.
Water as Resource Material- A Brief Overview .pptx
Drinking water comes from sources like springs, aquifers, and surface water. It is treated and distributed to meet standards for safe consumption. Water is essential as a resource for many uses including household use, agriculture through irrigation systems, industry for processes and cooling, and recreation. Contamination of water sources can spread diseases, so quality standards are monitored and enforced internationally.
ashutosh
1. The document discusses the water treatment process at the Durgapur Municipal Corporation water treatment plant in Angadpur. It involves 7 stages: screening, prechlorination, aeration, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection.
2. Key steps include adding aluminum sulfate and polyelectrolyte to form flocs, sedimentation to remove flocs, sand filtration, and chlorination for disinfection. Additional steps are aeration, pH adjustment with lime, and post-chlorination before distribution.
3. The water treatment plant, pumping stations, and distribution network were installed in two phases to supply water to Durgapur town.
Wastewater Treatment Plants
Wastewater treatment plants use physical, biological, and chemical processes to remove contaminants from wastewater and produce clean water that can be returned safely to the environment. These processes include preliminary screening and settling to remove large particles, primary settling to remove solids, biological treatment using microorganisms to break down organic matter, secondary settling to remove biological solids, disinfection to kill pathogens, and solids processing including digestion and dewatering of sludge. The treated effluent water must meet regulatory standards before being discharged.
Enviroment and health
This document discusses water purification on both small and large scales. It begins by defining safe and contaminated water. It then discusses various water sources like rain, surface water, and groundwater. The large scale purification process involves storage, filtration using slow sand or rapid sand filters, and chlorination. Small scale purification can be done through boiling, or using chemicals like bleaching powder or chlorine tablets. Proper water treatment and sanitation are important for preventing waterborne diseases and ensuring public health.
Water Treatment Plants
Water treatment plants use a multi-step process to treat water and make it safe for human consumption. The steps include screening, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection, and distribution. Each water source presents different challenges. Surface water contains particles and pathogens and requires extensive treatment. Groundwater has higher levels of dissolved solids and minerals. Modern treatment technologies can remove particles, pathogens, and chemical contaminants to produce drinking water that is both palatable and potable.
Water treatment technology
All living things require clean, uncontaminated water as the most crucial compound for life on Earth
Ideally, drinking water should be clear, colorless, and well aerated, with no unpalatable taste or odor, and it should contain no suspended matter, harmful chemical substances, or pathogenic microorganisms.
Wastewater discharge from industries, agricultural pollution, municipal wastewater, and poor environmental sanitation are the main sources of water contamination
Prepared by Dr. Ibrahim Abdi Hassan wash committees training.pptx
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This document provides an overview of water treatment processes for a town water supply. It discusses various stages of treatment including preliminary treatment (screening, sedimentation, aeration), primary sedimentation, and monitoring water quality. Key points made include that town water supplies require treatment due to the larger scale, that a single source of pollution could cause an epidemic, and that treatment must be applied continuously and reliably. Diagrams are also included showing sample water treatment plant layout and processes.
Waste (domestic,municipal,human waste)
environmental & occupational health course, master of community medicine university of Khartoum , batch 2
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Water is distributed unevenly around the world, with most freshwater frozen in polar ice caps and glaciers. Humans have increased runoff through activities like agriculture, leading to issues like soil erosion. Groundwater exists in aquifers, which can be confined or unconfined. Most global water use is for agriculture, though industrial and domestic use is growing. Water pollution can come from point sources like factories or non-point sources like agriculture. Many pollutants can contaminate water supplies and harm aquatic life. While laws and programs have improved water quality, non-point pollution from sediment, nutrients and pathogens remains a challenge.
Water purification and pathogen control
This document discusses water purification methods for both large and small scale. For large scale, it describes treating raw water sources through storage, filtration, and disinfection using chlorination, ozonation, or UV irradiation. Slow sand filtration and chlorination are effective at removing bacteria, viruses, and parasites. For small scale, it recommends boiling, chemical disinfection, or ceramic filtration. Wells can be disinfected during outbreaks by bleaching. Bottled water may be purified through multiple barriers like UV, distillation, or ozonation.
Living Machine for Bug Committee
Lynn Polasek shares her presentation about living machines and potential applications at Los Angeles Valley College.
Water sanitation
Water is a vital necessity of life without which man can live only for few days. About two thirds of our body weight is formed of water.
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Case Western: water and sanitation in emergency settings
- 1. Water and Sanitation in Emergency Settings Why Infrastructure Matters & Behavior Change Is Critical
- 16. Surface Water
- 18. Water Disinfection • Boiling – It works well in dirty or clean water – Logistics at large scale very difficult • Iodine – 2 drops in 1 quart of water – Not good in cloudy / muddy water • Filters – Marvelous on day one, but then … • Chlorination – Easy, mass disinfection – Ineffective against cysts, worm ova
- 32. 1. Pump out sludge 2. Filter out solids materials 3. Filter the liquid
- 34. Solid Waste • Collection In home, Lead to transport • Transportation How and who away from home • Ultimate Disposal Sanitary landfill
- 35. Hospital Waste • Solid Waste Collection, Isolation, Transportation, Disposal • Liquid Waste Wash water; Toilets • Ultimate Disposal
- 36. Drainage • Stagnation is Bad Insect breeding, Septic biology • Internal to Community Wash water, Food prep water, flooding • Central System
- 37. Other Concerns • Vectors – Insects: mosquitos, flies, fleas – Pests: dogs, cats, rats • Environmental management • Fire Protection • Education Programs • Body Disposal