This interactive slideshow demonstrates step by step how we work with clients and how DCT works by providing a detailed case study, in which DCT was used to develop process to remarkably improve enzyme productivity within only 10 experiments.

1. DCT Case Demonstration
Developing a process to stabilize enzyme activity
How Effinity Tech enables our clients to achieve their objectives for
process development within 10 experiments!

2. I. Establish Client Requirements
I.1 Define Target Variables and Objectives
Objective: To discover the optimal agent to stabilize
enzyme activity
Target variable: Relative enzyme activity (Y)
Current level: 100%
Goal: 100% (prevent this enzyme from decaying)
Once the objective is defined, we need some
basic information for a system from our
clients. This is where DCT and our clients’
expertise get “married”.

3. Unlike traditional methodologies DCT:
 Optimizes substances and conditions at a time
 Optimizes system configurations and parameter values simultaneously
 Operates on the principle of “open systems” by considering all potentially related
parameters to deliver a much wider field of initial parameters which will much more likely
reveal the optimum configuration and at a much earlier stage
 Does not require selection of a subset of parameters in advance
I.2 Identify System Parameters
Add all potential parameters that are related to the objectives. They could come from:
Current Process
In this case, 16 parameters were provided by the client.
I. Establish Client Requirements
Experience
Publications
Other Sources

4. I. 2&3 - Identify and Define Value Ranges for Parameters
Code Parameter Name Type of Parameters Present Typical
Value
Value range
X1 Temperature Condition n/a 25-65
X2 Time Condition 0-4
X3 PH Condition 4-12
X4 Potassium Metallic Ions 0-0.1
X5 Cobalt Metallic Ions 0-0.1
X6 Magnesium Metallic Ions 0-0.1
X7 Iron Metallic Ions 0-0.1
X8 Zinc Metallic Ions 0-0.1
X9 Calcium Metallic Ions 0-0.1
X10 Propylene glycol Organic materials 0-5
X11 Carob bean gum Organic Materials 0-5
X12 Sodium Alginate Organic Materials 0-5
X13 Konjac flour Organic Materials 0-5
X14 Tryptone Organic Materials 0-5
X15 Peptone Organic Materials. 0-5
X16 Glycerol Organic Materials 0-5
Table 1. Parameter Information
Parameter name is not needed by DCT. This secures our client’s IP.
We show it for demonstration purposes only.
Type is a broad categorization of the parameter
Provide present typical value if data is available. This is
not required. In this case, the client did not have any
experience with developing this process. DCT can still
work without this data.
Provide lower and upper bounds for the parameters. Higher bound
should ideally be less than 100x lower bound. Range should be
“feasible and practical”. For example, don’t use values that will “kill”
the cells or microbes.
ideally less
than 100x
Higher bound
Lower bound

5. II. Design 3-5 Diagnostic Experiments
III. Perform Experiments
At this stage, Effinity Tech designs 3-5 system
diagnostic experiments
Client performs experiments and provides results

6. II. Design 3-5 Diagnostic Experiments
III. Perform Experiments
Exp # Y X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 X9 X10 X11 X12 X13 X14 X15 X16
1 83.0 45 2 12 0.05 0.05 0.1 0.1 0 0 2.5 2.5 5 5 0 0 0
2 89.1 25 2 8 0 0 0.05 0.05 0.1 0.1 0 0 2.5 2.5 5 5 5
3 62.4 65 2 4 0.1 0.1 0 0 0.05 0.05 5 5 0 0 2.5 2.5 2.5
Table 2. The design and results of the system diagnostic experiments
All parameters are included.
Experiment results provided by client
DCT’s comprehensive approach guarantees that all
parameters are tested in initial diagnostic experiments.

7. IV. Analyze Results
V. Evaluate Parameter Importance
 Sensitivity analysis will be conducted by Effinity Tech to
evaluate the contribution of each parameter to the
objective.
 Parameters that are important and necessary will
remain in the system and their values optimized in
further designs.
These parameters: X1 X2 X3 X6 X7 X12
X13 make a positive contribution.
We will keep them!
These parameters: X4 X5 X8 X9 X10 X11
X14 X15 X16 make zero or negative
contribution! They’re outta here!

8. V. Design 1-3 System Control Experiments
III. Perform Experiments
Exp # Y X1 X2 X3 X6 X7 X12 X13
4 121.7 25 2 9 0 0.08 4.5 0
5 134.0 25 2 9 0.08 0 0 4.5
Table 3. The design and results of system control experiments (round #1)
Experiment results provided by client
Both results exceeded the objective!

9. IV. Analyze Results
V. Evaluate Parameter Importance
 Further sensitivity analysis was conducted by Effinity
Tech to evaluate the remaining parameters showing
there is potential to get even better results.
 Two more parameters were excluded. Now, only 5
parameters were still included in the system and their
values further optimized.
These parameters: X1 X2 X3 X6 X13
make a positive contribution. We will
keep them!
These parameters: X7 X12 don’t help!
They’re outta here!

10. V. Design 1-3 System Control Experiments
III. Perform Experiments
Exp # Y X1 X2 X3 X6 X13
6 102.4 25 2 10 0.12 4
7 152.1 25 2 9 0.1 6
8 105.5 25 2 11 0.08 5
Table 4. The design and results of system control experiments (round #2)Hooray! We’ve exceeded the objective by 52.1%!

11. VII. Project Completion
 Perform further adjustments and complete the project
• To ensure the best results, 2 more experiments
were designed but there was no further
improvement.
• This concluded the project!
DCT Really Works!!!

12. VII. Project Completion
Conclusion:
 Required only 10 experiments with DCT
 Increased enzyme activity by 52.1%
Quote from Client:
DCT greatly improved the level of the target variable, which has important
application value. For a complex multi-variable and multi-level system, DCT can
significantly reduce the number of experiments and increase efficiency.
Moreover, it is very easy to implement.