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CASE
CONFERENCE
นศพ.คณิตกร ยาทองไชย
ศูนย์แพทยศาสตรศึกษาชั้นคลินิก รพ.มหาราชนครราชสีมา
ผู้ป่ วยชายไทย อายุ 62 ปี
มาด้วย แขนขาอ่อนแรง 6 ชม.
9 h PTA มีอาการวูบล้ม หมดสติ ขณะกาลังก้าวขึ้นรถไถ (หลังจากนั่ง
นานประมาณ 2 ชม.) ไม่ใจสั่น ไม่มือเท้าเย็น ไม่ปวดศีรษะ ไม่มีผู้เห็นเหตุการณ์ ไม่
เคยเป็นมาก่อน จาไม่ได้ว่าล้มลงไปท่าไหน
6 h PTA ผู้ป่วยตื่นขึ้นมา พบว่า มีแผลที่หน้าผาก ขา 2 ข้างลุกขึ้นยืน
ลาบาก ยกแขน เอามือคว้าจับเสา ใช้มือกดโทรศัพท์ลาบากมากขึ้น มีแขนชาทั้ง 2
ข้าง โทรศัพท์ให้ลูกมารับ ไม่มีปากเบี้ยว ไม่มีพูดไม่ชัด
ผู้ป่วยไปที่ รพ.เทพรัตน์ ได้ admit มีอาการปัสสาวะไม่ออก เบ่งออกยาก
ยังกลั้นอุจจาระได้ work up CT brain, CT chest >> normal,
film skull + film CS พบ multiple osteolytic lesions จึง
refer รพ.มหาราช
- ไม่มีโรคประจาตัว เช่น DM, HT, DLP, epilepsy, CVA, มะเร็ง
- ไม่มีคนในครอบครัวเป็นโรคลมชัก, หลอดเลือดสมอง, มะเร็ง
- ไม่มียากินประจา
- ไม่เคยมีอุบัติเหตุต่อคอหรือหลังมาก่อน
- ไม่ดื่มเหล้า ไม่สูบบุหรี่
ตรวจร่างกาย
A Thai man, alert, well co-operative, sitting, cannot walk
BP 123/85 (ท่านอน), 120/80 (ท่านั่ง) P 64, regular BT 36
RR 22 SpO2 98% at RA
HEENT : not pale conjunctivae, no exophthalmos, thyroid
gland not enlarged, seen 3 abrasion wounds with contusion
at forehead, not tender and no stepping at c-spine area, can
flex-extend and bend neck, normal alignment
CVS : equal pulses all extremities, no heaving, no thrill,
normal s1 s2, no murmur
Lung : clear, equal breath sound
Abdomen : soft, not tender, no palpable mass, lymph nodes
not palpable all
Neuro :mental status good
CN : pupils 3 mm RTLBE, full EOM, no facial palsy
Normal tone, hyperreflexia all
ตรวจร่างกาย
Motor power : Rt. Lt.
C5 V V
C5-6 V V
C6 V V
C7 V V
C8
T1
L2 V V
L3 V V
L4 V V
L5 V V
S1 V V
Sensory : decreased pinprick sensation at level C4-C8 both
PR : good sphincter tone, intact perianal sensation
BBK sign : absent Hoffman’s sign: positive
L’hermitte’s sign : positive
Compression test : negative
Spurling’s test : negative
Distraction test : negative
Back : normal alignment, no tender area, no pain on
percussion, full ROM
CT brain with contrast : No demonstrable intracranial
abnormality
CT chest : No evidence of lung malignancy
EKG 12 leads
Echocardiogram : Good LV, EF 60%, RV not dilate, No VHD
C3
Normal C1-2
C 3-4
C 4-5
C 5-6
APPROACH
Acute weakness
UMN
lesion
Brain
Spinal
cord
LMN lesion
Anterior
horn cell
Root
Peripheral
nerve
NMJ Myopathy
APPROACH
1. Trauma
2. Degenerative disease
3. Tumor
4. Infection
IMAGING
Winking owl sign or
absent pedicle sign
represents spinal
metastases
IMAGING
Osteolytic bone lesion
IMAGING
Sclerotic bone lesion
IMAGING
Pathologic
fracture of spine
IMAGING
Low signal intensity lesion
IMAGING
Narrowing disc
space + end plate
destruction
Infection
SPINAL CORD INJURY
Front
Back
SPINAL CORD INJURY
CENTRAL CORD
SYNDROME
ANTERIOR CORD
SYNDROME
BROWN-SEQUARD
SYNDROME
POSTERIOR CORD
SYNDROME
THANK YOU
Case conference คณิตกร 30ตค.60
Case conference คณิตกร 30ตค.60
Case conference คณิตกร 30ตค.60

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Case conference คณิตกร 30ตค.60

Editor's Notes

  1. Normal alignment, no rotation
  2. A- Normal alignment > lordotic curve Decreased height of vertebral body C4-C7 with sclerotic border, Osteophyte C4-6 Disc space narrowing of level C3-4, C4-5, C5-6, C7-8
  3. Signal intensity increased at C3-C8 level with posterior disc protrusion. Increased signal intensity and swelling of the prevertebral soft tissue at C3 (hematoma)
  4. Motor deficit worse in UE, hands deficit more than arm, sacral sparing Good prognosis, recovery 75% Pt. often have clumsy hand
  5. Caused by direct compression of anterior spinal cord, anterior spinal artery injury (ant.2/3 of cord) Mech. Flexion/compression LE > UE, loss motor+pain&temp, preserved PPC, vibration Worst prognosis, most likely complete cord syndrome, recovery 10%
  6. Caused by cord hemitransection,penetrating trauma Ipsilat. deficit of motor, PPC&vibration Contralat. deficit of pain&temp Excellent prognosis, recovery 99%
  7. Very rare Loss PPC&vibration Preserved motor, pain&temp., light touch