Descriptive studies are observational studies that describe the patterns of disease occurrence in relation to variables such as person, place and time. They are often the first step or initial inquiry into a new topic, event, disease or condition. In this type of Research Methodology, the Correlational method is a type of it. The correlational method involves looking at relationships between two or more variables. While researchers can use correlations to see if a relationship exists, the variables themselves are not under the control of the researchers. In other words, correlational studies cannot prove cause-and-effect relationships. a case study is one of the types of correlational method which fall under Descriptive Research Methodology. Case Study means "a process or record of research into the development of a particular person, group, or situation over a period of time."

1. Professor Parveenbanu M. Malek
*

2. *

3. *
*Any individual, organization, group,
Union, community, caste, object,
event, phenomenon or family
which has some Remarkable
Special Feature is known as case in
research.

4. *
*A detailed investigation and
analysis of a subject or situation
*The devotion and attention To
gaining knowledge of an academic
subject especially by means of
book.

5. *
*Case study is a method of explaining
and analyzing the life of {a social
unit be that a person, family,
institution, cultural group or even
entire community}.

6. *“Case study” is basically associated with medical
science in which the history, current situation,
routine life, habits, food habit, living style of a patient
is examined in order to diagnose his disease and to
give him the most suitable treatment.
*The origin of disease is found out by establishing
interrelationship among all factors related with an
individual.
*Then doctor gives him medicine and suggest the best
remedies and guides him to live in a certain way so
that the same disease will not occur.
*This is called a study in medical science.

7. *In the same way Case study done in
psychology, education And sociology in
order to know the factors responsible
for current form of a unit (case) under
study and to suggest remedies for
improvement and to overcome present
limitations
*

9. *
Highly successful or
unsuccessful, very healthy or unhealthy, very clever or Dull ,
social or antisocial, well-adjusted or maladjusted, very
popular or unpopular

10. *In the same way anything that has any
peculiar property can be considered as a
case.
*It may be an event like terrorist attack or
vehicle like bullet train or natural
phenomenon like tsunami or an Application
like Zoom or Monument Like Taj Mahal or
maybe an organisation like JG Group of
Colleges etc…

11. *
*Case study refers to a careful and deep study of current
position, history and all aspects related with the
development or existence of any individual, social or
special unit, object or anything that can be considered as a
case.
*It tends to study the factors like surrounding environment,
current situation, past events and past experiences of case
which are responsible for its emergency or existence in a
particular situation.
*For that interrelationship among all factors associated with
the case is Studied. That is why case study is considered as
relational study

12. *
*It is a typical descriptive and relational research
method.
*The word ‘case’ is not limited up to a person but it
refers to any organization, group, community, event,
phenomenaon, object, place, or monument that has
some remarkable and special features.
*It tends to study a special case.
*It studies all present or past factors that have some
impact on case.
*It’s studies interrelationship among the factors
associated with case.

13. *
*Qualitative data or information of the case is collected for study.
Sometimes quantitative data are also collected during such a study
*It describes everything, related with case verbally.
*Direct and deep study of the factors related with the case is done.
*The main an ultimate goal of case study is to know the strengths
and weaknesses of a case under study in order to suggest
remedies and effective ways for qualitative improvement in
this way diagnosis and remedial work are at the Centre of such
studies.
*Findings of such studies cannot be generalized in most of the cases.
Contd….

14. *

15. *
• Not mean to generalize the findings
• Conducted for diagnostic and
remedial work
Ideographic
Approach
• Deriving such theory, principle, rule of
finding that can be applied universally
or on a large group
• Tow or more unit studied
systematically and deeply in such study
• Deriving findings has been a main
motto (can be applied on a large group)
Nomothetic
Approach

16. *
• Scope of case study has been there
• Case of his interest
Selection of the Area of Research
• Research Problem is finalized by keeping in mind the
availability of case and main objective
Clarification of the Problem and
Objectives
• An individual, Group or Unit of study is selected
• If more then one unit then selection must represent
the population perfectly
Selection of Case/Unit
• Questions are formed precisely and in simple and easy
language
• If variables are to be involved Hypotheses are formulated
Formation of the Research
Question/Hypothesis
• Depends upon the objectivesSelection of Construction Tool
• Proper plan and visit the case or get the sources of
information
Data/Information Collected
• Logical and Quantitative analysis
• If Hypothesis are formulated then the statistical analysis can
also done
Data Analysis and Diagnosis
• Proper Planning to implement
• Systematically implemented, constantly remains in touch
Remedial work
• Effect is checked out
• Expected change is seen in the case, then process of remedial work
gets over
Follow up work
• Weakness, Strength, Interaction Clarification, Effect of
Remedial work,Derivation of Findings
• Entire Process is describeReport Writings

17. *
*In Which complex statistical analysis and computations are nor or
rarely required.
*Intensive study of the unit.
*Does not require a complex and long sampling method.
*So, continuous and obstacle free study can ben done.
*Convenient in diagnostic and remedial work.
*Finding help in selecting a problem for conduction large scale
research.
*Also help the researcher to formulated hypotheses and objectives for
large group.
*Collecting comprehensive data in the field of education, Psychology,
and sociology.
*Rapport is established between the researcher and case unit. So more
and true information by taking the subject in confidence.

18. *
*Findings can not be generalized.
*Information cannot be classified properly because single or limited
subject/Unit is our sample.
*Limitation of memory power of unit –Long/Large past information.
*Reliable findings cannot be derived, in absence of truthfulness of the
information.
*Researcher has to be very careful, alert and unbiased to get unbiased
information regarding the case of study.
*Case selection in biased way.
*If rapport established between unit and researcher then sincerity can be
reduced.
*If data collected through observation, bias of the researcher may affect the
recording data.
*Reliability and truthfulness of information given by the subject cannot be
checked in an objective way.

19. *
*Case study of JG Group of Colleges
*Case study of a social worker
*Study of maladjusted person
*Study of women living as paying guest
*Study of a particular community
*Study of the students securing A+ grade in SSC/HSC
examination

20. *