Grab some information about how molasses can result in polluting the river. What were the actions taken by the Government? The reasons why industries should take care of managing the waste.
Lal Sohanra National Park is one of the largest national parks in South Asia, located in Bahawalpur district, Punjab province, Pakistan. It occupies over 127,480 acres of land and protects ecosystems and natural resources for future generations by prohibiting hunting and activities that could exploit or pollute the area. The park contains a variety of habitats and species, including blackbuck antelope, gazelles, nilgai antelope, hog deer, and Indian rhinoceros housed in enclosures. Over 400 animals are bred in the park, focusing on conservation of threatened species like blackbuck antelope.
Snow leopards are a solitary cat species found in Central and South Asia. They have long grey fur with black spots that helps them camouflage in their mountainous habitat. Snow leopards primarily prey on wild goats, sheep, and deer. They are classified as an endangered species due to habitat loss and poaching for their fur. Zoos aim to simulate their natural habitat with logs, dens, and vegetation to maintain their solitary behaviors.
CONSERVATION OF WILDLIFE THROUGH CAPTIVE BREEDINGNamrata Singh
An ever expanding human population is putting increased pressure on endangered species and driving many to extinction. It is for this reason that the conservation of rare and endangered species has come to the forefront of our attention over recent decades.
There are a number of strategies that exist to conserve these species out of which captive breeding is one of the efficient tools.
The document summarizes the wildlife diversity of the state of Odisha, India. It notes that Odisha has a large geographic area and forest cover, within which over 27 amphibian, 131 reptile, 524 bird, and 27 mammal species have been recorded, including many threatened species. Some of the important wildlife found in Odisha includes elephants, tigers, leopards, and various deer, squirrel, and bird species. The state has numerous wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, tiger and elephant reserves, and zoos established to support both in-situ and ex-situ conservation of Odisha's wildlife diversity.
Dams can negatively impact fisheries in several ways:
1) Dams block upstream fish migration, preventing access to spawning habitats and causing declines or extinction of migratory fish species.
2) Downstream migrating fish can be injured or killed passing through dam structures like turbines and spillways.
3) Dams transform river habitats and fragment ecosystems, eliminating lotic habitats and reducing habitat availability.
Measures for prevention, control and abatement of environmental pollution in river Ganga and to ensure continuous adequate flow of water so as to rejuvenate the river Ganga.
Natural lakes are bodies of fresh water larger than 20 acres surrounded by land. They form from glaciers, blocked rivers, or filling basins. Lakes stratify into layers by temperature, oxygen, and life. They provide economic benefits through tourism. Several major Indian lakes are described, including Chilka Lake, Wular Lake, Dal Lake, Loktak Lake, and Nainital Lake. These lakes vary in location, size, depth, and importance for fishing, irrigation, power generation, tourism, and wildlife.
The document discusses pisciculture, which is the breeding, rearing, and transplantation of fish through artificial means, also known as fish farming. It involves raising fish commercially in tanks or enclosures, usually for food. Common varieties reared for food include Pearl spot, Rohu, and Catla fish, while varieties like Goldfish and Guppy are reared for ornamental purposes. Important prawn varieties farmed are Naran and Kara.
Lal Sohanra National Park is one of the largest national parks in South Asia, located in Bahawalpur district, Punjab province, Pakistan. It occupies over 127,480 acres of land and protects ecosystems and natural resources for future generations by prohibiting hunting and activities that could exploit or pollute the area. The park contains a variety of habitats and species, including blackbuck antelope, gazelles, nilgai antelope, hog deer, and Indian rhinoceros housed in enclosures. Over 400 animals are bred in the park, focusing on conservation of threatened species like blackbuck antelope.
Snow leopards are a solitary cat species found in Central and South Asia. They have long grey fur with black spots that helps them camouflage in their mountainous habitat. Snow leopards primarily prey on wild goats, sheep, and deer. They are classified as an endangered species due to habitat loss and poaching for their fur. Zoos aim to simulate their natural habitat with logs, dens, and vegetation to maintain their solitary behaviors.
CONSERVATION OF WILDLIFE THROUGH CAPTIVE BREEDINGNamrata Singh
An ever expanding human population is putting increased pressure on endangered species and driving many to extinction. It is for this reason that the conservation of rare and endangered species has come to the forefront of our attention over recent decades.
There are a number of strategies that exist to conserve these species out of which captive breeding is one of the efficient tools.
The document summarizes the wildlife diversity of the state of Odisha, India. It notes that Odisha has a large geographic area and forest cover, within which over 27 amphibian, 131 reptile, 524 bird, and 27 mammal species have been recorded, including many threatened species. Some of the important wildlife found in Odisha includes elephants, tigers, leopards, and various deer, squirrel, and bird species. The state has numerous wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, tiger and elephant reserves, and zoos established to support both in-situ and ex-situ conservation of Odisha's wildlife diversity.
Dams can negatively impact fisheries in several ways:
1) Dams block upstream fish migration, preventing access to spawning habitats and causing declines or extinction of migratory fish species.
2) Downstream migrating fish can be injured or killed passing through dam structures like turbines and spillways.
3) Dams transform river habitats and fragment ecosystems, eliminating lotic habitats and reducing habitat availability.
Measures for prevention, control and abatement of environmental pollution in river Ganga and to ensure continuous adequate flow of water so as to rejuvenate the river Ganga.
Natural lakes are bodies of fresh water larger than 20 acres surrounded by land. They form from glaciers, blocked rivers, or filling basins. Lakes stratify into layers by temperature, oxygen, and life. They provide economic benefits through tourism. Several major Indian lakes are described, including Chilka Lake, Wular Lake, Dal Lake, Loktak Lake, and Nainital Lake. These lakes vary in location, size, depth, and importance for fishing, irrigation, power generation, tourism, and wildlife.
The document discusses pisciculture, which is the breeding, rearing, and transplantation of fish through artificial means, also known as fish farming. It involves raising fish commercially in tanks or enclosures, usually for food. Common varieties reared for food include Pearl spot, Rohu, and Catla fish, while varieties like Goldfish and Guppy are reared for ornamental purposes. Important prawn varieties farmed are Naran and Kara.
The document discusses food and feeding for aquarium fish. It provides information on the types of foods fish need, including live foods like brine shrimp and bloodworms as well as processed foods like flakes and pellets. It also discusses ingredients that make up quality fish food like proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. The document emphasizes the importance of providing the right kind and amount of food, as overfeeding can dirty the tank.
Pinctada is a genus of saltwater oysters that are marine bivalve molluscs known for their strong inner shell layer composed of nacre, also known as "mother of pearl". These pearl oysters have an inner shell made of mother of pearl.
Tigers are in danger of extinction, with only around 7,000 remaining in the wild, compared to over 100,000 a century ago. The main threats are poaching, loss of habitat, and population fragmentation. Saving tigers means saving forests and ecosystems, as tigers need intact habitats to survive and play a key role in ecosystem health. Efforts are needed at local and national levels to protect tiger habitats and populations.
Presentation 19 - Chemical Signals In AnimalsMa'am Dawn
Hormones are chemical signals produced by glands that are transported to target organs to induce responses. They bind to receptors in cell membranes or nuclei to exert effects. Hormone levels and receptor function are controlled by feedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis. The endocrine system regulates processes like growth, metabolism, and reproduction through the action of hormones, while the nervous system provides more rapid responses. Diseases can occur if hormone levels become abnormal or receptors are damaged.
This document describes different types of ponds. There are three basic types: sunken ponds, which are below the surrounding land level and fed by groundwater; barrage ponds, which are created by building dams across valleys; and diversion ponds, which are fed indirectly from other water sources through canals. Ponds can also be classified by their construction materials as earthen, walled, or lined. Their construction method determines if they are dug out, use embankments, or are cut and fill types. Earthen ponds constructed solely with soil materials are the most common.
The document discusses several topics related to wildlife conservation and management, including the study and preservation of habitats, wildlife research, legislation, veterinary services, education, and establishing protected areas. Effective conservation requires taking measures to protect habitats from degradation, improve habitats, conduct population censuses, enforce protective laws, provide veterinary care, increase public awareness through education, and set aside protected areas for threatened species.
Grass carp, also known as white amur, is a freshwater fish native to eastern Asia. It has been introduced to many other parts of the world. Grass carp have an elongated, stout body with dark grey coloring above and silvery sides. They are herbivorous and help control aquatic weeds. While they play an important ecological role, they can also be considered a pest if they damage native vegetation. Grass carp are commonly farmed and have been introduced to control weeds in ponds and canals in Bangladesh.
Cage culture involves confining fish or shellfish within mesh enclosures in existing water bodies like ponds, rivers, and oceans. Some key advantages are the flexibility to use different water resources with minimal initial investment. However, there are also disadvantages like the need for complete diets, high risk of disease transmission due to crowding, potential for localized water quality issues, and limitations to production yields. Cage aquaculture has rapidly expanded in recent decades and continues to adapt to growing global demand through clustering cages and developing more intensive cage farming systems.
This document discusses the feeding habits of fish. It begins by defining feeding habit as the kind of food an animal habitually consumes during its life or at a particular stage. It then describes different modes of feeding such as herbivores, omnivores, carnivores, and limnivores. The document highlights that understanding the feeding habits of fish is important for polyculture systems. It also discusses the major types of feeding like grazing, predation, straining, sucking, and parasitism. Finally, it provides examples of different mouth structures in fish and how they relate to the fish's diet.
The grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is the species of fish with the largest reported production in aquaculture globally, over five million tonnes per year. It is a large herbivorous freshwater fish species of the family Cyprinidae
This document provides information on monoculture fish farming techniques used in India. It discusses how monoculture farming involves raising only one type of fish species in a pond. It notes that monoculture allows for easy monitoring of fish performance but can lead to issues like water quality degradation. The document also outlines the steps involved in monoculture fish farming, including construction of ponds, breeding fish, and transferring fry and fingerlings between ponds. It provides details on suitable fish species used in Indian monoculture like various carp species.
Silverbellies, also known as ponyfish and slipmouth, are an important demersal fishery resource in India. They belong to the family Leiognathidae and there are 21 species found in Indian waters. Production of silverbellies has increased over time, with the highest annual landing of around 92,000 tonnes in 1983. They are exploited mainly by trawl nets and contribute significantly to fisheries in states like Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, and Gujarat. Silverbellies are short-lived species, typically living less than two years, and support an important sundried and salt-cured fish industry as well as fish meal production. Conservation requires maintaining species diversity and proportional
Chameleons are classified as reptiles in the order Squamata. They primarily eat insects but will also consume flowers and fruits. Chameleons prefer to live in cool, hidden places like under rocks, in caves, and under trees in the wild. Their predators include snakes, birds like hornbills, and certain types of Indonesian birds. Chameleons have several physical adaptations for camouflage and catching prey, such as the ability to change color, a long tongue, and clawed feet.
Crocodiles are opportunistic predators that will eat whatever prey is most readily available or plentiful in their habitat. Their diet consists of fish, birds, mammals, reptiles, and sometimes other crocodiles. Young crocodiles primarily eat small fish, crabs and birds. Crocodiles swallow their food whole or tear it into chunks to eat. They are also scavengers and will eat already dead animals. Crocodiles have evolved bodies well-adapted for both aquatic and terrestrial living.
This document defines key terms related to endangered and extinct species. It provides examples of recently extinct animals such as the Javan Tiger and Pinta Island Tortoise. Some currently endangered species mentioned are the snow leopard, polar bear, and giant panda. The document encourages students to work in pairs on a class project, choosing an endangered species to research why it is threatened, the greatest threats it faces, changes to its habitat, and how it can be recovered and preserved. Their presentations will be evaluated on creativity, vocabulary, grammar, and oral communication skills.
Vidya Bharati is an educational organization in India that runs schools following the Shiksha Parishad education model. It was founded in 1951 and now operates over 20,000 schools across India. The schools aim to impart education based on Indian culture and values to students.
Economic zoology deals with applying zoological knowledge to benefit humanity, such as cultivating animals for food and controlling pests. It covers topics like beneficial and harmful insects, crop pests, apiculture, sericulture, lac culture, aquaculture, venomous animals, and livestock/vector-borne diseases. Insects provide an estimated $57 billion in ecological services annually to justify greater conservation investments. Beneficial insects include pollinators that transfer crop pollen, valued at $3 billion in the US alone, and predators that control pests. Parasitic wasps, flies, and other insects also help limit pest populations. Productive insects include silkworms, honey bees, and lac
Coral reefs are made of limestone deposited by corals and other organisms over time. Corals are small animals that live in colonies and secrete calcium carbonate skeletons, building up reef structures. There are three main types of reefs: fringing reefs near shorelines, barrier reefs parallel to coastlines, and coral atolls in open water. Coral reefs protect coastlines from waves and storms. They support biodiversity and provide resources for tourism and fishing. However, human activities like coastal development, pollution, and destructive fishing threaten coral reefs, with over 10% already destroyed and 60% predicted to be destroyed in the next few decades if threats are not addressed.
A general basic case study on the river Ganga at Varanasi covering all the aspects of Pollution, Government'r role, Treatment facilities, Future prospects, Health status of river.
This document discusses the Ganges River, one of the most polluted rivers in the world. It flows over 2,500 km from the Himalayas to the Bay of Bengal. The document outlines the river's importance in Hinduism and how over 420 million people depend on it for water. However, the river receives huge amounts of untreated municipal and industrial waste, resulting in high bacteria levels that threaten human and aquatic life. Several initiatives have tried to clean the river, such as the Ganga Action Plan, but with limited success. Recent government efforts under the Namami Gange program aim to restore the river to a healthier state over the next 200 years.
The document discusses food and feeding for aquarium fish. It provides information on the types of foods fish need, including live foods like brine shrimp and bloodworms as well as processed foods like flakes and pellets. It also discusses ingredients that make up quality fish food like proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. The document emphasizes the importance of providing the right kind and amount of food, as overfeeding can dirty the tank.
Pinctada is a genus of saltwater oysters that are marine bivalve molluscs known for their strong inner shell layer composed of nacre, also known as "mother of pearl". These pearl oysters have an inner shell made of mother of pearl.
Tigers are in danger of extinction, with only around 7,000 remaining in the wild, compared to over 100,000 a century ago. The main threats are poaching, loss of habitat, and population fragmentation. Saving tigers means saving forests and ecosystems, as tigers need intact habitats to survive and play a key role in ecosystem health. Efforts are needed at local and national levels to protect tiger habitats and populations.
Presentation 19 - Chemical Signals In AnimalsMa'am Dawn
Hormones are chemical signals produced by glands that are transported to target organs to induce responses. They bind to receptors in cell membranes or nuclei to exert effects. Hormone levels and receptor function are controlled by feedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis. The endocrine system regulates processes like growth, metabolism, and reproduction through the action of hormones, while the nervous system provides more rapid responses. Diseases can occur if hormone levels become abnormal or receptors are damaged.
This document describes different types of ponds. There are three basic types: sunken ponds, which are below the surrounding land level and fed by groundwater; barrage ponds, which are created by building dams across valleys; and diversion ponds, which are fed indirectly from other water sources through canals. Ponds can also be classified by their construction materials as earthen, walled, or lined. Their construction method determines if they are dug out, use embankments, or are cut and fill types. Earthen ponds constructed solely with soil materials are the most common.
The document discusses several topics related to wildlife conservation and management, including the study and preservation of habitats, wildlife research, legislation, veterinary services, education, and establishing protected areas. Effective conservation requires taking measures to protect habitats from degradation, improve habitats, conduct population censuses, enforce protective laws, provide veterinary care, increase public awareness through education, and set aside protected areas for threatened species.
Grass carp, also known as white amur, is a freshwater fish native to eastern Asia. It has been introduced to many other parts of the world. Grass carp have an elongated, stout body with dark grey coloring above and silvery sides. They are herbivorous and help control aquatic weeds. While they play an important ecological role, they can also be considered a pest if they damage native vegetation. Grass carp are commonly farmed and have been introduced to control weeds in ponds and canals in Bangladesh.
Cage culture involves confining fish or shellfish within mesh enclosures in existing water bodies like ponds, rivers, and oceans. Some key advantages are the flexibility to use different water resources with minimal initial investment. However, there are also disadvantages like the need for complete diets, high risk of disease transmission due to crowding, potential for localized water quality issues, and limitations to production yields. Cage aquaculture has rapidly expanded in recent decades and continues to adapt to growing global demand through clustering cages and developing more intensive cage farming systems.
This document discusses the feeding habits of fish. It begins by defining feeding habit as the kind of food an animal habitually consumes during its life or at a particular stage. It then describes different modes of feeding such as herbivores, omnivores, carnivores, and limnivores. The document highlights that understanding the feeding habits of fish is important for polyculture systems. It also discusses the major types of feeding like grazing, predation, straining, sucking, and parasitism. Finally, it provides examples of different mouth structures in fish and how they relate to the fish's diet.
The grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is the species of fish with the largest reported production in aquaculture globally, over five million tonnes per year. It is a large herbivorous freshwater fish species of the family Cyprinidae
This document provides information on monoculture fish farming techniques used in India. It discusses how monoculture farming involves raising only one type of fish species in a pond. It notes that monoculture allows for easy monitoring of fish performance but can lead to issues like water quality degradation. The document also outlines the steps involved in monoculture fish farming, including construction of ponds, breeding fish, and transferring fry and fingerlings between ponds. It provides details on suitable fish species used in Indian monoculture like various carp species.
Silverbellies, also known as ponyfish and slipmouth, are an important demersal fishery resource in India. They belong to the family Leiognathidae and there are 21 species found in Indian waters. Production of silverbellies has increased over time, with the highest annual landing of around 92,000 tonnes in 1983. They are exploited mainly by trawl nets and contribute significantly to fisheries in states like Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, and Gujarat. Silverbellies are short-lived species, typically living less than two years, and support an important sundried and salt-cured fish industry as well as fish meal production. Conservation requires maintaining species diversity and proportional
Chameleons are classified as reptiles in the order Squamata. They primarily eat insects but will also consume flowers and fruits. Chameleons prefer to live in cool, hidden places like under rocks, in caves, and under trees in the wild. Their predators include snakes, birds like hornbills, and certain types of Indonesian birds. Chameleons have several physical adaptations for camouflage and catching prey, such as the ability to change color, a long tongue, and clawed feet.
Crocodiles are opportunistic predators that will eat whatever prey is most readily available or plentiful in their habitat. Their diet consists of fish, birds, mammals, reptiles, and sometimes other crocodiles. Young crocodiles primarily eat small fish, crabs and birds. Crocodiles swallow their food whole or tear it into chunks to eat. They are also scavengers and will eat already dead animals. Crocodiles have evolved bodies well-adapted for both aquatic and terrestrial living.
This document defines key terms related to endangered and extinct species. It provides examples of recently extinct animals such as the Javan Tiger and Pinta Island Tortoise. Some currently endangered species mentioned are the snow leopard, polar bear, and giant panda. The document encourages students to work in pairs on a class project, choosing an endangered species to research why it is threatened, the greatest threats it faces, changes to its habitat, and how it can be recovered and preserved. Their presentations will be evaluated on creativity, vocabulary, grammar, and oral communication skills.
Vidya Bharati is an educational organization in India that runs schools following the Shiksha Parishad education model. It was founded in 1951 and now operates over 20,000 schools across India. The schools aim to impart education based on Indian culture and values to students.
Economic zoology deals with applying zoological knowledge to benefit humanity, such as cultivating animals for food and controlling pests. It covers topics like beneficial and harmful insects, crop pests, apiculture, sericulture, lac culture, aquaculture, venomous animals, and livestock/vector-borne diseases. Insects provide an estimated $57 billion in ecological services annually to justify greater conservation investments. Beneficial insects include pollinators that transfer crop pollen, valued at $3 billion in the US alone, and predators that control pests. Parasitic wasps, flies, and other insects also help limit pest populations. Productive insects include silkworms, honey bees, and lac
Coral reefs are made of limestone deposited by corals and other organisms over time. Corals are small animals that live in colonies and secrete calcium carbonate skeletons, building up reef structures. There are three main types of reefs: fringing reefs near shorelines, barrier reefs parallel to coastlines, and coral atolls in open water. Coral reefs protect coastlines from waves and storms. They support biodiversity and provide resources for tourism and fishing. However, human activities like coastal development, pollution, and destructive fishing threaten coral reefs, with over 10% already destroyed and 60% predicted to be destroyed in the next few decades if threats are not addressed.
A general basic case study on the river Ganga at Varanasi covering all the aspects of Pollution, Government'r role, Treatment facilities, Future prospects, Health status of river.
This document discusses the Ganges River, one of the most polluted rivers in the world. It flows over 2,500 km from the Himalayas to the Bay of Bengal. The document outlines the river's importance in Hinduism and how over 420 million people depend on it for water. However, the river receives huge amounts of untreated municipal and industrial waste, resulting in high bacteria levels that threaten human and aquatic life. Several initiatives have tried to clean the river, such as the Ganga Action Plan, but with limited success. Recent government efforts under the Namami Gange program aim to restore the river to a healthier state over the next 200 years.
The document discusses various topics related to pollution of the Ganga River in India. It begins with an introduction to the Ganga's significance as a sacred river and its current polluted state. It then discusses the main sources of pollution as industrial and domestic waste, and the effects of pollution including declining fish populations and health risks. The document outlines past efforts to clean the Ganga including the Ganga Action Plan and proposes new technologies that could help purify the river such as biogas generation and wastewater treatment systems. It stresses the importance of community involvement and sustainable agricultural practices to preserve the river.
Geographical coverage is the largest – 26% of India’s land mass
Most populated basin – hosts 43% of India’s population
Annual surface water potential – 28% of India’s total
38% of India’s total estimated utilizable water comes from Ganga Basin – highest amongst all
Estimated utilizable surface water in Ganga is 48%
Nearly 40% of India’s total estimated replenishable ground water resources comes from Ganga Basin
This document summarizes the drought situation in Maharashtra, India. While large parts of the state have been declared drought-hit with millions facing water shortages, politically powerful groups have taken most of the available water for sugarcane crops and industries. The sugarcane lobby has significant political influence, ignoring recommendations to limit sugarcane farming given its high water usage. This has exacerbated water conflicts and the drought crisis, with some regions facing acute shortages while sugarcane crops flourish nearby. Government relief efforts have been insufficient to address the problems caused by unequal water distribution and the prioritization of water-intensive sugarcane.
Analysis and Removal of Phosphate from Wastewater by using Rice HuskIRJET Journal
This document analyzes and discusses methods for removing phosphate from wastewater using rice husk. It begins with an introduction about wastewater management needs in India. It then describes objectives of analyzing phosphate concentration in the Mutha River in Pune, India and studying removal using rice husk activated carbon. Methodology describes sample collection from the river and testing parameters like BOD, COD, pH and DO. Results show phosphate concentration exceeded limits. The document then details the process of activating rice husk ash with HCl and its use to adsorb phosphate in wastewater, achieving 70-80% removal. It concludes higher phosphate in the river is due to various sources and discusses impacts of eutrophication
Socio-Economic and Environmental Implication’s of Shrimp Cultivation in Andhr...Ruby Med Plus
Impromptu and random expansion of shrimp cultivation is happening in coastal regions of Andhra Pradesh. The exploration of its adverse effects has not received significant attention from the Indian researcher community yet. The shrimp industry is polluting and degrading soils,
water, mangroves, and forests. The sustainable productivity of ecosystems, biodiversity and public health is endangering year after year. Shrimp aquaculture is changing customary patterns of natural resource use by appropriating these resources for its own purposes while restricting rights of local users as coastal Andhra big and experienced farmers in the aqua field are making huge investments in the sector and purchasing the agriculture fields of small farmers to convert it into aqua ponds. This in turn affects livelihoods more widely by disrupting earlier systems of production, distribution and social relations.
In order to elicit the concomitant socio-economic impacts and propose environmental sustainable solutions of shrimp cultivation based on secondary data, the present study was conducted by applying ‘Systematic Review and Content Analysis’ as a research method. The study findings manifest that the constant and unregulated shrimp farming has immense impacts on human health, ecology, environment and sustainability other than economic benefits to aqua farm
owners. The extensive shrimp farming in coastal areas of Andhra Pradesh has negatively expedited the infringement of mangroves, intrusion of salinity, degradation of land, destabilization of coastal ecosystems. The main socio-economic effects challenge the patterns of
livelihood pattern, displacement of family and social structure, internal migration, reduction in grazing field and livestock, changes in the cropping calendar and its pattern and bio-diversity.
The Government of Andhra Pradesh and the financial institutions sponsoring shrimp cultivation has overlooked the impact of shrimp farming on Ecological and sustainability of farm fields and
control of salinity and degradation of mangrooves. In conclusion, appropriate adoption and implementation of the resilient strategies can reduce the adverse effects on the coastal environment, and improve the impact of unplanned shrimp cultivation in Andhra Pradesh and
other parts of India.
This document summarizes information about industry and water pollution in Pakistan. It discusses how the textile industry and sugar mills are major industries in Pakistan and sources of pollution. Sugar mill waste is discharged untreated into water bodies, increasing toxicity and harming wildlife, cattle, and villagers who rely on the water. The wastewater from sugar mills contains high levels of contaminants that decrease dissolved oxygen and increase biological and chemical oxygen demand, posing health and environmental risks. The document calls for better treatment of industrial wastewater to reduce water pollution in Pakistan.
Solar Based Drinking water Purification System Panchayat manages its own safe water supply Success story of Water Purification Plant in Hiwara Lahe Village, Dist-Washin. Yuva rural Association (YRA) partnered with the HDB financial services to transform villages into a pure & safe drinking water, under its WASH program
The document summarizes the environmental and human rights issues caused by the Hindustan Coca-Cola Beverages factory located in Plachimada village, Palakkad district, Kerala. It details how the factory has depleted water resources in the agriculturally dependent area by excessively pumping groundwater. The factory's waste slurry dumped on farmland contains unidentified chemicals and has contaminated local water sources, affecting livelihoods. Residents have been protesting for over 90 days against the factory's activities, which violate environmental laws, but have faced threats and lack of media coverage of their movement.
The document summarizes the Palampur Water Governance Initiative (PWGI) which applied a payment for ecosystem services (PES) model to ensure long-term drinking water security in Palampur, India. Key events included a 2009 study that identified PES potential, approval of PWGI in June 2009, formation of a steering committee, and a 2010 hydrogeological assessment that identified the Bohal Spring recharge zone. In October 2010, the Municipal Council and newly formed Village Forest Development Society of Bohal-Odi signed an agreement where the council provides annual payment for protection of the recharge zone by the society.
Water logging and salinity in Pakistan is very complex and diverse topic for students ,students usually seems difficulty to find out authentic and concise material about that ,so here is very strong effort for all science students specially for Botany,zoology,chemistry and BS students,insha allah you will definitely be happy to find it out,wish you huge best of luck abluntaly.
The Poribesh Bachao Andolon (POBA) made six recommendations to protect Dhaka's remaining lakes, including handing over lake management to city corporations and recovering illegally grabbed land. The lakes still surviving in Dhaka are Gulshan-Baridhara, Gulsahn-Banani, Dhanmondi, Ramna, Cresent, Hatirjheel and Uttara. POBA also recommended stopping the dumping of household and medical waste in lakes and better treatment of bio-waste. They warned that if preservation laws are not properly enforced, Dhaka's lakes will be illegally grabbed and polluted and lost by 2030.
An octogenarian tribal Catholic man from India named Simon Oraon has been honored by the Indian government for his environmental preservation work in his village. As a child, he witnessed drought and famine and was inspired to plant trees and build dams to conserve water. Over the years, he worked with the community to build dams and ponds and plant over 30,000 trees. This brought water back to over 1,600 families and expanded farming areas. He is being held up as a role model for water conservation and community development.
The Ganges river is highly polluted due to sewage and industrial waste from cities along its banks, as well as religious offerings and bodies that are placed directly into the river according to Hindu traditions. This pollution has created severe health issues for those who live near the river. The Ganga Action Plan was launched in 1985 to address this pollution but failed due to issues like a lack of cooperation between government bodies and technical experts, as well as insufficient monitoring and public awareness campaigns. Stronger measures are needed going forward, such as improved sewage treatment, industrial waste regulation, public education, and inter-governmental cooperation to successfully restore the Ganges river.
The Ganges river is highly polluted due to sewage and industrial waste from cities along its banks, as well as religious offerings and bodies that are placed directly into the river according to Hindu traditions. This pollution has created severe health issues for those who live near the river. The Ganga Action Plan was launched in 1985 to address this pollution but failed due to issues like a lack of cooperation between government bodies and technical experts, as well as insufficient monitoring and public awareness campaigns. Stronger measures are needed like improved sewage treatment, industrial waste regulation, public education, and inter-governmental cooperation to successfully restore the Ganges river.
Pope Francis inspired a Catholic parish in Thailand to plant 800 trees to care for the environment. The parishioners were concerned by environmental threats and wanted to take action inspired by Pope Francis' encyclical. They had families grow saplings and together planted them on World Environment Day. The trees will help reduce pollution, prevent erosion, and provide habitat for wildlife. Additionally, an Indian school implemented rooftop rainwater harvesting which reduced water scarcity and absenteeism by providing a reliable source of clean drinking water at the school.
kindly note that in the Joint Flood Assessment Report, under Key Observations, where it is given in the Child Protection and Education Section, that "all children go to English medium schools", it would be "some children go to English medium schools".
Due to intermittent heavy downpour from 16 June to 20 June 2011
causing flood situation has affected 22 blocks, 3 municipalities and all the GPs of the
districts.
4.06 lac people are said to be affected with 4,564 fully damaged houses and 22,217 partly
damaged houses. 6 deaths have also been reported in the district. (Due to religio-cultural reasons one death was not reported in Hirbandh block. Tentative damage to crops is placed
at Rs. 7.6 million.
Food safety, prepare for the unexpected - So what can be done in order to be ready to address food safety, food Consumers, food producers and manufacturers, food transporters, food businesses, food retailers can ...
This report explores the significance of border towns and spaces for strengthening responses to young people on the move. In particular it explores the linkages of young people to local service centres with the aim of further developing service, protection, and support strategies for migrant children in border areas across the region. The report is based on a small-scale fieldwork study in the border towns of Chipata and Katete in Zambia conducted in July 2023. Border towns and spaces provide a rich source of information about issues related to the informal or irregular movement of young people across borders, including smuggling and trafficking. They can help build a picture of the nature and scope of the type of movement young migrants undertake and also the forms of protection available to them. Border towns and spaces also provide a lens through which we can better understand the vulnerabilities of young people on the move and, critically, the strategies they use to navigate challenges and access support.
The findings in this report highlight some of the key factors shaping the experiences and vulnerabilities of young people on the move – particularly their proximity to border spaces and how this affects the risks that they face. The report describes strategies that young people on the move employ to remain below the radar of visibility to state and non-state actors due to fear of arrest, detention, and deportation while also trying to keep themselves safe and access support in border towns. These strategies of (in)visibility provide a way to protect themselves yet at the same time also heighten some of the risks young people face as their vulnerabilities are not always recognised by those who could offer support.
In this report we show that the realities and challenges of life and migration in this region and in Zambia need to be better understood for support to be strengthened and tuned to meet the specific needs of young people on the move. This includes understanding the role of state and non-state stakeholders, the impact of laws and policies and, critically, the experiences of the young people themselves. We provide recommendations for immediate action, recommendations for programming to support young people on the move in the two towns that would reduce risk for young people in this area, and recommendations for longer term policy advocacy.
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Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
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AHMR is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed online journal created to encourage and facilitate the study of all aspects (socio-economic, political, legislative and developmental) of Human Mobility in Africa. Through the publication of original research, policy discussions and evidence research papers AHMR provides a comprehensive forum devoted exclusively to the analysis of contemporaneous trends, migration patterns and some of the most important migration-related issues.
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2. Hindustan Times- Gurdaspur sugar mill sealed,
fined Rs 25 lakh over deaths of fish.
The Times of India- Farmers from Kiri Afgana
seek restarting of Chadha Sugar Mill.
The DNA-Molasses leak: Punjab Pollution
Control board issues notice to Chadha Sugar mill
over dead fish.
Indian Express- Molasses spills from Gurdaspur
sugar mill into Beas, villagers protest.
The Print-Punjab sugar mill ‘responsible’ for Beas
river pollution disaster fined Rs 5 crore.
3.
4. A massive spillage of 10000 litres of molasses from Chadha sugar mill
in gurdaspur district into the river Beas was witnessed o 16th may 2018.
Molasses is a byproduct of sugarcane processing. It has organic and
nutritional values, therefore preserved.
As the molasses, a thick viscous black fluid, flowed into the river, it
turned water black and killed marine life almost instantly.
Villagers contacted forest officials of Beas town who lodged a police
complaint against unidentified persons for causing damage to the
wildlife.
Environment minister O.P.SONI ordered the sealing of the mill.
5.
6. It appears the incident occurred due to a blast in the
furnace in which the molasses were stored.
The release of molasses brought down the oxygen
level in the river leading to the death of the fish on a
large scale.
A molasses tank has to be equipped with facilities for
re-circulation and pumping the molasses from one
storage tank to another.
It should have an air injection system and adequate
ventilation on the roof top.
The extra molasses was stored in the two tanks, of
1.35 lakh kiloletres each,which were actually
constructed to store the treated effluent.
7. According to the sources, the sugar mill had
installed a water treatment plant but it rarely uses
it. That is the reason why they are discharging the
pollutants in the river.
Earlier they used to discharge he effluents at
night. But now they have become so fearless that
they are discharging it at day.
The companies may get profit but that’s killing
our surroundings.
8.
9. Rakesh sharma, the cane manager at the CHADHA
SUGAR MILL, said that they were forced to crush
sugarcane beyond the provided capacity by the govt.
“The molasses did not contain any harmful element.
The byproduct is used to prepare edible items. I
don’t know how the fish died,” he said. “We didn’t
release any waste matter into the river,” he added.
PPBC rejected this claim that it was forced to store
molasses in underground tanks.
“Any pressure to crush more sugarcane does not
justify the management’s decision to store additional
molasses in an unscientific manner,’’ said PPBC
chairman Kahan singh pannu.
10. The molasses mixed with the water, which resulted in the increase in
B.O.D. (Biological Oxygen Demand). This resulted in the following
destruction:
1. Death of nearly 8 to 10 variety of fishes like catfish and common carp.
2. The water was contaminated which was used as drinking water in
various districts such as Faridkot, Muktsar, and Fazilka.
3. This contaminated water entered Rajasthan through The Indira Gandhi
canal which supplies water Hanumangarh, Sriganganagar, Bikaner,
Jodhpur, Jaisalmer and other districts in north and western region.
4. Farmers were in shock as highly polluted water, carrying with it dead
fish emanating stench, entered their fields.
5. “An action plan in this regard shall be prepared by departments of
forest, wildlife, and water resources, PPCB, Punjab Agricultural
University (PAU), Ludhiana, and Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and
Animal Sciences University (Gadvasu), Ludhiana.” This plan is to be
spread over five years so that sustainable results can be achieved,
according to the orders.
11. An initiative was taken by the government to
dilute the river.
11,000 cusecs of water was released from the Pong
dam and 2,000 cusecs from the Ranjit Sagar Dam.
Ban on selling of the dead fishes.
People from the various districts like Fadikot,
Muktsar and Fazilka were asked not to drink the
canal based water.
Officials also stopped the working of the unit of
Adie Boroswon Breweries Private Limited until it
makes its effluent-treatment plan fully
operational.
12. The wildlife department has filed a petition in the
Batala court under the relevant provisions of the
wildlife act, seeking action against the sugar mill
owner for the leakage.
PPBC fined the mill management Rs 5 crore.
The sugar mill which was shut down on 17th may 2018,
will remain closed, said PPBC order issued.
Punjab’s environment minister O.P Soni has suspended
the executive officer Kuldeep singh and SDO Amritpal
singh chahal of regional environment office at Batala.
Soni has said these officers did not properly monitor
the area of Kirri Afghana, which falls in their
jurisdiction, which is why the incident of molasses
spillover has occurred from Chadha sugar mills.
13. An environment catastrophe has occurred. The
Beas is the only living river of Punjab and any
damage to this river has to be viewed very
seriously.
The ecological degradation will take years to
regenerate. The mill management should have paid
more attention to the mill’s installation and
security as it is situated right next to the river bed
which is an environmentally sensitive zone.