2. TOPICS
• Water sources and Safe drinking water
• Role and responsibility of WASH Committees
• Leadership skills
• Conflict management
• Equal representation
• Effective Communication
• The concept of sustainability
• Water Uses Governance-Constitution
• Financial Management
• Operation and Maintenance of shallow
well/pump
• Cholera/ORS preparation
3. Community water sources
• In a group, list the water sources in you area
• Each group to pick a presenter
• Session to last 10 mins
4. What is Water?
• water, is a substance composed of the chemical elements
hydrogen and oxygen, liquid, and solid states. It is one of
the most plentiful and essential of compounds. A tasteless
and odourless liquid at room temperature, it has the
important ability to dissolve many other substances.
• Water can be used for direct and indirect purposes. Direct
purposes include bathing, drinking, and cooking, while
examples of indirect purposes are the use of water in
processing wood to make paper and in producing steel for
automobiles. The bulk of the world's water use is for
agriculture, industry, and electricity.
6. Common water sources
Surface water Underground
water sources
1. Rivers 1.Wells
2.Streams 2. Boreholes
3. Spring
4. Ponds
5. Dams
7. Lakes, Seas, Oceans
8. Rain water harvesting.
7. Common uses of water
Domestic Uses
• Washing
• Bathing
• Cleaning
• Cooking
• Drinking
Industrial Uses
• Construction
• Manufacturing
• Milling
• Waste Management
• Power Generation
• Fishing
• Irrigation
8. Drinking water
What is safe drinking water?
Quality of safe water? brain storming !
• Water that is free from contamination, that
does not have harmful substances such as
bacteria
• It is important for drinking water to make
sure that drinking water is safe to live
healthy lives
9. Contaminated drinking water
• Cholera is an infectious disease that causes severe
watery diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration and even
death if untreated. It is caused by eating food or drinking
water contaminated with a bacterium called Vibrio cholerae.
• Cholera was prevalent in the U.S. in the 1800s, before
modern water and sewage treatment systems eliminated its
spread by contaminated water. Only about 10 cases of
cholera are reported each year in the U.S. and half of these
are acquired abroad. Rarely, contaminated seafood has
caused cholera outbreaks in the U.S. However, cholera
outbreaks are still a serious problem in other parts of the
world. The World Health Organization reports that there are
1.3 million to 4 million cases each year
10. Cholera Symptoms
• Symptoms of cholera can begin as soon as a few hours or as long as five
days after infection. Often, symptoms are mild. But sometimes they are
very serious. About one in 20 people infected have severe
watery diarrhea accompanied by vomiting, which can quickly lead
to dehydration Although many infected people may have minimal or no
symptoms, they can still contribute to spread of the infection.
Signs and symptoms of dehydration include:
• Rapid heart rate
• Loss of skin elasticity (the ability to return to original position quickly if
pinched)
• Dry mucous membranes, including the inside of the mouth throat, nose,
and eyelids
• Low blood pressure
• Thirst
• Muscle cramps
12. Drinking contaminated water
WATER Hygiene, Bad hygiene practices that
spreads diarrhoea (
Unhygienic collection and storage of water
Water containers are dirty and kept in dirty
places
No any means for water treatment
No one is responsible for maintaining and
cleaning water points; pipe network cutting
Children playing with taps breaking it
- Animal poo in the water point
Collecting water from unsafe sources
13. Water Treatment
Household water treatment options: brain
storming !
• Boiling of water
• Use of chlorine or aqua tabs
• Make Filtration
• Solar disinfection
• Chemical disinfection
15. Household water treatment
options
24 hours Sunlight
Disinfection
System - SODIS
Disinfection
through Boiling
Chlorine
Solution-
Demonstra
te best use
of aqua
tabs and
water
makers
16. Effective Water Management Point
• Allah provides us clean water but humans
through their activities contaminate it. We
need to have safe drinking water and it is our
responsibility to promote healthy families.
• How can we manage water points? Group
discussion.
17. water treatment
• water treatment methods to provide safe
drinking water for their communities. Public
water systems often use a series of water
treatment steps that include coagulation,
flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and
disinfection.
18. Water treatment steps
• Coagulation
• Coagulation is often the first step in water treatment. During
coagulation, chemicals with a positive charge are added to the
water
• Flocculation
• Flocculation follows the coagulation step. Flocculation is the gentle
mixing of the water to form larger, heavier particles called flocs.
Often, water treatment plants will add additional chemicals during
this step to help the flocs form
• Sedimentation
• Sedimentation is one of the steps water treatment plants use to
separate out solids from the water. During sedimentation, flocs
settle to the bottom of the water because they are heavier than
water.
19. Water treatment steps
• Filtration
• Once the flocs have settled to the bottom of the water, the
clear water on top is filtered to separate additional solids
from the water. During filtration, the clear water passes
through filters that have different pore sizes and are made of
different materials
• Disinfection
• After the water has been filtered, water treatment plants
may add one or more chemical disinfectants (such
as chlorine chloramine, or chlorine dioxide) to kill any
remaining parasites, bacteria, or viruses. To help keep water
safe as it travels to homes and businesses, water treatment
plants will make sure the water has low levels of the
chemical disinfectant when it leaves the treatment plant.
This remaining disinfectant kills germs living in the pipes
between the water treatment plant and your tap.
20. Water Committees composition
• Chairman
• Vice chairman
• Secretary
• Treasurer
• Operator
• Community Health Mobilizer/Worker
