The document summarizes the potential for cooperation over water resources in the Nile River Basin, as well as obstacles and challenges to cooperation. It notes that while there is potential for hydropower development and agricultural benefits through cooperation, political divisions and a lack of legal agreements have hindered cooperation. New challenges to cooperation include countries pursuing unilateral projects, changing sources of financing, impacts of land investments, and shifting geopolitics in the region. Cooperation remains desirable but urgent action is still needed to address obstacles.